Conducting a public technological and price audit. Technological price audit. Changes that are made to the acts of the Government of the Russian Federation

  • 20.01.2022

SEVERIN DEVELOPMENT provides services for public technological and price audit of investment projects. The company has a staff of qualified specialists, many years of experience in the field of audit and is a member of the National Association of Technological and Price Audit.

The purpose of the procedure and the procedure for its implementation are determined by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 30, 2013 No. 382 (as amended on December 23, 2016).

Technology and Price Audit (TPA)- a comprehensive audit of investment projects implemented by public and private organizations, which is advisable in the following cases:
  1. Confirmation of the validity of the effectiveness of the project implementation and the search for alternative technical, technological and organizational options that allow maximum protection of the interests of not only public, but also private customers.
  2. Verification of the declared technologies in terms of their cost and relevance based on the current economic situation and the level of development of production technologies at the time of construction.
  3. Checking the estimate documentation for:
    • compliance with current market prices,
    • unreasonableness of the provided expenses,
    • compliance with the cost of purchased materials and equipment.
  4. Checking the intended use of funds (including budget funds) during the implementation of the project.
  5. Confirmation of the achieved indicators and determination of their compliance with the indicators that were announced at the start of the project.

If the assessment of the technological component of the project concerns the validity of construction solutions and operating costs, then the price audit of investment projects allows you to determine the cost of the facility being built / reconstructed, taking into account technical audit data.

The main customers of price and technology audits are enterprises whose investment projects are fully funded by the state, or companies with state participation.

Public technological and price audit is carried out at four stages of project implementation:

  • Stage 1- preparation of justifications for the main technical / technological solutions for the implementation of the investment project and calculations of the aggregated estimated cost. Conducting a technological audit at this stage involves the following activities:
    • determination of technical/technological feasibility of project implementation;
    • analysis of the optimality of the main technical/technological solutions and their compliance with modern international practice;
    • analysis of the business plan of the project and calculation of economic efficiency;
    • analysis of technological and market risks of investment project implementation, SWOT analysis.

The technological audit carried out at this stage ends with the development of recommendations for optimizing the project (proposal of alternative technical/technological solutions).

  • Stage 2- preparation of design and estimate documentation for the state examination of the investment project. At this stage, audit activities include:
    • analysis of the sufficiency and completeness of design estimates;
    • analysis of the compliance of constructive and technological design solutions with the requirements provided for by the Terms of Reference, as well as the current GOST, SNiP and other acts regulating construction;
    • analysis of compliance with the requirements of energy efficiency and environmental safety of the facility in accordance with the design and technological solutions developed in the project documentation;
    • analysis of the project schedule.

The technological audit carried out at the stage of documentation preparation ensures the successful passing of the state expertise. In the conclusion drawn up, the Contractor will indicate the existing shortcomings and give appropriate recommendations.

  • Stage 3- construction/reconstruction of the object according to the investment project. The audit at this stage includes:
    • financial and technical expertise of ways to implement an investment project;
    • checking the targeted spending of funds (including budget funds) allocated for construction, checking the compliance of the cost and quality of completed work with the concluded contracts, analyzing the risks of deviation from the budget and planned indicators;
    • conducting a technological audit for compliance of the work performed at the facility with the design requirements and conditions of the working documentation, technical regulations, the results of engineering surveys, the requirements of the GPZU (urban planning plan for the land plot);
    • verification of compliance with the requirements of the energy efficiency regulations of the completed facility in accordance with the terms of the project documentation;
    • risk assessment and preparation by the Contractor of recommendations on finalizing the investment project.
  • Stage 4- after the commissioning of the finished facility. Technological audit and expert evaluation of the object cost include:
    • analysis of the compliance of the operational indicators of the facility with the parameters of the Terms of Reference for the design;
    • verification of compliance of the completed project with the approved design and estimate documentation;
    • checking the targeted spending of funds (including budget funds) allocated for the construction / reconstruction of the facility, checking the compliance of the cost of the work performed with contracts and agreements, analyzing the risks of non-compliance with the budget and deviations from the planned parameters;
    • analysis of the compliance of the work performed at the facility with the requirements of working and design documentation, technical regulations, the results of engineering surveys, the requirements of the GPZU (urban planning plan for the land plot);
    • verification of compliance with the energy efficiency regulations of the completed facility in accordance with the terms of the project documentation;
    • analysis of the environmental performance of the facility in the operational mode;
    • provision by the Contractor of motivated recommendations to improve the efficiency of the investment project.

SEVERIN DEVELOPMENT provides technology and price audit (TPA) services in strict compliance with legislative and regulatory acts, Decrees and directives of the Government of the Russian Federation.

On January 1, 2014, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 30, 2013 No. 382 "On conducting a public technological and price audit of large investment projects with state participation and on amending certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation" came into force. A public technological and price audit of large investment projects is an examination of such investment projects, determining the validity of the cost, both at the implementation stage and in the process of the full life cycle. During the public audit, the reasonableness of the costs, the compliance of the project with the accumulated and systematized experience gained on similar implemented investment projects are checked. This allows you to make the investment process controllable and predictable.

The main task of a public technological and price audit is to increase the efficiency of investments, reduce the time and cost of project implementation. A public technological and price audit is the most effective mechanism for increasing the return on investment both in individual capital construction projects and in large infrastructure projects of a federal scale.

Limited Liability Company "Project Bureau No. 1" offers services for conducting a public technological and price audit in the city of Moscow and the entire territory of the Russian Federation on the principles of a contractual price. The cost of technological and public audit of investment projects is determined in each specific case individually. Our company has a staff of qualified specialists and experience in the field of audit.

Conducting a public technological and price audit takes place in one or two stages. When passing a public technological and price audit of an investment project, for which the design documentation for capital construction objects has already been developed, it is carried out in one stage. In the case when design documentation for capital construction projects is to be developed, the audit takes place in two stages. We invite all interested persons and organizations to conduct a public technological and price audit of investment projects in the Limited Liability Company "Project Bureau No. 1".

Audit of large investment
objects

We are one of the first in Russia
organizations accredited
for an audit

Documentation

Order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation of April 2, 2014 N 153 / pr "On approval of the procedure for compiling a list of expert organizations and individuals who may be involved in conducting a public technological and price audit of large investment projects with state participation"

Yurenergo Group of Companies conducts an economic, technical, economic and price audit of investment programs, comprehensively assesses the benefits and feasibility of investing in a project, and helps to identify and minimize possible risks.

Conducting a technological and price audit of investment projects implies an independent assessment of the planned investments, which makes it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the project, confirm or refute its benefits and effectiveness. An audit is a means by which you can get an expert assessment and control investments even at the planning stage.

The main legislative acts and documents regulating the investment audit of enterprises of the energy complex in the Russian Federation are orders and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Audit stages

The investment audit program consists of four stages:

  1. Justification of investments - a set of checks aimed at identifying the feasibility of investing in a given project. The procedure is divided into two stages - analysis of the economic and technical feasibility of the project. In the process of analysis, evidence is collected, arguments and counterarguments are collected on the economic, financial, social feasibility of investing. The verification stages include studying the purpose and conditions of investment, assessing the production and demand for the final product, checking the availability of resources, equipment, materials and skilled workers.
  2. Optimization of design decisions - actions aimed at improving the efficiency of the project. Based on an expert economic assessment, possible amendments and alternative solutions are made to the audit plan for each of the project items - the amount of work performed, the time for each stage of work, the possibility of combining some processes, reorganizing individual operations.
  3. Cost control - assessment of the effectiveness of the use of invested funds, control over their timely return and monitoring of the movement of capital investments throughout the project. This stage includes an analysis of the prices and tariffs included in the project, comparison with the actual cost of materials, services, works and the final product.
  4. Analysis of the achievement of goals and planned indicators - the result of the entire audit is summed up on the basis of an economic, technical, economic and price audit. As a result, possible risks are identified, ways and tools are proposed to minimize them.

Benefits of conducting a price and technology audit of investment programs in Yurenergo

Before investing, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the potential investment object, possible risks and determine the real forecast for the development of the adopted strategy. Yurenergo Group provides services for technological and price audit of investment programs to companies involved in the energy sector.

As a result of the investment audit work, you will receive a document that fully reflects the effectiveness and expediency of investing in this program. Based on an expert assessment of qualified specialists in the field of economics, finance, technologists, the following is summed up:

  • An assessment of the economic development strategy is given. Key performance indicators (KPIs) of the implementation are calculated.
  • A report on the analysis of technical and material resources is provided. This part of the report includes an assessment of the provision of the program with the necessary production facilities, equipment, materials, and personnel.
  • As part of the price audit of an investment project, an analysis of the investment of funds is carried out in terms of the amounts included in the project for the purchase of materials, resources and the final product. Experts evaluate how these figures correspond to the market value and whether it is possible to optimize the pricing policy.
  • An analysis of potential risks is carried out - this is the identification of weaknesses in the project that threaten its successful implementation.
  • A summary is drawn up - a final expert assessment of the potential profitability of the program, the probability and payback period of investments.

For information on the cost and conditions of the audit, please contact our specialists. Consultations can be obtained by the telephone numbers indicated on the website.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 30, 2013 N 382 (as amended on October 1, 2018) "On conducting a public technological and price audit of large investment projects with state participation and on amending certain acts of the Government ...

Conducting a public technological and price audit

investment projects at the 1st stage

16. To conduct a public technological and price audit of an investment project at the 1st stage, the applicant submits to the expert organization the following documents signed by the head of the applicant (an authorized person) and certified by the seal of the applicant (if there is a seal):

a) an application for conducting the 1st stage of a public technological and price audit of an investment project, agreed with the main manager of federal budget funds;

b) a rationale for the economic feasibility, volume and timing of capital investments, prepared in accordance with paragraph 13 of the Rules for conducting an audit of investment projects for the effectiveness of the use of federal budget funds allocated for capital investments, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 12, 2008 N 590 For investment projects in relation to objects of the federal targeted investment program, the specified justification must be agreed with the main manager of federal budget funds and the subject of budget planning;

c) a design assignment prepared in accordance with clause 14 of the Rules for Conducting an Inspection of Investment Projects for the Efficiency of the Use of Federal Budget Funds Allocated for Capital Investments. For investment projects in relation to objects of the federal targeted investment program, the specified task must be agreed with the main manager of federal budget funds and the subject of budget planning;

(see text in previous edition)

17. The expert organization checks the completeness of the submitted documents within 3 working days from the date of their receipt and sends to the applicant within the specified period a draft agreement on conducting the 1st stage of the public technological and price audit of the investment project, signed by the head of the expert organization (authorized person), or return the submitted documents without consideration.

(see text in previous edition)

18. An application for the 1st stage of a public technological and price audit of an investment project and the documents attached to it within the period specified in paragraph 17 of these Regulations shall be returned to the applicant without consideration if the documents specified in paragraph 16 of these Regulations are submitted not in complete set.

19. Conducting a public technological and price audit of an investment project is carried out within the period provided for by the agreement specified in paragraph 17 of these Regulations, which should not exceed 45 days. For especially dangerous, technically complex and unique capital construction projects, the specified period may be extended, but not more than 15 days.

If inaccuracies and (or) technical errors are found in the documents, the expert organization notifies the applicant about this within the specified period. The applicant is obliged to eliminate inaccuracies and (or) technical errors within 15 days from the date of receipt of the notification. In this case, the application for the 1st stage of the public technological and price audit of the investment project is not subject to return.

(see text in previous edition)

20. The objects of a public technological and price audit of an investment project conducted by expert organizations are:

substantiation of economic feasibility, volume and timing of capital investments;

design assignment.

(see text in previous edition)

20(1). The subject of a public technological and price audit to justify the economic feasibility, volume and timing of capital investments as part of the implementation of an investment project are:

a) assessment of the rationale for the choice of the main architectural, structural, technological and engineering solutions for their optimality, taking into account the operating costs for the implementation of the investment project in the life cycle process and compliance with the current level of development of technology and technology;

b) assessment of the justification for the choice of technological solutions for the possibility of meeting the requirements for the main characteristics of products (works and services), the absence of already developed or alternative technologies that make it possible to meet the requirements for the main characteristics of products (works and services). The evaluation of the justification for the choice of technological solutions is carried out if the investment project provides for the creation of new or modernization of existing technologies for the production of products (works, services) for civil purposes in accordance with the methodology for conducting an expert assessment of the compliance of technologies for the production of products (works, services) for civil purposes with the current level of development of science and technology;

c) assessment of the justification for the choice of the main technological equipment according to the enlarged nomenclature for the possibility of meeting the requirements for the main characteristics of products (works and services), their compliance with the modern level of development of equipment and technologies;

d) assessment of the timing and stages of preparation and implementation of the investment project for their optimality;

e) assessment of the estimated (marginal) cost of the implementation of the investment project, including the assessment of the cost of construction according to aggregated indicators (aggregated construction price standards), taking into account the cost of construction of similar capital construction projects, including abroad. The assessment contains a comparative analysis of the cost of implementing an investment project with international and domestic counterparts implemented in comparable conditions (if any);

f) risk assessment of the implementation of the investment project, including technological, price and financial risks, according to the timing of the implementation of the investment project and its stages.

20(2). When conducting a public technological and price audit of the justification of the economic feasibility, volume and timing of capital investments as part of the implementation of an investment project, opportunities should be identified to improve the choice of basic architectural, structural, technological and engineering solutions, basic technological equipment, reduce the time and stages of work, the cost of implementing the investment project as a whole and its individual stages.

20(3). The subject of a public technological and price audit of a design assignment as part of the implementation of an investment project are:

a) assessment, taking into account the consideration of the rationale for economic feasibility, the volume and timing of capital investments:

requirements for architectural, constructive, engineering and technological solutions and basic technological equipment;

terms and stages of preparation and implementation of the investment project;

the estimated (marginal) cost of implementing the investment project and its individual stages;

b) assessment of the sufficiency of the initial data established in the design assignment for the development of design documentation and project implementation.

21. The result of the public technological and price audit of the investment project at the 1st stage is a positive or negative conclusion on the public technological and price audit of the investment project, issued by an expert organization in the form approved by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - conclusion) and including:

a) the results of the assessment of the rationale for the choice of the main architectural, structural and engineering and technological solutions, the timing and stages of preparation and implementation of the investment project, the estimated (marginal) cost of the investment project, the risks of the investment project;

b) information on the compliance of the results of the technological and price audit of the justification of the economic feasibility, volume and timing of capital investments with the requirements for architectural, structural, engineering and technological solutions, the main technological equipment, the timing and stages of preparation and implementation of the investment project, as well as the proposed (marginal) cost of the implementation of the investment project and its individual stages, provided for in the design assignment;

c) information on the sufficiency of the initial data established in the design assignment for the development of design documentation and project implementation;

d) assessment of the feasibility and feasibility of using developed or developing technologies in an investment project that make it possible to meet the requirements for the main characteristics of products (works, services) in investment projects that provide for the creation of new or modernization of existing technologies for the production of products (works, services), - if any such technologies.

(see text in previous edition)

21(1). A positive conclusion is:

a) a positive assessment of the justification for the choice of the main architectural, structural and engineering and technological solutions, the choice of the main technological equipment, the timing and stages of preparation and implementation of the investment project, the estimated (marginal) cost of the investment project, the risks of the investment project;

b) a conclusion on the compliance of the results of the technological and price audit of the justification of the economic feasibility, volume and timing of the implementation of capital investments with the requirements for architectural, structural, engineering and technological solutions, the main technological equipment, the timing and stages of preparation and implementation of the investment project, as well as the proposed (marginal) cost of the implementation of the investment project and its individual stages, provided for in the design assignment;

c) conclusion on the sufficiency of the initial data established in the design assignment for the development of project documentation and the implementation of the investment project.

22. If a negative opinion is received, the applicant has the right to submit documents for a repeated public technological and price audit of the investment project, subject to their revision, taking into account the comments and suggestions specified in the opinion. No fee is charged for a repeated public technological and price audit of an investment project.

A negative opinion may be challenged by the applicant in court.

Audit of investment projects allows you to control investments already at the planning stage. With a correct approach to the issue, it is possible to foresee possible errors in advance and take measures to avoid them. Technological and price audit of investment projects is a tool that gives an assessment of the conceived plan even before the start of its implementation.

Important Features

If an audit is planned, pay attention to:

  • Alternative projects in which you can invest. Compare them with the chosen one and analyze what are the strengths and weaknesses of each of the options. Based on the data obtained, a final decision can be made.
  • Management decisions, having first laid a rigid base under them, which cannot be challenged. It is important that key indicators that are significant for any enterprise are involved, that is, wages, efficiency in terms of the economy, and the social component.
  • An audit of investment and construction projects, as well as in other areas, necessarily implies a reasonable approach to identifying the risks that accompany the implementation of an idea.
  • Adjustment of the income component and expenses in such a way that it was possible to bypass risky situations.

Technological and price audit of investment projects allows you to get a report on the basis of which the entrepreneur can make the right decision in the field of organization management. It is on the basis of a detailed analysis of the situation that it is possible to determine whether a particular project is attractive for investment.

Most Relevant

Public technological and price audit of investment projects is most relevant in the field of construction. In this area, over the past few years, there has been an increase in the volume of investments from the state, due to which the requirements for control methods have increased. Recent changes in the economy and business practices have shown that it is necessary to work on new methods for evaluating and regulating the effectiveness of investing money in certain ideas.

In response to this need, enterprising people were able to quickly create such audit methods that allowed them to systematically study investment objects, evaluate them comprehensively, taking into account all significant factors. In our time, the results that show independent examinations are most highly valued. It evaluates the following components:

  • economic;
  • technological;
  • technical.

Although at first the technological price audit of large investment projects was developed as the most effective option in relation to the field of construction, over time it has become relevant for other areas in which it is profitable to invest money.

Assessment specifics

The investment project audit program assumes that independent experts from various fields work on the assessment, which consider all stages of the object's life cycle. In order to get the correct result, it is most reasonable to turn to some independent company with a good rating and a high level of trust. This will help optimize solutions in the context of the technologies used and the specifics of the project, as well as increase the efficiency of the use of cash investments.

A high-quality and accurate price audit of investment projects allows you to lower the price of the project while reducing the duration of its implementation. With the right approach and taking into account all the iconic factors, the workflow will be environmentally friendly and energy efficient when it comes to construction.

Control and support

The state did not disregard all the opportunities provided by a public audit of investment projects. In recent years, it has been granting certain preferences to those who are ready to pay attention to such opportunities. A plan was put in place for the period from 2013 to 2018, aimed at ensuring that large projects in which it is profitable to invest money pass audit activities.

Goals and opportunities

Conducting a technological audit of an investment project makes it possible to assess how correctly the solutions were chosen:

  • constructive;
  • technological.

It is also mandatory to assess whether the applicable methodologies and technologies are in line with the state of the art. When it comes to a construction site, experts pay attention to the technical means and building materials used, analyze what technologies are used in the construction of the facility, whether innovative developments are taken into account, whether advanced techniques are implemented. They check whether the construction site meets the standards, production requirements. In total, this will allow us to draw conclusions about how efficiently the budget money invested in the project is spent. In addition, the audit of investment projects makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of a particular object.

Price audit as a way to success

Why audit an investment project? An example is this: before the appraisal of the object, the value of the object was quite large, which caused a lot of controversy among potential investors, who believed that these were unjustified, inflated figures. This, in turn, limited the flow of funds and suspended the implementation of the idea. Carrying out audit activities allows you to identify shortcomings, miscalculations in determining the cost, due to which the price tag is noticeably reduced. Since the result of the analysis is necessarily documented, confirmed by highly qualified experts, this allows you to trust the object. This means that more investors will be able to accept the opportunity and invest in it, and the influx of funds will accelerate the turning of the idea into reality.

A price audit is now the most effective method to improve the return on investment. This is equally true for large federal facilities and for individual construction sites.

Subject of the audit

The audit of investment projects is carried out in the context of the following aspects:

  • Evaluation of the decision in favor of a particular method (this applies to the design features of the project and its technologies, engineering and technical aspects and architectural models). At the same time, it also takes into account how large the costs of operating the facility during the full life cycle will be in the future. Be sure to analyze the compliance of the applied opportunities and the technical, technological level of development of society.
  • It is estimated how successful the choice was in favor of one or another technological solution. At the same time, compliance with the requirements for works, services, products is analyzed. Experts pay attention to the availability of alternative methods of product development, allowing to achieve a better result or a similar one.

When investment projects are audited, analysts provide justifications in favor of some technological solution. At the same time, it analyzes whether new goods and products are created during the workflow, or old ones are modernized, or neither. Civil services and works must be taken into account separately. Expert evaluation is given only taking into account the specifics of the technological process and its compliance with the level of development of our society.

The subtleties of the audit

When evaluating a project, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about the reasonableness of investing in a certain object, it is imperative to analyze the following subtle points:

  • The choice in favor of the equipment used (it is customary to resort to an enlarged nomenclature). It is assessed whether the result of the work corresponds to the expected by society at the current technical level of development.
  • Terms, preparatory stages and the period of the project as a whole. Analysts draw conclusions about the optimal time frame or the need to adjust it.
  • Risks associated with the implementation of the project. Experts pay attention to the technological aspects of possible dangerous situations, economic and temporary.

During the audit of the project, attention must be paid to the marginal selling price. It must include expenses calculated in accordance with aggregated indicators. Similar projects being built in the same country as well as abroad are taken into account. Comparative price analysis should be based on data obtained from different construction sites, where work is carried out in conditions close to those characteristic of the analyzed one.

The result of the audit is an expert opinion, confirmed by the signatures of all persons involved in the analysis. It is drawn up in a form approved at the state level and allows a potential investor to make a final decision in favor of the project or refuse it.

Audit: when do we conduct?

Undoubtedly, the task of evaluating a project that is attractive from the point of view of investment is a responsible and complex process that requires investment of time and money. This means that it is not always necessary to carry it out. You should turn to a private or public company for expertise if you need to confirm that a particular project will really be effective as it is implemented. The assessment also allows you to find alternative options, thanks to which you can protect your interests.

An audit is indispensable if you need to make sure that the workflow uses exactly the technologies that are stated in the project documentation. The assessment makes it possible to clarify their modernity, efficiency and effectiveness, taking into account the specifics of the economy and the level of development. This is important: the audit allows you to draw conclusions about the technologies, materials and capabilities used at the time of the assessment. This does not mean that tomorrow its results will still be relevant, since there is a possibility of a sudden discovery of fundamentally new approaches, methods and methods for solving certain practical problems.

Correctness and relevance

During the audit, the estimate documentation is necessarily verified. This stage allows you to draw correct conclusions about the following aspects:

  • availability of sufficient justification for all planned expenses;
  • compliance of equipment and materials;
  • the adequacy of the project relative to the market value.

Attention is paid to everyone without exception!

During the audit, experts check how correctly the finances allocated for the implementation of the facility are used. If the contractor claims that he has reached some important level, indicators in the implementation, then during the audit you can make sure that this information is accurate and correct, true and worthy of trust. At the same time, the indicators declared in the project documentation are analyzed and they are reconciled with the real state of affairs.

In some cases, assessment activities allow us to conclude how justified certain decisions applied during construction are. In this case, the results of the analysis will contain conclusions about the cost of the object, taking into account the technical parameters.

Are we ordering?

Which legal entities most often turn to the services of experts? Practice shows that this kind of service is relevant for enterprises that have state money, as well as those companies in which the state participates.

What answer the customer will receive directly depends on at what stage of the project implementation it was decided to turn to third-party experts for the purpose of auditing. In some cases, you should count on recommendations that will help you optimize your workflow and make it more profitable. Here, experts offer technological and technical options for solving complex situations that can contribute to the completion of construction in the shortest possible time while minimizing costs. If the audit is requested at the stage when the documentation for the object is already being prepared, then the experts will suggest how to pass the state examination. The specialists working on the project will learn from independent experts what shortcomings were made, receive recommendations to improve the quality of the project.

Summing up

So, the audit of an investment project is a process that makes it possible to obtain information about how profitable, promising and optimized the project is. An audit makes it possible to understand whether construction is necessary in principle, as well as to identify alternative methods for creating a similar object at a lower cost. Analysts study the applied technologies and materials and draw a conclusion about their adequacy, modernity, reasonable cost.

The main advantage of an audit is independence. This distinguishes it from the background of state expertise, associated with a conflict of interest, since the assessment of the activities carried out there is given by the people who carried them out. But in the case of an audit, third-party specialists are involved who are able to correctly evaluate what has been implemented and analyze what and how can be improved.