Exotic birds: types and description. Tropical birds. Types, names, descriptions and photos of tropical birds For the first time, a species of tropical bird was discovered

The main decoration and pride of the peacock is its breathtaking tail. Although there is a small correction here. What we think of as a tail is actually a highly developed covert feather. Here's how. But it's not all surprises.

Looking at peacocks, you might think that this genus of birds has many species, so they can be different in color and structure. But it's not. In the genus Peacocks (lat. Pavo), only 2 species are distinguished: the common peacock ( pavocristatus) and green peacock ( pavo muticus). The Congolese or African peacock stands a little apart ( Afropavo congensis) which is endemic to the African continent and belongs to the genus Congolese peacocks. There are significant differences between these two genera, which are manifested both in appearance and in reproduction.

common peacock

The rest of the diversity in the appearance of peacocks is just the result of various color options for an ordinary peacock, including a white peacock.

white peacock

This is general information. Now I propose to get acquainted with each species closer.

1. Common or Indian peacock (lat. Pavo cristatus)

This species was first discovered in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus. It was called Indian because of its place of residence - the rainforests and jungles of India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. In addition, it has another name - blue. And all because his head, neck and part of his chest are painted blue. The back is green and the bottom of the body is black. Females are smaller and not as brightly colored. Plus, they don’t have that chic “tail” that nature has awarded males.

Common or Indian peacock (lat. Pavo cristatus)

In males, the dimensions are as follows: body length - 100-120 cm, tail - 40-50 cm, and elongated covert feathers of the upper tail (that same chic "tail") - 120-160 cm. .

In India, and among Hindus in general, the peacock is considered a sacred bird and therefore he is allowed to walk wherever he pleases. It feeds fearlessly near settlements and in rice fields. But such a neighborhood can only be endured by those who love and revere this bird very much, because, despite their beauty, their singing can hardly be called sweet-voiced. Often at night, sharp piercing screams are heard, which can greatly frighten unaccustomed tourists.

Usually their songs can be heard before a thunderstorm or the beginning of the monsoons, and in the rainy season they begin mating games, in which males gladly show the females everything they are capable of. As a result, it turns out that their cries are somehow connected with the rain. Therefore, some locals believe that these sacred birds call for precipitation.

In addition, in the forest thicket, the peacock is the main informant about the approach of large predators. Seeing them from afar, sitting comfortably on a tree, they begin to emit alarm signals.

Peacocks are also excellent protectors from snakes. Not far from human settlements, they are happy to hunt young cobras. For which the locals love them very much. In addition to snakes, they feed on seeds, green parts, roots and fruits of plants, as well as various spiders, insects and small amphibians.

With the advent of the rainy season, peacocks have a mating season (April-September). At this time, the male begins to arrange a mating dance in front of the female, and he does it as if he is aware of all his attractiveness and irresistibility.

He does not run after the female, but slowly unfolds his "tail" and begins to lightly shake it, while emitting calling signals for the female. At this time, she pretends not to notice him and continues to go about her business. Then the male suddenly turns his back on her. This behavior of the gentleman obviously does not suit her and she has to bypass the male. He turns away from her again. And this continues over and over again, until the female peacock (peahen) gives her consent to create a pair.

mating dance

back of peacock

Such dances the male dances in front of several females. In total, up to 5 females can be in his harem. Each of them then lays in the nest, in the form of a small hole, from 4 to 10 eggs. In captivity, they can make up to 3 clutches per year. The chicks hatch after 28 days. Up to 1.5 years, the male is very similar to the female, long tail feathers begin to grow only after 3 years.

2. Green or Javanese peacock (lat. Pavo muticus)

Another type of Asian peacocks. It lives in Southeast Asia, in the territory from the northeastern part of India to western Malaysia and about. Java.

Green or Javanese peacock (lat. Pavo muticus)

It differs from the usual peacock in color and size. The green peacock is somewhat larger. The length of its body can reach 2-2.5 meters, the length of the tail feathers is 140-160 cm. The color is bright green with a metallic sheen, reddish and yellow spots can be seen on the chest. The legs are slightly longer, and the head is decorated with a small tuft of fully pubescent feathers. His voice is not as sharp and loud as his counterpart.

Male and female Javanese palins

The number of green peacocks is much smaller than usual. A particular decline occurred in the second half of the 20th century. Now he is under protection and listed in the International Red Book under the status of "vulnerable". It is the national symbol of Myanmar.

Males are very aggressive towards other peacocks and other members of the pheasant family. Therefore, they are advised to keep in a separate enclosure. They can also attack people, especially if they decide that their females are in danger. In this regard, breeding these birds in captivity is a very troublesome and problematic task.

3. Congolese or African peacock (Afropavo congensis)

The official discovery of this species occurred rather late, only in 1936. Credit goes to scientist James Chapin. At the very beginning of the 20th century, he and another scientist went to Africa for okapi, but they failed to catch this beast. But they took with them the hats of local hunters, richly decorated with feathers of various birds. Virtually all feathers, except for one, had their owners identified. Who owned the remaining pen remains a mystery.

In 1936, at the Belgian Museum of the Congo, Chapin completed his research work. Quite by chance, he looked into one of the old cabinets with long-forgotten exhibits and found a stuffed bird with exactly the same feathers, which he could not identify in the headdress.

Initially, this bird was mistaken for a young peacock and was safely forgotten about. But it turned out that these birds, although they are relatives of the common peacock, belong to a completely different genus. As a result, they got their name of the African or Congo peacock.

These birds live in the Congo River basin and in the forests of Zaire at an altitude of 350-1500 meters.

Compared to other peacocks, they do not have that beautiful "tail", and their size is small. The body length of males is only 64-70 cm, while females are 60-63 cm. The color is dark, an orange-red spot flaunts on the throat, and purple feathers are located on the chest. There is also a "crown" on the head.

Compared to other peacocks, the African peacock is monogamous. The female incubates only 2-3 eggs, from which chicks hatch after 3-4 weeks. Up to 2 months they live with their parents.

Peacocks have long been used in household. Back in the time of Alexander the Great, who contributed to their appearance in European countries, peacocks were bred not only for the sake of wonderful feathers, but also for meat. But at the end of the 15th century, peacock meat dishes were supplanted by the more delicious turkey.

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Birds descended from the pages of fairy tales

Longtail Velvet Weaver

These South African birds get their name from their black coat and very long tail that develops like a ribbon in flight. The tail of males can reach 16 cm, which is twice the length of their body. Unlike males, females have a rather inconspicuous sandy-black color. Males, especially during the breeding season, attract attention with their beautiful plumage.

Brilliant painted paint

Males are blue during the breeding season. At other times of the year, they practically do not differ from females in their plumage. The upper part of the body acquires a pale brown color, and the lower part becomes white, but the tail and wings remain blue. As for the relations between individuals of different sexes, they are very peculiar. Despite the fact that these birds are essentially monogamous and even form pairs, they still lead a promiscuous sex life, mating with other individuals. At the same time, they assist in the upbringing of the chicks that appear as a result of such meetings. To attract the attention of a female, males tear bright flower petals and show them to females.

Royal Flycatcher

There are 4 species of royal flycatcher and each of them has a tuft resembling a fan: a kind of "crown", which, however, can only be seen during courtship with the female and during rivalry with other males.

Scaled bird of paradise

They live in the forests of New Guinea. When this bird species was first introduced to Europe, people thought they were fake. It's all about the unusual feathers that adorn the heads of males. These birds are solitary in nature and never form pairs. Thus, the upbringing of chicks occurs without any participation from the male.

Quetzal

Many people think that these are the most beautiful birds in the world. The quetzal is the national bird of Guatemala, and even the currency in this country bears its name. Once upon a time, the Mayan Indians worshiped this bird, considering it sacred. Their feathers were practically priceless, and only chieftains and priests were allowed to wear them as decoration.

Lilac-breasted Roller

This bird got its name from the impressive courtship of the female in flight, during which the male, having risen to a considerable height, circling, rushes into the water at high speed, while making loud sounds. They live in savannahs and farmlands in eastern and southern Africa.

Inca Tern

These stunning whiskered seabirds nest on the rocky coasts of Chile and Peru. Interestingly, the Inca Tern, having a rather expressive appearance, is also distinguished by its singing. Birds make sounds that resemble cat meows. These representatives of the tern family feed on fish. They are in danger of extinction.

Curly arasari

This bird belongs to the toucan family and got its name from the feathers on its head. They are twisted like ribbons on a wrapped gift.

Blue-capped tanager

There are three subspecies of these birds, which differ primarily in plumage in the neck and head. They live in low-lying areas of tropical forests in eastern South America. They usually live in pairs or groups. Their diet includes fruits, however, when there is not enough fruit, they will not miss the opportunity to feast on insects.

Blue-headed magnificent bird of paradise

This is another magnificent bird that can be easily recognized by its curling tail feathers and unique coloration. The Turquoise "crown" on the male's head is not actually feathers, but a patch of bare skin.

Guianan Rock Cockerel

The wreath in the form of a semicircle on the head of these birds is formed by two rows of feathers. It remains visible at all times and does not disappear after the mating season, as is often the case with other bird species.

Lilac-capped painted malure

Their singing differs from the singing of other malurs, because it sounds at a lower frequency, and is usually performed in a duet.

Turaco Livingston

These birds belong to the turac family, which literally means "banano-eaters". Despite their name, they do not eat bananas.

Brilliant kotinga

This bird species with a bright turquoise-blue color lives in the Amazon rainforest. They are usually quiet unless they are disturbed by predators. But, as is usually the case in the world of birds, females are less fortunate: they have a gray-brown color with dark spots.

Bare-throated bell ringer

The bare-throated bell ringer lives in the Atlantic forests of South America and has one of the loudest voices.

Indian hornbill

This bird is easy to recognize thanks to a kind of "helmet" on the beak. The indigenous tribes of central India believed that the skull of a hornbill brings wealth.

Collared Trogon

Trogon of this species can be found on the island of Borneo. They live in pairs or singly, and nest in tree cavities. Interesting fact: Collared trogons have a habit of sitting still for a long time, breaking away only to grab an insect or pick a berry. They are in danger of extinction.

Momot blue-brown

Momots live in Central America. They are not born with rackets characteristic of their family. The feathers are loosely attached to the body and fall off as they mature.

Malaysian blue-tailed pita

It is one of three types of blue-tailed pittas that used to be classified as one species. However, they were separated due to external and vocal differences.

Red-billed Alcyone

Alcyone builds nests in tunnels on steep river banks and road edges, digging holes 50 cm deep. Insects, rodents, fish, snails and even songbirds serve as food sources.

Malaya Sultanka

You can meet the sultan in the southeastern United States, in the central and northern parts of South America. This species of birds lives in swamps with dense vegetation.

Magnificent astrapia

This is one of 41 species birds of paradise, which can only be found in the mountains of New Guinea.

Kea

The only mountain parrot in the world can be found on the South Island in New Zealand. These big birds known for their intelligence and curiosity.

South American night heron

You can easily recognize the South American night heron by its white plumage, black cap on its head, and bright blue beak. However, you are unlikely to hear them, as their cries are very quiet.

filamentous bird of paradise

These birds live on the eastern and western coasts of New Guinea and Salavati Island, where they settle mainly in mountainous areas, live in families or flocks. To attract a female, the males dance and comb them with their 12 wire-like lateral feathers. They feed on the juice of flowers, such as, for example, sago palm or pisang.

horned hummingbird

Hummingbirds of this species can be found in South America. Only males have a bright "horn" that shimmers in different colors.

Red-bearded bee-eater

These birds live in Southeast Asia. They catch bees and other insects on the fly. By hitting the insect on a hard surface several times in a row, they get rid of the sting. This allows you to remove almost all of the poison. Red-bearded bee-eaters nest in burrows on slopes sandy shores and, unlike other species of bee-eaters, do not live in colonies.

Adapted from news.distractify.com; translation and adaptation by Ekaterina Mylnikova|

Distinctive feature tropical birds- It's a bright color. First of all, this coloring is due to hiding among the green foliage and colorful flowers. Many plants of the tropics have bright colors, it is easy for a bird to hide from predators.

The second reason is to attract a partner during the marriage period. Colorful plumage, which has many shades - a real decoration, no one will remain indifferent.

Exactly tropical(exotic) birds were real decorations of the house or farmstead. It was considered great taste to have crowned, bright, sweet-voiced, birds of paradise. They not only pleased the eye, but could become real talking friends ().

Habitat birds living in the rainforest due to hot climate, high humidity and low rainfall. Birds are concentrated in those places where there is food for them - these are fruits, seeds, nuts, berries and small insects.

There are now more than 3,000 tropical birds. Many of them are on the verge of extinction due to the massive deforestation of the Amazon, Colombia, Central America, Sumatra, and Southeast Asia. Often titlestropical birds they were given from the habitat or from the first impression made, then they only assigned scientific names.

toucan bird

The quezal was considered a sacred bird by the Mayan and Aztec peoples. Previously, they numbered a large number of individuals, but now they are on the verge of extinction. They are not bred in captivity.

Pictured is a quezal bird

multicolored lorikeet

Multicolor lorikeet belongs to the family. The bird is up to 30 cm long, has a variety of colors throughout the body. The head and lower body are bright blue, the sides and neck are yellow.

The upper part, wings and tail are bright green. A fairly common bird that lives in Australia, the island of Goali, the Solomon Islands, New Guinea, Tasmania. Settles in tropical tall forests.

They are widely distributed on the east coast of Australia. They adapt well and are willingly tamed by people. They feed on berries, seeds, fruits and herbs. They live up to 20 years, so you can often see a lorikeet at exhibitions, in circuses and pet stores.

multicolored lorikeet

hummingbird bird

Miniature and agile birds have a long sharp beak in order to get as close as possible to the flower. But in addition to the long beak, the bird also has a long tongue, with which it easily extracts nectar. There are various bright colors in the plumage, it is rather difficult to distinguish the male from the female.

Pictured is a hummingbird bird

Red cardinal

A medium-sized bird up to 20-23 cm long. The male is slightly larger than the female, painted in a bright crimson color, on the face the color is in the form of a black mask. The female has a light brown color, with bright red patches. The beak is strong in the shape of a cone, it can easily peel off the bark, getting insects. The legs are painted pink, the pupils are dark brown.

The habitat is the eastern United States. However, three centuries ago, the bird was introduced to Hawaii, Bermuda and California. It quickly took root, is widespread. The cardinal has a wonderful baritone, his trills resemble those of a nightingale, sometimes called the “virgin nightingale”.

bird cardinal

crowned crane

The crowned crane is a large bird of the real family. Lives in East and West Africa. If the drought lasts a very long time, they migrate closer to the tropics, to dense forests.

The bird has a height of up to 1 meter, a wingspan of up to 2 meters. The plumage on the body is mostly black or gray-black. The main advantage is a fluffy crest, consisting of golden feathers. The wing feathers are often white or milky.

The crane leads a sedentary way of life, eats plant and animal food. The breeding season falls during the rainy season. Prefers swampy terrain, also does not disdain farm or agricultural land.

Pictured is a crowned crane

If you carefully consider photo of tropical birds, then all of them are united by the brightness of the colors in the plumage. Many of them are on the verge of extinction because they are friendly and trusting by nature. Some species cannot be bred in captivity. Careful attitude and cessation of deforestation of tropical forests will help to preserve exotic birds.

Tropical birds have always aroused great interest among both ornithologists and ordinary wildlife lovers. The first thing that catches your eye at the sight of such a bird is its bright, exotic color. She gave them this color nature so that these creatures can easily camouflage themselves among tropical plants. Another reason why nature has awarded these birds with beautiful plumage is to attract a partner during the mating season. What unusual birds are known to mankind?

In ancient times, and even today, to have in a house or courtyard beautiful exotic bird is a sign of status. Ringing canaries, luxurious peacocks, crowned pheasants and unusual bright parrots were a sign of the excellent taste of their owners.

What do they look like and why are they remarkable? Below will be considered the most interesting of their representatives.

Tropical birds: what is known about them

The main habitat of exotic birds is a hot climate, the tropics, where there is high humidity and little rainfall. They eat fruits, berries and other tropical plants, as well as nuts and small insects.

The world knows about 3,000 species of such birds, and many of them are listed in the Red Book. Due to deforestation of the Amazon, Madagascar, Sumatra, as well as Colombia, Central America and Southeast Asia, many tropical birds are on the verge of extinction.

The most famous exotic birds

Science knows many species of exotic birds, and the rarest, most beautiful and common birds will be described below.

large birds

to the middle and big birds can include the following:

Small and miniature birds

Among exotic representatives, small birds are often found, for example:

All these representatives are very beautiful and are of great importance for nature, but many of them are on the verge of extinction due to deforestation. Moreover, not all of them able to breed in captivity Therefore, humanity needs to treat them more carefully and stop destroying their habitat.