Company registration - how to open a company, create an LLC? How to create your own company from scratch

In this article, I explained in detail how to become an entrepreneur and open your own company from scratch (individual entrepreneur and LLC), and what kind of business you can start without experience

Hello, dear friend! Alexander Berezhnov is in touch.

Today, more and more people want to become entrepreneurs and open their own company. Friends often turn to me for advice on such issues.

This article is a simple and accessible instruction that will help all aspiring entrepreneurs register their company and conduct officially commercial activities.

Let's go in order!

1. What is a company and what types of companies are there?

Before I tell you how to open your own company, I will define this term and briefly tell you what types of companies there are and what their differences are.

Firm is an officially registered independent business unit that realizes its commercial goals in the interests of its participants by selling goods and services.

Such a concept as a company has synonyms: company, enterprise.

Typically, a company means a legal entity of one of the organizational and legal forms - LLC, CJSC, OJSC. These types of firms have both similarities and differences. We will also look at them below.

Individual entrepreneurs are also sometimes called a company. However, this is not entirely true, since an individual entrepreneur is an individual registered in the prescribed manner for the purpose of conducting commercial (entrepreneurial) activities.

According to current legislation, only legal entities are considered companies (Article 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

And when the question arises of how to create a company, we mean opening a legal entity.

In modern society, the word “company” takes on a colloquial connotation.

For example, “Vasya, did you hear that Petrovich opened his own company?”. Almost all people who do business are talked about “he has his own company”. This word was especially popular in Russia in the 90s and 2000s.

At this time, the market economy was just emerging in our country, and even in various advertising messages one could see phrases like: “The company offers building materials wholesale and retail”.

Let's now look at what types of companies there are. Here I will not give an economics lesson and will consider only those types of commercial enterprises that are advisable to register if you want to become an entrepreneur.

2. Types of firms and enterprises

1. OJSC (Open Joint Stock Company)- a legal entity, a form of organization of a public company, whose shareholders can sell their shares (interests) in the company, and other individuals and legal entities can purchase these shares.

OJSCs are usually opened when it is necessary to quickly and without lengthy procedures attract investment into your business. All participants in such a joint stock company receive dividends (profits) from the existing shares.

The more shares a member (shareholder) of an LLC owns, the more money he will receive in the form of dividends (earnings per share) during the period of holding the shares.

JSC is obliged to publish a report on its profits and losses. Examples of OJSC include such giant companies as Gazprom, Sberbank and Lukoil.

2. CJSC (Closed Joint Stock Company)- a form of organization of a non-public company, with a predetermined circle of shareholders (founders).

Unlike an LLC, a CJSC is not required to publish its financial statements.

Its current shareholders have the preemptive right to purchase shares in such a company.

A closed joint stock company is opened in the following cases:

• The need to attract external investment;
• The total volume of the company's capital is calculated in large sums;
• The founders of this legal entity intend to sell their business after some time.

3. LLC (Limited Liability Company)- a legal entity, the peculiarity of which is the limited financial risk of its participants.

In an LLC, all debt obligations cannot exceed the volume of its authorized capital.

This means that the company's participants are liable for the company's debts only to the extent of their share in the authorized capital.

Today, LLC is the most popular form of business organization among legal entities in Russia.

We will separately consider individual entrepreneurs (individual entrepreneurship) as a subject of commercial activity.

IP- an individual registered in the manner prescribed by law as an entrepreneur.

This form of doing business has its advantages and disadvantages. Along with LLCs, individual entrepreneurs are opened by many beginning entrepreneurs.

It is worth saying that it is ideal when you simultaneously open an individual entrepreneur and an LLC.

Moreover, you can register both an individual entrepreneur and an LLC in your name at the same time. The law allows this.

For example, you can be an individual entrepreneur, at the same time be a founder (co-founder) of an LLC and even at the same time be an employee in any other company, and be registered there under an employment contract.

3. How to open your own company - choose the form of business organization

When a person begins to think about officially registering an existing business or wants to immediately open a company and officially become an entrepreneur, the question arises, what is better to open - an individual entrepreneur or an LLC?

There is no clear answer to this. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages.

All that remains is to compare these forms of doing business and choose the most suitable one for yourself.

What is better to open - an individual entrepreneur or an LLC?

Let's take a closer look at the pros and cons of opening an individual entrepreneur and LLC.

Pros of IP (+):

1. Simple and cheap registration. It is very easy to open an individual entrepreneur, and the whole procedure will take you from 2000 to 5000 thousand rubles (this already includes payment of the state fee for registering an individual entrepreneur in the amount of 800 rubles, making a seal and opening a current account).
2. Low fines and taxes. Typically, individual entrepreneurs pay lower taxes than legal entities. All fines for an entrepreneur are 10-50 times less than for legal entities (LLC).
3. Flexibility of activity. An entrepreneur can work without a current account; often he also does not need a cash register, which complicates the control of real income by the state. Therefore, it is easier for an individual entrepreneur to optimize (minimize) taxes, and he also has less chance of receiving sanctions from regulatory authorities.
4. Easy reporting. For an individual entrepreneur, reporting is much easier than for an LLC, and its volume is also smaller. If you want to independently manage and submit reports for your individual entrepreneur, then by devoting a couple of days to this issue, you can do this without any problems.
5. Free management of your own money. All money an individual entrepreneur receives as a result of conducting commercial activities is his property. For example, money received by an LLC as a result of its commercial activities is the property of this company. You cannot withdraw them just like that, for example to your card at a bank, or withdraw them in the form of cash.

According to paragraph 2 of Art. 861 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, all transactions between legal entities and individual entrepreneurs are carried out by bank transfer. Here we will not consider how to withdraw money from an LLC’s current account. This is the topic of a separate article.

Disadvantages of IP (-):

1. An individual entrepreneur is liable for his obligations (debts) with all his property. That is, if you signed any agreement, did not fulfill your obligations properly, and you incurred debts to your clients or partners, then in court you can be deprived of any property. It may include: real estate, vehicles, securities, bank deposits, equipment. This is the main disadvantage of IP. The next minus is quite subjective, but it is also present.
2. Restrictions on certain types of activities. An individual entrepreneur, for example, cannot sell alcoholic beverages and engage in certain other activities. Keep this in mind before opening your own company.
3. Individual entrepreneurs are required to pay contributions to the Pension Fund. An individual entrepreneur must pay funds to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, regardless of whether he is engaged in business or not. Individual entrepreneurs make contributions to the FSS (Social Insurance Fund) if they have employees.
4. “Unsoundness” of the individual entrepreneur. With an individual entrepreneur, you will not always be able to participate in the state. procurement (competitions, quotations), that is, to fulfill government contracts. In most cases, individual entrepreneurs are not allowed to participate in such auctions. Also, large companies are reluctant to cooperate with individual entrepreneurs. The image or, in other words, psychological moment plays a role here. Unfortunately, “business bigwigs” associate a private entrepreneur with a small stall in the market where they sell socks or jeans. Although, according to the law, no one prohibits a person registered as an individual entrepreneur from opening a factory with hundreds of employees.

For example, I myself often pay attention to the following interesting fact and even share these observations with friends.

Examples from life

I once went into a large Adidas brand store, bought sneakers, and on the receipt it said “IP Babayan”.

Also, I recently dined at the famous fast food chain Subway and what do you think? Same situation! The seller’s inscription “IP Petrov” is on the receipt.

Why is this happening? The answer is simple!

These entrepreneurs opened their business as a franchise, and accordingly, no one forbids them from being individual entrepreneurs and running their business under the name of a well-known brand.

You will find information on how to become an entrepreneur and open a franchise business below in the “” section. This is one of the best ways to start your business once you have already opened a company.

There are other disadvantages of individual entrepreneurs, they relate rather to the accounting side of the issue.

Therefore, when you register your company, contact an accountant and he will tell you what is better to open: an LLC or an individual entrepreneur.

This concludes a brief analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of IP.

Let's move on to the analysis of LLC.

Pros of LLC (+):

1. Limited liability of participants (founders) of the company. You personally, as an individual, do not face the risk of being left without money and property if your LLC fails to fulfill its obligations and remains in debt. According to the law, you only risk losing that part of the authorized capital that you own in the company.
2. Solidity and the ability to carry out any type of activity (subject to licenses). LLC is a full-fledged company that is trusted. The company can easily carry out any type of activity that is not prohibited by law, participate in tenders and quotations (state procurement).
3. An LLC can be sold or bought as a company, unlike an individual entrepreneur. If you have a need for additional investments or sale of a business, then an LLC is more suitable for you than an individual entrepreneur.
4. A limited liability company does not pay contributions to the Pension Fund if it does not operate. This is very convenient if you do business “from time to time.” In this case, the LLC can cover the losses of previous years at the expense of the current year’s profits. Using this, society reduces income tax.

Disadvantages of LLC (-):

1. Relatively expensive and more complex registration procedure. To open an LLC, you need to collect more documents and the registration of the company itself costs several times more than the registration of an individual entrepreneur.
2. Authorized capital is required. The authorized capital acts as monetary security for the company's guarantee obligations to creditors.
3. Difficulties with withdrawal of earned funds. The LLC distributes profits among participants no more than once a quarter; all earned funds, after being credited to the LLC’s current account, belong to the company and cannot be withdrawn without special procedures.
4. The need for accounting and more complex reporting. To run an LLC, a full-time or “visiting” accountant is usually hired, since there are subtleties that only a person with special education or experience can understand.
5. High fines for violations of legislation in the field of commercial activities. Some fines for LLCs are tens of times higher than for individual entrepreneurs. In addition, individual entrepreneurs are less controlled by the state. It is more difficult for a limited liability company to use “gray” work schemes and legally evade taxes.

Dear readers, we have conducted a comparative analysis of the two most popular organizational and legal forms of a commercial enterprise for a novice entrepreneur.

How to open an individual entrepreneur

I covered this topic in detail in a separate article on our website: “”.

How to open an LLC

I described all the details of creating your own LLC in the article: “”.

Now all you have to do is work, and you can do your accounting and submit your company’s reports via the Internet.

4. How to become an entrepreneur - 5 proven ways to start your own business

Method 1. Starting your own business from scratch

This method is not the easiest for beginners, but it allows you to go the whole way of organizing your business - from finding an idea to officially registering your company and receiving your first profit.

If you have decided that you definitely want to open your own business, but do not have the necessary knowledge and capital for this, check out the best articles on our site for aspiring entrepreneurs on this topic.

For example, if you want to organize your own business and not invest money in it, read the article “”. Always make sure that you don't invest money in your business if you don't have experience.

Having the necessary knowledge, you can always open your business from scratch, and how to do it correctly, read.

The highest goal in the future, after you have opened a company and become an entrepreneur, will be to receive passive income from your activities. Read what it is and how to create passive income.

Method 2. Buy a ready-made company

Buying a ready-made company is another option for starting your own business.

Today on the market, various legal and consulting companies offer to buy a ready-made company from 20,000 rubles.

In this case, you can buy a so-called “clean” company - a newly registered company that has never carried out activities and does not have any history.

This method has its pros and cons.

Advantages of buying a ready-made company:

1. You get a ready-made turnkey company. The specialists have already done everything for you and handed over your brainchild to you. All you have to do is grow it and develop it.
2. Low risks of “surprises”. You have a guarantee that you will not face lawsuits or debts from the company, since it has no commercial past, including negative ones.
3. Complete creative freedom. Now you are the boss and have the right to decide for yourself in which direction to develop your business. You have your company documents in your hands, and you can create all commercial activities and business processes from scratch, based on your vision of the business.

Disadvantages of buying a ready-made company:

1. Lack of a “name” on the market. A new company is one of thousands of its own, without the trust of clients and business partners. You will not be able to use the company's positive reputation as your asset; you will have to work on it and create a good reputation for the company yourself. You can also buy a ready-made company with equipment, employees and a solid history of existence. In this case, you will need an expert business appraiser and auditor. These specialists will conduct a comprehensive assessment of your future enterprise and give their opinion on the advisability of purchasing such a business.

I had the experience of purchasing a ready-made business with 9 employees who worked in shifts (the establishment operated around the clock). It was a gaming computer club with 17 seats (seventeen gaming computers and one server).

This experience allowed me to evaluate in practice all the advantages and disadvantages of buying an existing business, which I wrote about above.

Method 3. Create a business on the Internet

Online business is a great opportunity to start your own business without investment, for example, by training people and selling your knowledge in the form of information products.

Here are some ways to make money online:

1. Provide paid services (freelancing). If you know how to design, write texts or program, you can sell your services on the Internet on fl.ru and workzilla.ru - these are the most popular exchanges for freelancers.
2. Get a remote job. You can also find a permanent employer and work from home, for example in a call center as an operator or as an online store manager.
3. Create your own website (blog) and organize your own information business. If you are good with a computer and a quick learner, then try creating your own business online. To create a successful business on the Internet, you will need to create your website, attract visitors to it, collect your subscriber base, and then competently monetize it. For example, the site HeatherBober.ru, which you are currently on, brings good income. By creating a project like this, you will be able to not work anywhere else and support yourself while doing what you love. You can learn more about how to create such projects from Konstantin Rudnev’s course “”.
4. Engage in sales of goods via the Internet. The easiest way to sell products online is through electronic bulletin boards. The most popular and effective platform for selling goods today is Avito.ru. You can find out how to earn from 2000 rubles a day on Avito.ru.
5. Open your own online store. I already wrote in the article “” how to do this correctly and what you need to know.

I wrote in more detail about these and other ways to earn money in the article “”.

Method 4. Opening a franchise business

If you have a decent amount of money, but do not have enough experience in business, then opening a franchise business is the best option for you.

Usually, to buy a good franchise, you need an amount from several hundred thousand to several million rubles.

If you are not yet familiar with the concepts of franchising and franchising, I will briefly introduce them:

Franchising is a way to organize your business under the name of a well-known brand using its technologies and trademark.

Franchise- this is the right to use the brand of the company providing the franchise, as well as the use of its business model.

How to open a franchise business

To do this, you find a company that provides the right to operate a franchise on its own behalf. On its terms, you purchase a franchise and work, paying royalties*.

Royalty- type of license fee paid by the franchisee (franchisee) to the franchisor (franchisor).

The advantages of starting a franchise business are obvious: you do not need to “reinvent the wheel”, but only need to develop your business using a well-known brand and proven technology.

At the same time, you must strictly comply with all the requirements of your franchisor, otherwise he will have the right to revoke your franchise. This is the disadvantage of opening a franchise business, since you cannot deviate from the rules and engage in “amateur activities.”

Method 5. Develop direct sales skills and become a partner of a reliable company

If you want to gain experience in business, I advise you to develop the main business skill - direct sales.

Recently I became convinced that you can really sell anything.

I'll tell you briefly about my experiment.

Example from life

A few months ago I completed personal training on sales and negotiations. It lasted 5 days. Finally, the coach gave me the task of selling his business cards.

Can you imagine?! They give out business cards for free and who will buy them?

However, contrary to this, in 2 hours in the park of our city (Stavropol) I sold 7 business cards at 100 rubles each and earned 700 rubles. It's practically money out of thin air.

It is curious that the average salary in Russia is slightly more than 20,000 rubles.

Conclusion

Even selling business cards on the street in a provincial town, you can earn an average salary.

By developing direct sales skills, you can build a successful business in a network marketing company or open a branch of a well-known company in your city.

You can also become a freelance salesperson in any commercial organization and sell real estate, cars or computers.

After all, every business is interested in getting new customers and its owners will be happy to share part of the profit with you if you bring it.

5. Convenient service for registering a company (IE and LLC) via the Internet

I myself use some of the functions of this accounting service and recommend it to my friends who want to open a company and start their own business.

Advantages of the service:

1. Availability of free options
2. Complete management of all transactions via the Internet
3. Help consultation: lawyers and accountants

The “My Business” service also has an affiliate program with which you can earn money.

6. Conclusion

Dear friend, summing up, I want to tell you honestly that becoming an entrepreneur from scratch and opening your own company is the path that strong and brave people choose, it is not the easiest if you want to earn money.

Most people choose a standard job, stability and clarity; a measured life is important to them. This is not bad or good, it’s just that everyone is different and everyone does what they see fit.

The entrepreneurial path is a risky step that can lead you to depression and inner emptiness. This often happens if you don’t succeed and everything falls out of your hands.

I know firsthand this state when you can lie for weeks, look at one point and think, how could such a “butt” happen to me?! At this moment there is no strength to rise...

This happens when you miscalculate your plans, lose a large amount of money, and so on.

But, as you know, everything in life is cyclical and any fall is followed by an even greater rise.

Remember that a businessman is a high-flying bird.

Therefore, if you are sure that business is yours and it is destined for you to become an entrepreneur, go for it!

Learn, meet people from the field of business in which you plan to start your project and sooner or later you will achieve success, I promise!

That's all for me.

P.S. Don’t forget to like, ask your questions on the topic in the comments and visit HeatherBober.ru more often

Good luck in your business!

There are many people who want to open a company, but not everyone succeeds. One idea and desire are not enough; there must be a great desire, focus on results and, of course, initial capital.

First of all, you need to decide what type of economic activity to choose, and the method of opening a company is important. You can purchase a ready-made business and continue to develop it in the same direction, but the cost of this pleasure is too high. As an option, buy a franchise (trademark, business methods). Or organize your company from scratch - in this case you need to plan everything in detail and choose what exactly to do. Select the form of ownership: it can be a private entrepreneur (IP), OJSC, LLC, CJSC. Most often, new companies are opened in the name of a private enterprise, and later, with good progress in development, they are converted into an LLC. The choice depends on many factors: financial situation, number of employees, type of enterprise, taxation. If you cannot figure this out on your own, you need to consult a lawyer and accountant.

The choice of taxation system is also an important point: it can be general or simplified (single tax). You need to collect a package of documents, submit it to the tax office and in five days receive a company registration certificate or a reasoned refusal.

The company must have a legal address, and also requires a full package of constituent documents: a certificate of state registration, a certificate of registration with the tax office, a protocol on the appointed manager and his passport data, as well as a charter. A stamp is required, otherwise it will be impossible to open a bank account.

Come up with a name, but do not use well-known logos, otherwise you may be fined. It must be original, memorable and relevant to the type of activity.

Along with the red tape regarding the collection of documents and their execution, you need to draw up a business plan. Thanks to it, all possible profit options and obstacles are taken into account, as well as ways to solve problems. It describes the company's activities, its functioning, estimates of expected profits and losses and competitive advantages. The last and one of the most important points is the starting capital. Success can be affected by either insufficient investment of money or excessive investment (it may not pay off). The source of funding can be friends, relatives or financial institutions. There is a concept - a business loan, but it is very difficult to obtain. You definitely need a business plan and collateral, and this does not ensure a 100% positive answer. It is better then to apply for a consumer loan; the amount, of course, will be much less, but a minimum package of documents will be required, and in this case, obtaining approval increases. Having your own funds is the best option.

The most important thing when opening your own company is to think through everything down to the smallest detail, and also try to reduce initial costs. It is better to spend money on business development and advertising (you can also place it on free websites or in newspapers). Very often, with minimal costs, the result exceeds expectations.

To assess the market, you first need to decide on the volume of planned investments and the niche that is most interesting to you.

It is highly desirable that this interest be supported by some theoretical, or even better, practical knowledge about the development process, available tools and methodologies. You can analyze the demand and level of competition in the chosen niche based on data provided by rating agencies. In almost every segment, even such a highly specialized one as the development of online stores, there are fairly detailed ratings comparing flagship companies by turnover, average bill, number of projects and other parameters that give a fairly clear picture.

Competition

Our niche is highly competitive only at first glance. In fact, this is the same level of competition as between BMW and AvtoVAZ - segmentation is primarily determined by the price of services and the class of customers. It is no secret that the price range for the same website development can be from 5 thousand to 5 million rubles. It all depends on what needs to be done, what level of quality to ensure, what tools to use, how big a name the IT company has, how well-known clients are in its portfolio.

As a result, if you work in the price range 5-25 thousand rubles, companies with projects from 1 million rubles will obviously not be your competitors, and vice versa.

To get ahead of your competitors, you must first determine in which price segment you will provide services. Then it’s worth analyzing direct competitors from the same price segment who provide the same services: see what development tools they offer, what additional services they include in the cost of development, what clients and projects they work with.

At the same time, it is quite important to objectively evaluate your own strengths - will you be able to provide quality that is no worse? Can you offer similar services at the same price? Next, it’s important to highlight your unique advantage over your competitors: what makes you better? Why should clients work with you?

If you have such an advantage formulated on an intuitive level, without external confirmation, it is better to check it in advance: conduct a survey of friends, acquaintances, and random interlocutors. Find out whether they would really care about such an advantage, or whether your hypothesis is untenable. The sample must be large enough to provide the most accurate representation possible.

How to decide on the range of services that the company will provide?

This depends primarily on your level of knowledge about the field and technology, as well as on the level of initial investment. For example, the average salary of an experienced Symfony programmer is 80-100 thousand rubles, i.e. 3 months of his work will cost the company 240-300 thousand rubles. At the same time, projects of this level are usually complex, expensive and require not only a programmer, but a full-fledged team: designer, tester, project manager, analyst, etc. It is highly desirable that the owner of the company has at least one of the key competencies, otherwise it will be difficult to control the processes.

The most common situation in the market is when an experienced developer opens his own company, and rightly so. He already has an understanding of what pitfalls await him, what difficulties the company may encounter, and how to properly build processes.

It is important to remember: additional services are good, but only when they do not divert most of the company's resources.

Sometimes occupying a narrow niche turns out to be more profitable than offering clients the widest possible range of services.

Who is the main target audience?

If we talk about the IT services market in general, then the target audience is almost any business, without restrictions. But to determine the target audience of your company, you need to create the most accurate portrait of the client:

• how much money the client is willing to spend on your services;
• what basic service does he need;
• what additional services he may need;
• if you have a regional link, most companies from another region will most likely be eliminated from the target audience;
• what industry your client works in (often clients choose a developer who has projects in the portfolio for the same industry);
• who makes the decision in the client’s company (if you work mainly with small businesses, these are usually the owners; if you work with enterprises, these are middle managers, and they have a completely different level of motivation to start development and quickly complete the project );
• Are there any requirements for the tools used in development (some clients specify as the main requirement what the development should be done on, for example, what programming language should be used, what graphic editor, what CMS).

Beginners should remember that reaching large customers without prior preparation is a very difficult task. Our target audience immediately became medium-sized businesses that needed some kind of non-standard solution for automating processes.

The key difference between companies operating in the higher price segment is that customers stay with them for a long time.

The thing is that products in this segment are complex and require support. Moreover, they rely on business processes, which is a flexible thing that changes over time. Therefore, the product usually evolves along with the company.

Investment size

To optimize office expenses, you can rent it in a place that is not very accessible, because... its location is not very important - clients rarely come on their own. Or you can act radically and abandon the office altogether, transferring employees to remote work.

But this option is not suitable for everyone. We decided to take this step only after being 100% convinced that all our clients prefer to meet in their office or cafe, and also realizing that all our employees have been working in the company continuously for more than 2 years and are quite capable of responsibly performing their work without tied to an office chair.

Saving on salaries if you want to ensure high quality projects is definitely not worth it. But you can reduce costs if you hire employees for additional services on a project-by-project basis, paying them only for the work that was actually done, and use KPI to evaluate the work of full-time employees. All our employees are in one way or another tied to the company's profits.

The absence of an office and the use of some employees on a project-by-project basis allowed us to minimize equipment costs - most of the employees use their own computers, and we only bear the costs of their depreciation.

Step-by-step instruction

Having decided on a niche, studied competitors, recruited the first clients and rented premises, you can now proceed to the next stage of opening - purchasing equipment. Mandatory equipment, without which we cannot imagine working:

• The company’s own server (including for demonstrating work to clients and the operation of the project management system);
• Virtual PBX;
• Laptops or desktop computers of employees that have sufficient power for the type of work performed;
• Office equipment.

It was quite easy to find suppliers, since many of them dropped out at the stage of the first request - they did not respond for a long time, took a long time to issue an invoice, and could not competently answer our questions. As a result, those suppliers of equipment and services with whom we constantly work have not changed for years.

For example, we maintain the company’s own server in the provider’s data center, which has not been changed for 4 years. His prices are not the lowest, but the speed of response to our requests is no more than 10 minutes.

Thus, the main criteria for selecting suppliers for us are:

• Speed ​​of response to our request (especially if these are permanent services);
• Equipment quality;
• Cost of equipment.

Of course, no equipment will work without specialists. For an IT company, they are the foundation of success. The number of employees a firm has depends on which services are core and how many projects are being carried out simultaneously. For example, we are a technology company, and this means that programmers must have a high level of training, and there must be at least two of them on staff, and preferably 3-4, in order to ensure interchangeability and speed of project completion. But only one designer is enough.

Currently our staff consists of:

• Sales Manager;
• Project Manager;
• Technical Writer;
• Designer;
• Three programmers;
• Tester;
• Copywriter and content manager.

Depending on the focus of the projects, the ratio of designers and programmers in the company may change, and some employees may combine several positions.

There is often a situation where a project manager also serves as a technical writer and tester. And HTML layout can be performed, depending on the company and its business processes, by a designer, programmer or individual employee.

There is a big problem with highly qualified employees in the labor market.

It is very difficult to find such employees “off the street”, and the process of integrating them into the team is quite painful. You must always keep in mind that, regardless of the skill level of the new employee, he will be fully integrated into the work process only 1-2 months after the start of work. When hiring such employees, they go through several stages of selection. At the beginning, we look at the resume and study the portfolio, then we give a test task. Based on the results of the test task, the applicant is interviewed by the leading programmer, and after that an interview with the director.

The final hiring decision is made based on the combined results of each of these steps, with preference given to the opinion of the lead developer, since it is with him that the new employee will interact first.

Low-skilled employees are much easier to find. We usually work with them on one or two test projects and only after that we hire them on staff. The selection process in this case differs from the first option. At the first stage, we also look at the resume and portfolio, if there is one, after which the project manager conducts an interview and makes a decision on cooperation. If the cooperation is successful, the employee remains on staff or is added to the database of remote employees and is involved in future projects as needed.

The operating hours of an IT company are determined depending on the operating hours of the main clients.

The bulk of our customers are located in Moscow, so our working hours are from 10.00 to 19.00 Moscow time, regardless of where our employees are located. Some employees can vary their work schedule, observing the rule of at least 8 hours a day, but some employees are deprived of this privilege. If clients work from 10 to 19, sales managers and project managers must be on call at the same time.

The time it takes to complete one order varies from several days to several months, depending on the complexity, urgency and volume of the task. At the same time, you need to understand that not a single person can work 24 hours a day, no matter how much the director of the company or clients would like it. In order to avoid missing deadlines, overlapping tasks and constantly switching employees from one task to another, we use a planning system. Thanks to this, each employee knows exactly what he will do tomorrow, has a fairly clear work plan for the next week and an approximate work plan for the month.

All tasks received from clients are formulated in the system, assigned to a specialist and planned according to the date and time of completion. The only exceptions are very urgent tasks:

if something breaks in a client's running project, this is a very good reason to postpone all other tasks and devote resources to fixing the problem.

Our practice has shown that the location of the office does not matter for clients; it is much more convenient for them to meet in their own territory. The presence of an office in the center can confirm the high status of the company, but it is definitely not worth incurring huge costs because of this. Therefore, when choosing an office, you can only take into account how convenient it will be for employees to get to it, and it is entirely possible to locate it on the outskirts, but within transport accessibility.

If employees work in an office, it is also advisable to consider how convenient it will be for them to go to lunch - are there canteens, cafes and restaurants nearby, or is it easier to organize lunch delivery to the office. It is highly advisable to have a cooler, tea, coffee and sweets in the office. Having a microwave and multicooker is also not a direct necessity, but it adds convenience.

We have abandoned the office, and our employees are happy because they do not have to waste time on the road, and they are free to choose where to work. ​​​​​​​

There are no requirements for IT companies in terms of layout and ceiling height, but the room must be light and spacious enough so that employees do not sit on each other’s heads. It is advisable to plan the placement of specialists so that they have a feeling of isolation from each other.

The maximum area depends on the number of workers simultaneously in the office and common sense. The office should be spacious and comfortable enough for all employees to feel comfortable in it. At the same time, people working on the same project must be in direct access to each other.

As for contracts and documents for premises, as a rule, an IT company chooses an office in an office center, and there the owner of the premises or the management company deals with these issues. Therefore, an IT company only needs a rental agreement. However, this agreement must be given careful attention when concluding in order to avoid pitfalls in the form of a sudden increase in rent or an unexpected request to urgently vacate the premises.

Documentation

EmployeesIT companies produce an intellectual product, so it is necessary to resolve the issue of copyright for it.

As for working with the customer, there are two options. In the first case, we reserve copyright. And in the second, if an individual design or individual visualization elements are developed, we transfer non-exclusive rights to them to the customer. That is, he can use them, but cannot resell them. At the same time, the authorship remains with us. This is necessary so that we can add the work to our portfolio and add authorship to the client’s website.

Opening checklist

Is it profitable to open

In order to determine the cost of fulfilling an order, you must first understand exactly what the cost per hour of the company’s work is. It consists of fixed and variable costs divided by the average number of working hours per month.

Knowing the cost is important, first of all, because at the initial stage of work, without a good portfolio, it will be very difficult to receive expensive projects and you will have to be content with little, and sometimes even give additional discounts. Knowing the cost, you can rely on it, understanding exactly how far you can move in price while incurring acceptable costs.

The price for fulfilling an order is determined based on the costs that the company will incur for its implementation, the inherent risks and the desired profit. If the company exists for a long time and works on standard orders, some types of work can later be included in a price list, since the average cost of these works will be known in advance.

In general, the calculation is performed based on an estimate of the projected time for the project. For the most accurate estimate, it is important at the design stage to break the project into small tasks so that each of them takes no more than 8-12 hours. This will reduce the likelihood of error to a minimum. ​​​​​​​

In general, our calculation looks something like this: number of estimated hours * cost per hour of the company's work * 1.3 (risk adjustment factor; may vary) * N, where N is the profit factor. The company owner determines it independently, guided by common sense and his own greed.

A very important aspect of the company’s work is the preparation of technical specifications for projects. Determining the exact cost of a project without having detailed technical specifications is a grave mistake that company employees can make.

In our company, the project work is structured as follows:

• Obtaining a problem statement
• Preparation of proposal with preliminary assessment
• Conclusion of a contract for technical specifications
• Design, development of detailed technical specifications and project prototypes
• Coordination of technical specifications and prototypes
• Signing of closing documents for the development of technical specifications
• Drawing up a detailed estimate for the project
• Signing a project development agreement
• Execution of work on the project
• Signing closing documents for the project.

Depending on the scope of the project, work may be divided into additional stages performed under separate contracts.

When developing projects, we try to follow the rule: “You need to eat a big elephant in small pieces.” The more pieces, the less chance of error.

If you do not attract any additional investments and reduce investments to a minimum, you can reach the “zero” point with the first 1-2 contracts.

The main thing is not to work without advance payment, no matter how much they try to persuade you. ​​​​​​​

The absence of an advance payment automatically reduces the degree of responsibility of the customer for the project, and as a result, a situation may arise when you have completed all the work, and the client has disappeared. We take a 50% advance payment, and this amount includes most of the project costs.

It is very difficult to estimate the number of orders and the average bill, since projects can be of very different levels. Theoretically, 3 projects with a check of 150 thousand rubles will be equivalent to 30 projects with a check of 15 thousand rubles. But in fact, 2 projects of 300 thousand rubles each can be in work at the same time. with a scope of work for 2 months and an even distribution of project amounts for this period, 3 projects of 100 thousand each and 5 projects of 25 thousand each. All of them can be at different stages, carried out by different specialists and form receivables that accumulate over time.

The payback period depends on the costs at the initial stage, as well as on the size of the company’s operating expenses, including the level of salaries of specialists.

It is important to realistically assess the possibilities in terms of the number and level of projects for which contracts can be concluded at the initial stage.

If you hire an employee with a salary of 100 thousand rubles, and enter into 2 contracts per month for 25 thousand rubles, you definitely won’t last long.

Another important point: the more complex the projects you want, the higher the cost of attracting a client and the longer the period from the moment of first contact to the conclusion of the contract.

In this case, with the same employee on a salary of 100 thousand rubles, the following situation may arise: you have a potential client with a project worth 1 million rubles, you happily hire the employee, pay him a salary for 2-3 months while you negotiate with the client, and only after that you receive the first tranche from the client. It’s good if he covers the expenses incurred, but what if the deal falls through? This probability also exists exactly until the money arrives in your current account.

Risk reduction occurs through more thorough preparatory work with the client before concluding a contract. We do not aim to conclude an agreement at any cost. Our main task is to build long-term relationships with each client, and this is only possible when he trusts us as professionals, and we trust him as a customer.

There are several risks, we have encountered all of them:

• Insolvency of the client - the client starts a large-scale project, but in the middle of the project he runs out of funds, or the project loses relevance. To minimize this risk, we break large projects into many stages with payment tied to them. This allows you to understand in time that funding is stopping and lose a minimum of time and money.
• Lack of technical specifications - sometimes sales managers are very tempted: “Guys, we have a client for 500 thousand, let’s work quickly, sign an agreement, to hell with the technical specifications.” And then it turns out that the client has million-dollar wants, but he refuses to pay for them, arguing: “And your manager promised me that everything will be as I want.”
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Hello, dear readers of the RichPro.ru website! Today in our article we will talk about registering an LLC and the nuances of opening it, namely how to open an LLC yourself according to our step-by-step instructions. If you follow all the tips, recommendations and nuances of opening, then the process of creating your own Limited Liability Company will not take much time and effort.

Having decided to create his own organization, a businessman faces the question of choosing a form of ownership. The most popular are individual entrepreneur registration And LLC creation. Each form of ownership has positive and negative features.

From this article you will learn:

• LLC - what is it: decoding and definition;
• How to open an LLC yourself - step-by-step registration instructions;
• List of required documents and actions;

If you want to know the answers to these and more questions, then read our article further. So let's go!

Documents for LLC registration - step-by-step instructions + tips and tricks




OOO(Limited Liability Company)— This form of ownership, which implies the creation of an enterprise, the role of founders of which can be 1 or more persons. LLC has legal status.

The main features characterizing the Company are:

• Authorized capital, which the enterprise must have;
• Number of founders. A Company can be created by 1 or several persons;
• Distribution of responsibility. Members of the Society are responsible for organizational issues only with funds included in the authorized capital.

The form of ownership has one significant difference from others. The level of risks and profits of the founder of the company depends from the amount of funds that were contributed to pay the authorized capital.

When, in the process of work, an organization has a debt to creditors and it urgently needs to be repaid, but the company does not have funds, it can be taken from the authorized capital. If the amount to repay the debt is not enough, the owners of the company duty will not be charged. They don't risk anything.

Society can be organized 1m a person with the status of an individual. The founder of the enterprise will be its sole founder. An upper threshold has been established for the Company regarding the number of persons included in its composition.

As founders of the organization no more than 50 members can speak. If the legal limit on the number of participants is exceeded, the Company will automatically transform into OJSC or PC.

The Company's Charter serves as the main document regulating the activities of the organization. All creators must take part in its compilation.

Each member has the right to leave the organization without giving reasons. The opinions and views of other LLC participants will not be taken into account.

Upon a member's resignation, the LLC is obligated to pay the leaving member the value of the portion of the business that the member owned.

If the organization does not have the funds available to pay, it can issue the required amount in property. The procedure must be carried out in 3 months from the time the participant left.

The authorized capital of a company may include Not only money. Members of the Society can use as investments:

• Cash capital;
• Papers of value;
• Rights that have been assessed in monetary terms.

When the Articles of Association do not contain information to the contrary, the company will be organized without a period of operation.

2. The procedure for registering an LLC in 2019 - necessary documents and actions for beginning entrepreneurs 📝

When the decision to officially register a company has been made, the entrepreneur will need to submit to the registrar list of documents. They should be issued in the manner required by law. The established form must be strictly adhered to.

Then the aspiring entrepreneur will have to take and choose a number of legally significant actions.

1. Company name

Here a businessman can show his imagination. By the way, the company name can be tied to the type of business. (We recommend reading an interesting article about). There are a number of requirements for the name of the Company and they must be adhered to.

Otherwise, officially register the company as an LLC it won't work .

The name can only be given in Russian. It is allowed to use only characters of the Russian alphabet. If the owner needs, then numbers can be included in the name.

Same name 2 There shouldn't be any organizations. If the name of the company coincides with an existing LLC, the registrar will refuse to carry out the creation procedure. For this reason, an entrepreneur should go to the tax authority and find out in advance whether there is another organization that is already using this name in practice.

2. Legal address

Messages for the organization from government agencies will be sent to the address included in the documentation. The tax inspectorate will also come there to carry out scheduled inspections.

The law allows the place of residence of one of the owners, who must subsequently take the place of director, to be used as the official address of an LLC.

But it is better to indicate the actual address of the office where the management of the registered enterprise will be permanently located.

When it is planned to draw up a lease agreement for the office in which the management will be located, then in order to create a legal address it is necessary to transfer to the body conducting the registration procedure of the Company, letter of guarantee. Ownership of the registered address must be documented.

3. Types of activities

When creating an LLC, an entrepreneur will have to choose types of activities. No more can be selected 20 for one company. The selection is made according to the OKVED classifier. It should be studied in detail.

The first code must match main activity. When choosing taxation, the types of activities that the company carries out are taken into account. All modern organizations are multifunctional.

Therefore, you usually need to select several OKVED codes.

4. Authorized capital

The registration authority will not carry out the operation to create the Company if there is no authorized capital. Its size should be at the level of 10 thousand rubles. To complete the payment procedure, the LLC name will need to register a bank account.

After the enterprise starts operating, it will be re-registered as the Company's current account. When an organization is created by several founders, it is required to indicate the amount of the capital of each of the members of the Society. Based on the amount of funds contributed to pay the authorized capital, the owners will be paid an amount from the income that the enterprise will bring in the future.

After depositing the amount established by law into the savings account, the founders of the LLC can dispose of the funds at your own request. However, if the authorized capital has been spent, it must be replenished by the end of the month.




3. Documents for opening an LLC - list of documents for registration 📋

Having dealt with organizational issues, the entrepreneur must begin the procedure for collecting documentation. Registration of legal entities requires time and financial costs.

Documents for registering an LLC should be prepared in accordance with tax requirements. If an error is found during the verification process, the businessman will be denied the opportunity to create a company. The collected state duty is not refundable.

To create a Society you will need:

• Statement;
• A documented decision to create an organization;
• A receipt confirming payment of the state duty;
• If the planned type of activity meets the requirements of the simplified tax system, a statement of desire to make contributions to the state under the simplified tax system will be required;
• Letter of guarantee;
• Confirmation of payment of the authorized capital or, if the capital is contributed in property form, a certificate of its sufficient level;
• Selected OKVED codes.

💡 The listed documents for opening an LLC can be prepared either independently or by seeking help from companies that prepare documents for individual entrepreneurs and legal entities.

4. List of main constituent documents of LLC

To start operating an LLC, you will need to have constituent documents.

The list includes:

• LLC Charter;
• TIN certificate;
• OGRN certificate;
• OKVED codes that suit the functions of the organization;
• Extract from the register of organizations having the status of legal entities. When compiling it, you should rely on the 2016 sample;
• Information about the owners;
• Minutes of the meeting of founders.

List of constituent documents may need to be supplemented depending on the current situation. If there are legal entities among the founders of the LLC, the list of documents will need to include photocopies their constituent documents.

All founders of the organization are involved in the development of the LLC charter. If difficulties arise during the preparation, they have the right to contact organizations that provide assistance in completing the registration procedure. The document can be based on the charter of an already functioning Company.

You can download a sample charter with one founder using the link below:

(docx, 185 Kb)

You can download a sample charter with several founders from the link below:

(docx, 140 Kb)

The document must contain information about:

• LLC name;
• The procedure for the exit of founders;
• LLC location and contact information;
• Information on the amount of funds in the authorized capital;
• Information about the structure;
• The procedure for making and implementing management decisions;
• The procedure for the exit of members of the organization;
• The procedure for storing and providing information and documents about the founders of the LLC;
• Information about the rights and obligations of owners and members of the organization;
• Information on the distribution of responsibilities between divisions of the LLC;
• The procedure for storing and providing information and documents about LLC participants.

The Charter may prescribe actions in the event of nuances that directly relate to the amount of reserve funds. They regulate the sequence of decision-making that is associated with concluding transactions involving large sums of money. The Articles of Association must stipulate issues regarding the procedure for introducing amendments to the Articles of Association of the Company.

The next most important constituent documents of an LLC are The minutes of meetings of the founders of the organization are considered. They must be formatted correctly. Their formation directly depends on the LLC participants. The protocol will need to be submitted to the local government agency that will deal with the procedure for creating the Company. It records all important decisions made by the management of the LLC.

The preparation of the minutes should be carried out by the secretary, who records the decisions that were made during the meeting. To make his task easier, it is recommended to create a letterhead for the organization.

The very first protocol approves the adoption of the LLC Charter.

The document must be filled out in the following form:

• The name of the Company is indicated at the top of the form;
• Then the details of the LLC and contact information must be entered;
• The document must contain a complete list of founders with their passport details and contact information;
• There must be information about the amount of funds in the authorized capital;
• Information on the appointment of persons to the position of chairman of the meeting and to the position of secretary is required.

When drawing up a document, you should describe in detail the issues brought up for discussion, as well as contain information about the final decision.




Step-by-step instructions on how to open an LLC yourself - 10 steps to registering an LLC

5. How to open an LLC on your own in 2019 - step-by-step registration instructions 📑

Having thought about the problem of how to register an LLC on your own, to achieve the goal, the entrepreneur must follow a certain sequence of actions according to step-by-step instructions.

Step 1. Study the legislation on the basis of which the company should carry out its activities

Having decided to officially register an enterprise, the future owner must turn to the law. It will help you gain an understanding of the preparation of documents and the nuances of LLC work.

A detailed study of the laws will allow the entrepreneur to find answers to his main questions.

Step 2. Select activities

First of all, an entrepreneur must decide what he plans to do. Having chosen the type of activity, you need to select the appropriate OKVED code. The classifier can be studied by downloading it on the Internet. The entrepreneur can choose up to 20 matching codes. They should be indicated when filling out form No. P 11001.




The first should be the code corresponding to the main activity that the enterprise plans to perform.

Step 3. Select the LLC name

Choosing a suitable name for your business should be done before registering it. Here the entrepreneur is free to choose any name he likes for the company. However, in the title you can use only letters of the Russian alphabet.

The name of the company should not repeat the names of other companies. To clarify this issue, the entrepreneur will need to visit the tax office.

The name should not be associated with the type of activity performed. During the operation of the company, circumstances may develop such that an occupation that does not generate profit will have to be changed.

A name reflecting previous activity in a new field may look like funny, and for re-registration it will be necessary making amendments to a whole range of documents.

Marketers have found out, that the name consisting of 1 noun and 1 adjective.

Step 4. Determine the number of founders

If an organization is created 1 owner, then during the registration operation he will have significantly fewer difficulties.

If an entrepreneur has the status of an individual, then upon registration he is automatically appointed to the position of director of the company and performs the role of its chief accountant. All profits from the activities of the enterprise will belong only to him.

In practice, in most cases it turns out that the Society decides to create 2 or more founder. The reason is the need to formally divide the organization's income between its members.

To create an enterprise, they will need to draw up the Charter of the Company with several founders. It must be included in the list of documents that are planned to be submitted to the registration authority.

Without the Charter, it will not be possible to go through the creation procedure. If there are no errors in the documents, the registrar will carry out the procedure for officially creating the Company.

Step 5. Form the authorized capital of the enterprise

Authorized capital - this is the amount of money and property that an enterprise must have to provide guarantees to creditors. Without it, state registration will not be carried out.

The amount of capital must be included in the information contained in the constituent documents. It is documented that the amount of capital must be equal to 10 thousand rubles. This value is minimal. In practice, the company's capital is usually much larger. This is permitted by law.

When it is planned to carry out activities that fall into the list of types of functioning that require a larger authorized capital, the amount for registering an enterprise may significantly exceed the minimum threshold.

To carry out the procedure for paying the authorized capital, the following methods are provided:

• Transfer of capital to the account;
• Contribution to payment of the authorized capital of the property;
• Depositing securities;
• Payment of authorized capital with rights;

Before contacting the tax office for the official creation of the Company, the founders must pay a minimum 50 % from the authorized capital established in current legislation. The founders of the company must pay the remaining part within the established payment period, which is 1 year .

The countdown of the period begins from the time of receipt of documents confirming the official creation of the organization.

If an entrepreneur plans to use the recommended payment method, he needs to go to the bank and transfer the required amount to the company's account. In the future, the savings account will be converted into a current account.

Payment of the required amount must be made within Russian rubles. When the transaction is completed, the bank will issue the entrepreneur a check confirming payment. It should be attached to the list of documents as confirmation of the payment transaction.

If the check is missing, the registrar will not accept documents to carry out the creation procedure. If during the procedure for paying the authorized capital only half of the amount is deposited, then the rest should be deposited into the company’s account no later than 1 year since its creation.

The reference date is considered to be the time of issuance of documents that are issued during the procedure for creating the Company and confirm its official registration.

The owners of the company have the right to invest the property of which they are the owners as payment for the authorized capital.

To carry out the operation the following can be used:

• Equipment;
• Property that can be sold;
• Assets.

At the moment, the authorized capital is contributed exclusively in cash.

Step 6. Select a legal address

The law stipulates that the permanent place of residence of the executive body of the enterprise should be registered as the registration address of the company. For society, his role is played by the person holding the position of general director of the company.

The company registration address must be present. Its presence is required so that, if necessary, the executive body can be quickly found. For example, if you urgently need hand over or get important documents.

If the address is missing, the procedure for creating a company will not be carried out. The owner of the enterprise must ensure its availability before registration. The address can be the place of residence of the director of the LLC or an office.

If you plan to rent a premises, registration requires that the package of documents include letter of guarantee. In addition, you will need to document its ownership.

If you can’t find real estate to register an address, you can purchase it. Providing an address on a paid basis is carried out by companies that own premises suitable for registration. It is easy to find companies providing such services. They all have pages on the Internet. Therefore, it is enough to type the query “” into the search engine. The request should include the name of the city in which the organization will operate.

The cost of services is based on the region in which the place of registration of the address is located. Yes, for Moscow and other big cities will have to pay for similar services 1500 – 2000 rubles. The fee is charged monthly.

A legal address is acquired for a certain period. Typically its duration is 6 – 12 months. The longer the address rental period, the less you will have to pay for 1 month. Buying in bulk is always cheaper.

Practice shows that Companies very rarely carry out activities in the premises that were registered as the legal address. In the documents there are columns “legal” and “actual” location. For this reason, the premises that belong to the entrepreneur are suitable for indicating the registration address of the company.

If it is missing, then you can ask friends who own suitable real estate. Surely they will make a significant discount.

Step 7. Complete the documents and send them for registration

Having dealt with organizational issues, the entrepreneur must:

1. Submit an application, which is completed according to the sample No. P 11001. The prepared document must contain information about the full list of founders and planned activities. ()
2. Fill out the permission of the founders of the Company to carry out the transaction. The original document must be submitted to the government agency.
3. Provide the previously prepared Charter of the Company. You will need 2 copies of the document.
4. The list of documents must include a check, which confirms payment of the state duty for the procedure for creating the Company. The businessman must pay funds, the amount of which is equal to 4 thousand rubles.
5. If the simplified tax system can be used for the operation of the enterprise, it is necessary to attach a completed application about the desire to make contributions to the state under the simplified tax system.
6. A letter of guarantee must be included in the list of documents to be created. In addition, you will need documents confirming that the legal address of the premises is owned by the landlord.
7. If the founder of the organization contributed a sum of money to pay the authorized capital, it is necessary to attach a check confirming the transaction. If the entrepreneur chose to contribute property, then an expert opinion is required.

The collected documents must be submitted to the authority involved in the registration procedure.

If you encounter any difficulties while collecting documents, you can contact organizations that provide assistance in registering forms of ownership. For a certain amount, they will help resolve any issues that arise.

When paying for the operation to create an organization, the company will take control of the documentation procedure and help complete it as quickly as possible. When using the company's services, there is a greater chance of completing the registration procedure. Otherwise, there is a risk of making a mistake and losing the amount contributed as payment of the state duty.

Step 8. Receive documents

The registration authority conducts a thorough check of the collected documents. If an error is found, the state registrar will demand that the mistake be corrected.

If the entire list of documents is completed correctly, he will accept them and issue the appropriate receipt to the entrepreneur. Within up to 5 days, the Society will be officially registered.

By contacting the tax office, the entrepreneur will be able to get back all the documents that he submitted during registration, and certificate, confirming the opening of the company. It will be needed when making a seal.

The received documents must be carefully studied and checked for errors and inconsistencies. The human factor can play a role.

Therefore, it is worth carefully reviewing all points of the received document. If no errors are found, the Company has passed the official registration procedure.

However, several issues still need to be resolved before official activities begin.

Step 9. Order a print

After receiving the documents, the business owner must order a seal. This item is compulsory to start the functioning of the Company.

You can order a seal from a company whose main activity is the sale of such products. The entrepreneur should take the constituent documents of the organization. Otherwise, the enterprise may refuse to produce business attributes.




To obtain a seal you may need:

• TIN certificate;
• OGRN.

Representatives of the selected company will offer the entrepreneur to choose the required design from the available product catalog. The appearance of the seal does not play a special role. For this reason, an entrepreneur can choose any option he likes. You won't be able to get the stamp right away. Will have to wait. You should purchase ink for the product along with it.

The seal is required when executing transactions, concluding contracts and in all other cases when an entrepreneur certifies documents on behalf of the Company.

Step 10. Open a current account for LLC

The company cannot operate without a current account. It must be opened immediately after the creation procedure in the body that performed the registration.

The choice of bank must be carried out with the utmost seriousness. An agreement has to be concluded with him. To do this, the entrepreneur will need to collect a list of documents. , we wrote in the previous article.

In order for a company to acquire a current account, a businessman will need:

• Consultant assistance;
• Package of documents;
• Capital for payment.

Checking account – This account of a legal organization, the main functions of which are:

• Storing funds;
• Implementation of non-cash payment procedures with partners.

The account greatly simplifies the performance of many financial-related procedures. Its presence is mandatory. Without an account, the company will not be registered.

At the time of opening, the account is assigned a unique number. It consists of a specific set of characters that will appear in many documents of the organization.

Having an account with the Company allows it to:

• Significantly simplify the calculation process;
• Safely store and ensure the movement of funds;
• The law specifies that a current account is included in the list of “demand deposits.”

When the reporting period is completed, a certain interest will be accrued on the remaining capital that continues to be kept in the bank.

To create a current account, an entrepreneur will need to collect documents. The list of documentation required to open an account includes:

• Application for creating a current account. It must be filled out in advance. The form is issued by the selected bank;
• Sample signature of the LLC director;
• Photocopy of the constituent agreement;
• Photocopy of the Company's Charter;
• A photocopy of an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities;
• Sample signature of the chief accountant of the Company;
• Photocopy of registration certificate;
• Documented information on the appointment of the director;
• Documented information on the appointment of the Company's accountant;
• Seal impression.

All photocopies of documents must undergo certification by a notary . The bank will carry out all payment transactions only if the business attributes specified during registration are available.

After completing the procedure for providing a complete package of documents, the procedure for concluding an agreement for servicing the account takes place between the bank and the Company.

It states:

• Assigned account number;
• Date of signing the contract;
• The date on which the document comes into force;
• List of banking services provided and terms of their use;
• Cost of providing banking services.

You should choose a bank responsibly.

A businessman must be guided by the following criteria:

• The location of the main office of the selected bank and its distance from the LLC;
• Cost of services provided and availability of commissions;
• Reputation of the bank and its rating.

An entrepreneur must compare several institutions according to selected criteria and give preference to a bank with suitable conditions. For example, are there additional , insurance and payment security, and so on.




Types of LLC taxation - tax amounts

6. Taxation of LLC (OSNO, USN, UTII, Unified Agricultural Tax) - types and amounts of taxes 💸

During the procedure for the official creation of the Company or within the established time frame after it, the entrepreneur must select a taxation system according to which funds will be deducted in favor of the state. If a businessman does not select a suitable system, the new organization will automatically fall under BASIC.

1. BASIC

A company making payments under OSNO must pay general taxes and provide reporting on them.

BASIC consists of:

• Property tax. The object of taxation is the property of the organization. Exceptions include movable fixed assets that were taken onto the balance sheet after 2012. The amount of tax is established by the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The number of payments to the state cannot exceed the amount of 2,2 % .
• Income tax. Payments are made from net profit. The amount of contributions to the state is at the level of 20% . 2% from the tax will be sent to the federal budget, and 18 % transferred in favor of the subject.
• VAT. Profit is taxed. The bet size is at the level of 18 % . The legislation provides that the rate may be reduced to 10% or absent altogether. The level of VAT, which is included in settlements with partners, is subtracted from the tax amount.

For large organizations that work with VAT, it is more profitable to interact with suppliers who also pay this type of tax. A large customer will choose an organization that makes contributions to the state budget under OSNO.

However, for small businesses the tax system unprofitable And complicated. Its main negative features are:

• The presence of strict VAT reporting rules;
• Complex tax calculation system;
• The tax burden is higher than with other types of taxation.

When close cooperation with large companies is not planned, from BASIC It's better to refuse.

2. simplified tax system

When the type of occupation makes it possible to do this, an entrepreneur can choose the simplified tax system.

simplified tax system– a tax regime designed specifically for small business owners. The specialists pursued the goal of significantly reducing the tax burden and facilitating reporting. This was done by the state to encourage citizens to engage in small business. Because of this, the simplified tax system has a whole range of positive aspects. These include:

• The presence of 1 tax, instead of 3;
• The need to transfer payments to the state once per quarter;
• The need to submit reports only once a year.

Taxation is carried out at 2 rates. These include:

• Rate 6%. The object of taxation is the profit received by the enterprise. The rate is fixed;
• Rate 5-15%. Its level may vary based on the location of the enterprise, the functions performed and a range of other reasons. The object of taxation is income. In this case, the amount of expenses must be deducted from them.

Based on the range of services provided or functions of the organization, an entrepreneur can choose the appropriate tax rate. In both cases, the level of payments can be reduced by an amount equal to the amount of deductions Pension Fund And FSS.

Having studied the calculation data, specialists were able to reveal that:

• If the organization's expenses are at a level that is less 60 % on the size of its profit, it is more profitable to choose a fixed bet equal to 6 % ;
• If the cost level is more than 60% depending on the size of the organization’s profit, you should choose the second taxation option.

An enterprise cannot be taxed immediately 2 – by different types of rates or change the selected tax option if the reporting year has not yet ended. However, it is possible to change the selected taxation system after its completion.

To carry out the transaction, it is necessary to send a notification to the tax authority. The procedure must be completed before December 31st. At the same time, the level of profit of the enterprise for 9 months of operation should not exceed the level of 45 million rubles.

Having chosen the appropriate tax rate, the entrepreneur must submit a notice of his decision. You will need a document in quantity 2 copies. The notification must be submitted at the time of registration procedures.

When this cannot be done, the decision to switch to the simplified tax system should be transferred no later than 30 days after the official establishment of the company. Otherwise, it will be possible to switch to the taxation system only next year.

There are restrictions on the use of the simplified tax system. Not all organizations fall under it.

Taxation under the simplified tax system cannot be carried out if:

• The organization carries out activities that do not involve making contributions to the state under the simplified tax system. The list includes organizations performing the functions of banks and notary offices.
• The company has a large share of other organizations. In order for a company to qualify for contributions under the simplified tax system, the share of other enterprises in it must be no more than 25%.
• The company has too many employees. An organization can make contributions to the budget according to the simplified tax system if the number of personnel does not exceed 100 people.
• If there are residual funds on the company’s balance sheet, the value of which is 100 million rubles. Work under the simplified tax system can only be carried out with a smaller amount.

If the company's annual income exceeds 60 million rubles, multiplied by the deflator coefficient, the company loses the right to make contributions to the budget under the simplified tax system.

3. UTII

An LLC can make payments to the state and under UTII. The entrepreneur will need to pay 1 tax instead 3. Its size does not depend on the amount of profit, but is calculated based on other indicators:

• The type of activity being carried out;
• The size of the area where activities for the sale of goods are carried out;
• Numbers of employees.

Only certain activities are subject to UTII. The list includes:

• Retail sales of products;
• Functioning in the field of public catering;
• Carrying out household operations.

Records must be kept for each type of activity separately.

The UTII size is calculated based on the formula:

UTII = DB x FP x K1 x K2 x 15%.

BD – basic profitability for the type of activity performed,

FP – actual indicator,

K1 – coefficient 1,

K2 – coefficient 2.

DB And K1-2 are at the same level for all organizations. The actual indicator is the one used to calculate the tax. This could be the type of activity, number of employees, area where products are sold, and so on.

Tax reporting is provided by organizations making payments to the state under the UTII system, quarterly. Payments must also be made once per quarter.

Not every company can make contributions to the state under UTII. There are a number of restrictions. UTII is not suitable for a company if:

• The type of activity being carried out does not fall under the taxation system;
• The company employs more than 100 people;
• The share of other enterprises is more than 25%.

You can change the method of deductions from OSNO to UTII throughout the current year, and from the simplified tax system only when the next one begins.

4. Unified agricultural tax

Another type of taxation under which an LLC can make payments to the state is the unified agricultural tax. According to the calculation, the Unified Agricultural Tax is similar to the simplified tax system. The system can be chosen by an organization whose 70% of income was obtained from the sale of agricultural products. The advantages of the Unified Agricultural Tax include:

• Ease of tax calculation;
• Ease of reporting.

However, there is also a number of disadvantages .

You cannot choose a tax system if:

• The activity being carried out does not fall under it;
• The scale of production exceeds the permissible level.

Which is better to choose an individual entrepreneur or LLC?

7. What is better to open an individual entrepreneur or LLC - pros and cons 📊

Having decided to choose a taxation system, an entrepreneur often finds it difficult to make the final choice. AND IP, And Society have a number of benefits And shortcomings. When thinking about choosing a form of ownership, an entrepreneur should know about them.

The procedure for creating an individual entrepreneur involves the creation of a business, in which an entrepreneur who has the status of an individual must undergo a registration operation. Officially obtaining the status of an individual entrepreneur and starting to carry out activities is much easier than creating an LLC. We have already written about how to register and what documents are needed in the article -. However, the form of ownership has a number of negative features.

Pros of IP

The positive aspects of going through the procedure for creating an individual entrepreneur include:

• Simple registration procedure. Having decided to obtain individual entrepreneur status, an entrepreneur will be able to collect the entire list of required documents on his own. No need to contact a lawyer.
• Low cost. To go through the procedure for creating an individual entrepreneur, the future entrepreneur will have to pay only 800 rubles.
• Minimum list of documents. When receiving individual entrepreneur status, a businessman must provide: an application for state registration, filled out in form P 21001; photocopy of TIN; photocopy of passport; a check confirming payment of the state duty; if a businessman plans to make payments to the state budget under the simplified tax system, upon registration he will need to fill out an application about his desire to make contributions to the state under this system;
• Reporting is much easier. A businessman who has registered as an individual entrepreneur does not have to maintain accounting reports. There is no requirement to have an accountant in the organization and to purchase specialized expensive programs.
• Profits can be used without logging. The decision to use it is made by the businessman independently.
• Attributes for doing business, such as a seal, a current account, etc., are desirable, but not necessary.
• Type of ownership does not require authorized capital and charter.
• Individual entrepreneurs not subject to unified social tax. The state does not oblige them to pay 9% of the income received. The innovation allows you to significantly reduce the waste of money.
• If it is necessary to liquidate a business, the procedure is much easier than a similar enterprise in organizations with legal status.
• Fewer problems with employees. When liquidating, an enterprise registered in the LLC form must pay compensation to hired workers. An individual entrepreneur is exempt from payments in the event of termination of operation. But when the agreement between the employee and the entrepreneur stipulates the opposite, then you will still have to make payments upon liquidation.
• No geographical restrictions. An individual entrepreneur has the right to operate without the need to register branches.

Disadvantages of IP

However, the form of ownership also has a number of disadvantages. These include:

• Individual entrepreneur responds with all property regarding your own business. If the form of ownership is liquidated, financial issues from the individual will not be removed. You will still have to bear responsibility for the business's debts.
• Business is run by one person. Investors for a company whose owner is an individual entrepreneur do not have the right to become co-founders of the business. Business property includes only the property of its owner.
• The business cannot be sold or another person appointed as owner. If an enterprise does not make a profit, then the law only provides for the procedure for its liquidation.
• Payments must be made to the pension fund, the size of which does not change over time. Payments are collected regardless of the amount of income. Even in the case of negative profits, the individual entrepreneur will be obliged to transfer a set amount to the pension fund. When a businessman makes a profit above the level of 300 thousand rubles, he must direct 1% of the income to pay contributions to the state. The amount charged is in excess of the established amount.
• There are restrictions on types of activities which the individual entrepreneur has the right to carry out. Without legal registration procedure. a person will not be able to: produce products that contain alcohol; provide insurance services; repair pyrotechnics; engage in the sale of military equipment.
• Some types of activities are subject to mandatory licensing. The list includes: activities related to passenger transportation and cargo transportation; activities for the sale and manufacture of pharmaceutical products; organizing the functioning of the investigation agency.
• You can go through the licensing procedure only after receiving the documents, confirming the official creation of the form of ownership.
• Performing some types of activities requires obtaining permission from authorities whose jurisdiction these matters lie.
• Possible problems when collaborating with other organizations. Many large companies have restrictions on cooperation with individual entrepreneurs. Large companies prefer not to interact with individual entrepreneurs.

The form of ownership has many advantages, but it is not capable of bringing the business to a high level. If a businessman plans to create a large-scale business, then it is better for him to immediately think about creating a Society.

The company is registered in the name of 1 or several founders. It has the status of a legal entity. The enterprise has its own property and can dispose of it.

Pros of LLC

The positive aspects of registering an LLC include:

• The organization is liable for debts to creditors only with its authorized capital. The property of the founders is not the property of the company. If the LLC is liquidated, the businessman is relieved of responsibility.
• Possibility of enterprise expansion. Attracting new members to the Society increases the amount of capital and allows the organization to increase its sphere of influence.
• The founders can control the functioning of the enterprise based on the size of the shares available (in the JSC). The more there are, the more significant the opinion of the founder ().
• There is no upper capital limit. This allows the organization to quickly expand and increase its sphere of influence. Property can act as capital.
• The founders have the right to leave the management team. Funds contributed to the capital of the enterprise must be returned to the investor leaving the Company. The organization has 4 months to complete the procedure.
• Creating an LLC increases customer confidence.
• The income of the enterprise is distributed among the participants of the LLC, according to the amount prescribed in the charter. Distribution can be made in equal shares or in proportion to the amount invested in capital.
• The form of ownership allows for control over the sale of shares. An LLC participant may prohibit the sale of the part he owns.
• If the company is making losses or such a possibility may occur in the near future, it can be sold or another person can be appointed owner.

Cons of LLC

The negative aspects of creating an LLC include:

• Difficulty registering. A businessman will need to collect an extensive package of documents.
• High price. To register an LLC, you will need to have an authorized capital. For the creation of the Company, a state duty is charged, which currently amounts to 4,000 rubles.
• There is a limit on the number of organizers. The management of a company cannot have more than 50 owners at once. Any change in composition requires adjustments to the charter.
• Some types of taxation that LLC falls under will require the installation of specialized software for maintaining accounting records. You will have to buy the programs.
• There is a need to make additional tax payments if the enterprise uses specialized equipment.
• The form of ownership requires a lot of reporting. The position of an accountant must be present.
• The procedure for liquidating an enterprise is lengthy and fraught with difficulties. Hired workers must be paid money, the amount of which is specified in the contract. Referral to specialists is required.

When comparing forms of ownership, you can notice significant differences:

• An individual entrepreneur makes fixed payments. In an LLC, tax is paid on a percentage of the amount paid to the director and other employees. Cash flows are subject to tax at a rate of 6% according to the simplified tax system.
• An individual entrepreneur has restrictions on activities, while for an LLC there are none.
• An individual entrepreneur can make contributions to the state under the patent system, while for the Company there is no such opportunity.
• An individual entrepreneur may not be involved in accounting procedures. The state obliged the LLC to maintain accounting records.
• The procedure for creating an individual entrepreneur is based on the registration of the entrepreneur. The company must have a legal address.
• An individual entrepreneur belongs to 1 person, while up to 50 persons have the right to be owners of an LLC.
• Investors rarely cooperate with individual entrepreneurs due to the lack of specific responsibilities. LLC is attractive for investors because Additional responsibilities that investors need to fulfill can be written into the company’s charter.
• Individual entrepreneurs are subject to small fines. The maximum amount of payments for violation is 50 thousand rubles. An LLC may be subject to penalties of up to 1 million rubles.
• There is no opportunity to appoint a director, while the LLC takes full advantage of all aspects of this opportunity.
• An individual entrepreneur manages his profits and makes all business decisions. In an LLC, you can receive part of the capital from the current account only for certain needs. The procedure for making decisions on issues of economic importance is recorded.
• Individual entrepreneurs cannot be sold or re-registered. The company can be sold or registered in the name of another owner.

The choice of ownership should be based on the intended type of activity.

An individual entrepreneur should be registered if a businessman plans to:

• Trade products at retail;
• Provide various services to individuals;
• Open a company operating as a catering establishment.

If you plan to organize a large enterprise that plans to cooperate with other companies, then it is better to register the Company.

How much does it cost to register an LLC this year?

8. How much does it cost to open an LLC in 2019 - the estimated cost of registering a Limited Liability Company 💰

Having decided to open an LLC, a novice entrepreneur must understand in advance that a certain amount of money will be required to open it. If you have no money at all and there is no way to take it from the bank, then we recommend reading the article -. There we looked at the main ways how and where you can “find” urgent money.

To find out how much it costs to open an LLC, you must first decide which registration option to use.

An entrepreneur can:

1. Try to complete the operation of registering an LLC on one's own. He will need to pay a state fee. In 2019 it is at the level V 4,000 rubles (from 2019 when registering an LLC electronically, you don't have to pay state duty). Photocopies of documents may need to be notarized. In this situation, you have to pay for notary services, the cost of which is at the level V 1 thousand rubles . If all the founders were present during the transfer of documents in person, then certification is not required. Self-registration of LLC will bring invaluable experience and will save money that had to be spent on paying for the services of registrar companies. But there is a risk of making a mistake in preparing documents and losing money paid as state fees and for notary services. When a company does not have an address for registration, the businessman will have to find premises for its registration on his own.
2. Register a Society using registrars. Prices in specialized organizations vary greatly. In different cities you will have to pay from 2 thousand - 10 thousand rubles . The businessman will have to deposit the money himself as payment of the state duty and pay for the services of a notary. Going through the procedure with the help of registrars will protect against possible errors and save time. In addition, the registrar will assist in finding an address that can be registered as a legal address if it is missing. However, the use of such services is fraught with additional costs and will cause the businessman to have a superficial knowledge of his own constituent documents. There is a risk of dishonest use by the registrar of a businessman’s personal information.
3. Purchase LLC (Ready-made companies). The minimum price for an already created organization is minimum 20,000 rubles . In addition to the purchase, the businessman will have to pay a state fee. The amount is set at V 800 rubles . Still have to pay 1000 rubles for obtaining notary services. Purchasing a ready-made LLC allows you to purchase an organization with a history and lifespan. This opens up access to functions that become available only after a certain period of operation of the LLC. For example, participation in tenders. However, there is risk to buy LLC with existing debts. The fact can be revealed only after a certain period after the purchase.

When you decide to go through the registration procedure without outside help, you should prepare in advance for the following expenses:

• Payment of authorized capital. According to current legislation, you will need to pay 10 thousand rubles. Since 2014, the law has prohibited replacing part of the authorized capital with property. It must be paid in cash in full.
• Obtaining a legal address. If a businessman does not have his own suitable premises and cannot rent the required space, the address can be purchased. The initial payment for providing the address is from 5,000-20,000 rubles.
• Payment for notary services. If the founders are not present in person when submitting documents, their signatures on the application must be notarized. The notary will have to pay for the services 1000-1300 rubles.
• Payment of state duty. It is installed at level 4,000 rubles.
• Making a seal. To purchase it you will have to spend about 1000 rubles.
• Receiving a current account. You have to pay for the procedure from 0-2000 rubles.

In total, a businessman will have to spend about 15,000 rubles.

Questions regarding LLC registration

9. Frequently asked questions about opening (registration) LLC 📖

Let's also consider the issues that concern budding entrepreneurs.

1. What is LLC reorganization?

Reorganization is often confused with liquidation. These are different concepts.

Reorganization is not always carried out during a period when the company is experiencing losses. The procedure can be performed when expanding the organization. Reorganization can be carried out in different forms.

There are:

• In the form of accession. The responsibilities of one organization are completely transferred to another. After completing the procedure, the number of rights and responsibilities for employees of the affiliated company increases. The reason for the reorganization may be the presence of debt in the enterprise. The reorganized company voluntarily merges with another. Only 1 organization ceases to exist.
• In the form of a merger. Both legal entities cease to exist at once. A new company will be created in place of the previous organizations. The rights and obligations of firms are combined.
• By highlighting . Before the operation, there was 1 enterprise. After the reorganization, a new company is spun off from it. The first company continues to exist in its original form, but at the same time loses some of its responsibilities.
• By division. The original organization is divided into 2 new ones. At the same time, it ceases to exist. New businesses need to complete registration procedures with local tax authorities.

A businessman should not forget that when the company was decided to reorganize, must be notified immediately :

• Local tax office;
• Creditors;
• Off-budget funds.

The organization's creditors must be notified of the planned procedure in advance. They can continue cooperation with the businessman and become creditors of the new LLC. However, if they refuse, the law allows them to demand early repayment of obligations.

The issues that have arisen with creditors must be resolved, otherwise the reorganization process cannot be carried out.

Founder of LLC may qualify to receive part of the capital in the new enterprise or sell the part that belongs to him. At the same time, he will cease to be considered the founder of the organization.

To get help with the reorganization process, you can: contact the experts. Specialists will help reduce emerging problems to a minimum and help resolve issues. However, they will have to pay.

2. What is turnkey LLC registration?

The turnkey registration procedure consists of contacting a company that will help a businessman create an organization. The Company requires a wide range of documents.

If a businessman plans to go through the registration procedure on one's own, then he will need knowledge of the law. There are strict requirements for the package of documents.

If the entrepreneur makes a mistake, the registration authority will refuse him to create an LLC. The form of ownership is popular. For this reason, entrepreneurs often have to wait in long lines to obtain the required documents.

Turnkey registration significantly simplifies the creation procedure. The preparation of documents in the required form will be carried out by the company - registrar. However, you will have to pay for her services.

The company will help a businessman with:

• Preparation of a list of documents. The organization will bring the documentation into compliance with the prescribed form. The price for the service is 900 rubles.
• Submission of pre-prepared documents and independent receipt. The price for the service is 1000 rubles.
• Obtaining notary services. Their cost is 2100 rubles.
• Opening an account. You will have to pay 2 thousand rubles for the service.
• Buy a print. The cost of the service is 450 rubles.

The total price of the service for completing the turnkey registration procedure is at the level at 13,300 rubles. It includes the amount of state duty.

Firms involved in helping to create the Society are able to carry out other activities. It will be useful for a businessman:

• Preparation of a package of documents;
• Help in choosing a type of activity;
• Assistance in choosing a unique name for the organization;
• Assistance in choosing taxation;
• Assistance in completing the procedure for certification of documentation by a notary;
• Assistance in carrying out the operation to pay the state duty;
• Assistance in making a company seal;
• Assistance in carrying out the operation of submitting documents.

Lawyers of the registration company are able to advise a businessman on all issues, including the registration of offshore companies (We wrote about what an offshore company is and what types there are in our previous material).

Turnkey registration greatly simplifies the procedure for creating a new organization, but will entail additional costs.

3. State duty for registering an LLC in 2019

From January 1, 2019 You can register an LLC with the tax office for free(according to the provisions of Federal Law No. 234-FZ, which the President of the Russian Federation signed on July 29, 2018). But it should be taken into account that entrepreneurs who register a legal entity electronically are exempt from paying the state fee.

When registering an LLC in paper form (submitting documents not through an electronic signature), the amount of state duty in 2019 year is 4 thousand rubles.

Based on the article of the Tax Code, if an LLC is registered by several founders, then the state duty should be divided between them in equal parts. Everyone must contribute part of the amount to pay it. So, if the Company is created 2 – e, then they will have to pay 2 thousand rubles each.

Practice has revealed statistics that payment of the state duty is carried out only by one of the founders of the organization, who is responsible for carrying out registration actions. This method is not recommended for implementation.

In the letter, the Federal Tax Service states that payment of the state duty should be distributed among all the founders of the new organization. There are no penalties for neglecting the condition, but it is better to follow the instructions.

When paying the state duty, the entrepreneur must take into account that the date indicated in the receipt confirming payment it is forbidden prescribe before making a decision, which is the beginning of the procedure for creating an organization. Such a document will be considered void, and the registration authority will refuse to accept it. Payment will have to be made again.

The validity of the receipt, which is a document confirming the payment of the amount as a state duty, is not limited in time.

However, a businessman must take into account:

• If the state fee was paid, but the Company was not registered, the money can be refunded. But the operation must be carried out within 36 months from the date of contribution of capital as payment of state duty.
• If by the time the documents are submitted for registration the amount of the state duty has increased, the entrepreneur will have to pay the difference.

You can obtain details for paying state duty from the tax office. It is possible to make payments online.

To do this, a businessman must switch to the Federal Tax Service service. It can be found through an Internet search.

If the registrar, in the process of studying documents, discovers error, incompleteness or information inconsistency, entrepreneur will be refused in carrying out operations for state registration of the Company. The reasons for refusal must be provided to the applicant only on paper. A verbal explanation for refusal is unacceptable. In this case, return the amount paid as state duty, it will be impossible.

State bodies are guided by the fact that a fee is taken from a businessman not for registering the Company, but for carrying out legally significant operations, the list of which includes:

• Reception of documents;
• Verification of documents.

However, Article 333 of the Tax Code states 2 cases, in which the state duty must be returned. These include:

• Payment of state duty in an amount that exceeds the amount established by law;
• Refusal of persons to carry out the registration procedure until the documents are transferred to the body conducting registration operations.

Federal Tax Service will refuse to an entrepreneur in the return of state duty when the documents have already been sent to the tax office. There is an opportunity to return the funds paid if the businessman abandoned the desire to create the Company before submitting the list of documentation to the tax authority.

When a businessman is firmly convinced that he was unreasonably refused to return the paid state duty, he can file a complaint against the actions of the government body. The businessman should go to court, where the submitted application will be considered.

If violations are identified in the actions of the registration authority, it is obliged to re-accept the documents without re-paying the state fee. The likelihood of successfully completing registration increases.

Watch the video - How to open an individual entrepreneur - step-by-step instructions? What is better: individual entrepreneur or LLC?

10. Conclusion

The creation of the Company opens up additional opportunities for the entrepreneur. Despite the complexity of the registration process and the extensive package of documents, the creation of the Company is beneficial for a businessman.

LLC is a form of ownership for those entrepreneurs who plan to create a large business. Partners are more willing to cooperate with LLCs. IP is less trustworthy.

LLC has the opportunity to expand by attracting participants and capital. For a company, you can choose a profitable taxation system based on the activities carried out. Completing the Company registration procedure is one of the main steps that a businessman must overcome in an effort to create a business that generates high income.

Now you know how to open an LLC yourself, our step-by-step instructions covered the most detailed information on registering and opening a limited liability company, including all the necessary documents and actions.

P.S. If you have any questions, ask them in the comments after the article.

Video guide

Prostopravo TV talks about the advantages and disadvantages of the main forms of doing business in Ukraine.

A seal imprint cannot be a mandatory requisite of any document submitted by a business entity to a state authority or local government body. A copy of a document submitted by a business entity to a state authority or local government body is considered certified in the prescribed manner if such a copy bears the signature of an authorized person of such a business entity or the personal signature of an individual entrepreneur. A state authority or local government body does not have the right to require notarization of the accuracy of a copy of a document if such a requirement is not established by law.

The presence or absence of a company seal on a document does not create legal consequences.

The production, sale and/or purchase of seals is carried out without obtaining any permits.

Accordingly, changes have been made to the legislative acts regulating the activities of business entities of various organizational and legal forms to the effect that the seal is no longer a mandatory attribute of a legal entity. In addition, if previously the legislation established that the seal must reflect the name and identification code of the business entity, now the requirements for the content of the seal have been abolished.

Opening a bank account for a legal entity

To begin full-fledged work, a legal entity must open a current account in any commercial bank. You can compare RKO tariffs.

In accordance with the requirements of the Instructions on the procedure for opening, using and closing accounts in national and foreign currencies (NBU Resolution No. 492 of November 12, 2003), to open an account you must provide the following documents to the bank:

• application for opening a current account. The application is signed by the head of the legal entity or another authorized person;
• copies of the duly registered constituent document (charter / constituent agreement / constituent act / regulations). Legal entities whose constituent documents are posted on the electronic services portal do not submit a constituent document in paper form. Legal entities of public law that act on the basis of laws do not submit a constituent document. A legal entity created and/or operating on the basis of a model charter approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine submits a copy of the decision on its creation or on carrying out activities on the basis of a model charter signed by all founders;
• a card with samples of signatures and seal impressions, certified by a notary.

A person who opens a current account on behalf of a business entity must present a passport or other identification document. Representatives of legal entities must also provide documents confirming their authority. Resident individuals additionally present a document issued by the relevant state tax service authority, certifying their registration in the State Register of Individual Taxpayers.

To open a current account for the formation of the authorized or consolidated capital, share or indivisible fund of a business entity - a legal entity, you will need:

• an application for opening a current account, signed by a person authorized to open an account by the founders of a legal entity;
• one copy of the original constituent document or its copy certified by a notary. In the case of opening an account for the formation of the authorized capital of a joint-stock company, instead of a constituent document, an agreement / decision on the creation of a joint-stock company or a copy thereof certified by a notary is submitted;
• decision of the founders (participants) to determine the person who is granted the right to open and dispose of an account, which is drawn up in the form of a power of attorney certified by a notary (if at least one of the founders (participants) is an individual). Instead of the original power of attorney, a copy certified by a notary can be submitted to the bank.

In the case of opening a current account to form the authorized capital of a business company, the founder (participant) of which is one person, the following must be submitted:

• application for opening a current account. Information that an account is being opened to form the authorized capital of a business company, the founder (participant) of which is one person, is indicated in the “Additional information” line of the application for opening a current account;
• one copy of the original constituent document or its copy certified by a notary. In the case of opening an account for the formation (authorized capital) of a joint-stock company, instead of a constituent document, a decision on the establishment of a joint-stock company or a copy thereof certified by a notary is submitted;
• a power of attorney or a copy of a power of attorney in the name of the person who has the right to open and dispose of an account, certified by a notary. If the account is opened personally by the founder (participant), then this document is not required.

The funds of the founders (participants) are credited to this account for the formation of the authorized or compiled capital, share or indivisible fund of a legal entity before its state registration. This account begins to function as a current account only after the bank receives the documents necessary to open a current account, and the bank receives a response message or notification counterfoil about the registration of the account by the state tax service at the location of the legal entity.

Let us recall that at the moment for most organizational and legal forms of enterprises the minimum amount of authorized capital is not established by law. This means that it can be anything.

Online registration of a business entity

To carry out the procedure for state registration of a business entity, in this case an LLC, you must use the service of the Ministry of Justice at the link: https://online.minjust.gov.ua/

Just a few simple operations and you are the founder of an LLC.

All useful information about obtaining an electronic digital signature from the Accredited Center for Certification of Keys of Justice Authorities at the link.

You can obtain an electronic digital signature in any other way: for example, from the tax authorities or a bank.

and in the upper right corner click on the “Login” button.

After going to the authorization page (https://online.minjust.gov.ua/login), you must attach an Electronic Digital Signature by selecting a Key Certification Center; Then you should click the “Return” button, find your digital signature on the computer and enter the key protection password and click the “Read” button.

The user also has the opportunity to register and subsequently log in to the portal of electronic services “Online House of Justice” using a secure media (Crystal / Diamond, etc.). To do this, you need to connect the protected media to your computer, then select Key Certification Center, select the type media and enter the key protection password and click the Read button.

Change of digital signature

If you need to change your digital signature on the electronic service “Online Justice Booths”, you must perform the following steps:

On the portal page https://online.minjust.gov.ua/login you must authorize using a new digital signature by selecting the Key Certification Center;

The user also has the opportunity to register and subsequently log in to the electronic services portal “Online House of Justice” using a secure medium.

You need to connect the protected media to your computer, then select the Key Certification Authority, select the media type and enter the key protection password and click the Read button.

The registration process is carried out in your personal account. By selecting the “Register online” button, you have the opportunity to begin registration. Select the green button in the upper left corner of the “Create an application” screen and select in the drop-down window which business entity you want to register (legal entity or individual entrepreneur).

To register a legal entity, fill out the following information:

Don't forget to click the "Save" button.

And save by clicking the “Save” button.

On the tab "Zv'azok" We fill in information about phone numbers, email addresses, and Internet page addresses, if available, of course.

And, again, don’t forget to save.

If you have decided on the types of activities of your enterprise, you can limit yourself to entering their codes by selecting the “KVED” item. The system itself finds the type of activity and, after clicking the “Save” button, adds them to the application. The system does not limit the number of activities that can be included in the application.

Tab "Documenti", like the next tab "Scanned copies", has a number of secrets. Pay attention to the items marked with a red marker. These are the documents that must be marked for submission. Option documents are marked with a green marker: power of attorney (only in the case where the owner of the digital signature is not the founder, but an authorized representative), an application for the election of a simplified taxation system and a registration application for voluntary registration as a VAT payer.

If the founder (one of) your LLC is a legal entity, check the box about the document confirming the structure of owners of this legal entity.

Please note the following. An administrative fee is not charged for state registration of a business entity, but you must select the item on the document confirming payment of the registration fee; without this, the system will not allow you to proceed further. Apparently, the developers have not yet had time to adapt the portal to new legal requirements. Similarly, you need to select the clause on constituent documents even if your LLC will use a model charter, and you indicated this above.

Save your list of documents and move on to the next tab. Before you start working with the next step, you need to scan all your paper documents. And in this section, your scanned paper documents are uploaded to the portal. Please note the requirements for uploaded documents:

• image format: black and white;
• resolution: 150 x 150 dpi;
• color depth: 4 bits;
• finished file format: compressed multi-page. TIFF up to 300-900 kB in size;.
• Documents containing more than one page are scanned into one file.
• data compression algorithm: LZW.

If the files containing scanned documents are not signed with an electronic signature, select the option “Signing the entrusted file” and sign each downloaded file (select the file through the “Browse” and “Way” functions, indicate the location of the digital signature certificate, enter the password for the key and press the “Sign” button ). After signing the file, click the “Save” button and, if everything was done correctly, the file with the document will be uploaded to the portal. For your payment receipt, create a blank TIFF file, sign it, and upload it. The same applies to the Articles of Association, if you use the model LLC Articles of Association. Otherwise, the system will not allow you to proceed with further registration actions, namely submitting an application.

Once you have completed downloading the documents, go to the “Directors” tab. Add, as shown in the picture, the founders of legal entities and/or individuals, selecting the appropriate items.

You can skip the “Signatory” tab if, besides the director, no one else has the right to sign on behalf of your LLC.

Lastly, we enter the manager’s information:

We save the information and bypassing the “Videomosti shodo pay” tab, you can go directly to the “Subscribe” button. After clicking this button (1), the private key authorization window will appear. Enter the password (2) and click the “Sign” button (3) in the authorization window.

If all document files are signed, uploaded, and all necessary data is filled in, then your application will move to the “Signed” category.

After sending the document for processing, state registration of a business entity LLC must be carried out within 24 hours, provided, of course, that the data is filled out correctly and scanned documents are completed. You can track all stages of your application in your personal account.

When the state registration procedure is completed, information about your LLC will be entered into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs, including data on registration with the State Fiscal Service, you will be able to order a registration form and extract from the Unified State Register through the online services of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.

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