Equipment for flaw detection of pipes. Flaw detection of welded joints. Visual inspection and ovality measurement

The end of welding work is the beginning of quality control of welded joints. After all, it is clear that the long-term operation of the prefabricated structure depends on the quality of the work performed. Flaw detection of welded seams are methods of control of welded joints. There are several of them, so it is worth understanding the topic thoroughly.

There are visible defects in the weld and invisible (hidden). The first can be easily seen with the eyes, some of them are not very large, but with a magnifying glass it is not a problem to detect them. The second group is more extensive, and such defects are located inside the body of the weld.

Hidden defects can be detected in two ways. The first method is non-destructive. The second is destructive. The first option, for obvious reasons, is used most often.

Non-Destructive Weld Quality Inspection In this category, there are several methods used to check the quality of welds.

• Visual inspection (external).
• Magnetic control.
• Radiation flaw detection.
• Ultrasonic.
• Capillary.
• Control of welded joints for permeability.

There are other ways, but they are rarely used.

visual inspection

With the help of an external examination, it is possible to identify not only visible defects in the seams, but also invisible ones. For example, the unevenness of the seam in height and width indicates that there were interruptions in the arc during the welding process. And this is a guarantee that the seam inside has lack of penetration.

How to conduct an inspection.

• The seam is cleaned of scale, slag and metal drops.
• Then it is treated with technical alcohol.
• After another treatment with a ten percent solution of nitric acid. It's called etching.
• The surface of the seam is clean and matte. The smallest cracks and pores are clearly visible on it.

Attention! Nitric acid is a material that corrodes metal. Therefore, after inspection, the metal weld must be treated with alcohol.

The loop has already been mentioned. With this tool, you can detect scanty flaws in the form of thin cracks less than a hair thick, burns, small undercuts, and others. In addition, with the help of a magnifying glass, you can control whether the crack is growing or not.

When examining, you can also use a caliper, templates, ruler. They measure the height and width of the seam, its even longitudinal location.

Magnetic control of welds

Magnetic methods of flaw detection are based on the creation of a magnetic field that penetrates the body of the weld. For this, a special apparatus is used, in the principle of operation of which the phenomena of electromagnetism are embedded.

There are two ways to identify a defect within a connection.

1. With the use of ferromagnetic powder, usually iron. It can be used both dry and wet. In the second case, iron powder is mixed with oil or kerosene. It is sprinkled on the seam, and a magnet is installed on the other side. In places where there are defects, the powder will collect.
2. With the help of a ferromagnetic tape. It is laid on the seam, and on the other hand, the device is installed. All defects that appear at the junction of two metal blanks will be displayed on this film.

This version of flaw detection of welded joints can be used to test only ferromagnetic joints. Non-ferrous metals, nickel-chromium-plated steels and others are not controlled in this way.

Radiation control

It's basically an x-ray. Expensive devices are used here, and gamma radiation is harmful to humans. Although this is the surest way to detect defects in the weld. They are clearly visible on the film.

Ultrasonic flaw detection

This is another accurate option for detecting flaws in a weld. It is based on the property of ultrasonic waves to be reflected from the surface of materials or media with different densities. If the weld does not have defects inside it, that is, its density is uniform, then sound waves will pass through it without interference. If there are defects inside, and these are cavities filled with gas, then two different media are obtained inside: metal and gas.

Therefore, ultrasound will be reflected from the metal plane of the pore or crack, and will return back, being displayed on the sensor. It should be noted that different flaws reflect waves differently. Therefore, it is possible to classify the result of flaw detection.

This is the most convenient and fastest way to control welded joints in pipelines, vessels and other structures. Its only drawback is the difficulty of decoding the received signals, therefore only highly qualified specialists work with such devices.

Capillary control

Methods for controlling welds by the capillary method are based on the properties of certain liquids to penetrate into the body of materials through the smallest cracks and pores, structural channels (capillaries). Most importantly, this method can control any materials of different density, size and shape. It does not matter if it is metal (black or non-ferrous), plastic, glass, ceramics and so on.

Penetrating liquids seep into any imperfections in the surface, and some of them, such as kerosene, can pass through fairly thick products through and through. And most importantly, the smaller the size of the defect and the higher the absorption of the liquid, the faster the process of detecting the flaw, the deeper the liquid penetrates.

Today, specialists use several types of penetrating liquids.

Penetrants

From English, this word is translated as absorbent. Currently, there are more than a dozen penetrant formulations (water or based on organic liquids: kerosene, oils, and so on). They all have low surface tension and strong color contrast, making them easy to see. That is, the essence of the method is as follows: a penetrant is applied to the surface of the weld, it penetrates inside, if there is a defect, it is painted on the same side after cleaning the applied layer.

Today, manufacturers offer different penetrating fluids with different flaw detection effects.

• Luminescent. From the name it is clear that they include luminescent additives. After applying such a liquid to the seam, you need to shine on the joint with an ultraviolet lamp. If there is a defect, then the luminescent substances will shine, and this will be visible.
• Colored. Liquids contain special luminous dyes. Most often, these dyes are bright red. They are clearly visible even in daylight. Apply such a liquid to the seam, and if red spots appear on the other side, then the defect is detected.

There is a division of penetrants by sensitivity. The first class is liquids, which can be used to determine defects with a transverse size of 0.1 to 1.0 microns. The second class is up to 0.5 microns. This takes into account that the depth of the flaw should exceed its width by ten times.

You can apply penetrants in any way, today cans with this liquid are offered. They are supplied with cleaners for cleaning the defective surface and a developer, with the help of which the penetration of the penetrant is detected and the pattern is shown.

How to do it right.

• The seam and seam areas must be thoroughly cleaned. Mechanical methods cannot be used, they can cause dirt to enter the cracks and pores themselves. Use warm water or soapy water, the last step is cleaning with a cleaner.
• Sometimes it becomes necessary to pickle the surface of the seam. The main thing after that is to remove the acid.
• The entire surface is dried.
• If the quality control of welded joints of metal structures or pipelines is carried out at sub-zero temperatures, then the seam itself must be treated with ethyl alcohol before applying penetrants.
• An absorbent liquid is applied, which must be removed after 5-20 minutes.
• After that, a developer (indicator) is applied, which draws out a penetrant from defects in the weld. If the defect is small, then you will have to arm yourself with a magnifying glass. If there are no changes on the surface of the seam, then there are no defects.

Kerosene

This method can be designated as the simplest and cheapest, but this does not reduce its effectiveness. It is carried out using this technology.

• Clean the joint of two metal blanks from dirt and rust on both sides of the seam.
• On the one hand, a chalk solution is applied to the seam (400 g per 1 liter of water). It is necessary to wait for the applied layer to dry.
• Kerosene is applied on the reverse side. It is necessary to moisten abundantly in several approaches for 15 minutes.
• Now you need to observe the side where the chalk solution was applied. If dark patterns (spots, lines) appear, it means that there is a defect in the weld. These drawings will only expand over time. Here it is important to accurately determine the exit points of kerosene, therefore, after the first application of it to the seam, it is necessary to immediately monitor. By the way, dots and small spots will indicate the presence of fistulas, lines - the presence of cracks. This method is very effective in connection options, for example, pipe to pipe. When welding overlapped metals, it is less effective.

Methods for quality control of welded joints for permeability

Basically, this method of control is used for containers and tanks that are made by welding. To do this, you can use gases or liquids that fill the vessel. After that, excess pressure is created inside, pushing the materials out.

And if there are defects in the places where the containers are welded, then liquid or gas will immediately begin to pass through them. Depending on which control component is used in the verification process, there are four options: hydraulic, pneumatic, pneumohydraulic and vacuum. In the first case, a liquid is used, in the second, a gas (even air), and the third is a combined one. And the fourth is the creation of a vacuum inside the container, which, through defective seams, will draw coloring substances applied to the outside of the seam into the tank.

With the pneumatic method, gas is pumped into the vessel, the pressure of which exceeds the nominal one by 1.5 times. From the outside, a soapy solution is applied to the seam. Bubbles will show the presence of defects. During hydraulic flaw detection, liquid is poured into the vessel at a pressure 1.5 times higher than the working one, and the near-weld section is tapped. The appearance of liquid indicates the presence of a defect.

These are the options for flaw detection of pipelines, tanks and metal structures today are used to determine the quality of the weld. Some of them are quite complex and expensive. But the main ones are simple, and therefore often used.

The aging of pipelines in continuous operation for more than 20 years is:

• oil pipelines - 60%,
• gas pipelines - 40%.

The basis of the goal that sets itself pipeline diagnostics, is the finding of corrosion. Solving this problem will ensure trouble-free operation and increase service life. In addition, the tasks of diagnostics include reducing the cost of energy carrier delivery and saving it.

Diagnostics includes - acoustic, magnetometric, optoelectronic methods. For their implementation, special equipment is used.

These methods are designed to prevent the occurrence of emergencies by early detection of damage sites that precede the development of corrosion. Devices allow you to indicate not only the place of possible destruction, but also its type.

Introduction to the widespread practice of diagnostics serves to improve the reliability and economic efficiency of gas and oil transportation organizations, as well as housing and communal services.

Pipeline transport and non-destructive testing

With regard to pipeline transport facilities, several principles for performing control are applied. The main attention is paid to apparatus and equipment operating in difficult conditions of high pressure, temperature fluctuations and others. Pipelines are typical objects of control, non-destructive testing, the methods and techniques of which are well developed, and the necessary equipment can be purchased or rented without delay.

Ultrasonic flaw detection of large castings for pipeline transport

Most often used to test pipes ultrasonic non-destructive testing, for the implementation of which many devices and devices have been developed and are being produced. As necessary, it is possible to use the X-ray method, other methods, because in this kind of verification, it is not the fact of control that is important, but its practical result.

In addition to pipelines, this type of transport has several more typical objects that require control, for example, pumping stations, gas storage equipment, tanks, liquefied gas production plants and much more.

An important stage has come in the continuous quality control of pipelines with the start of operation of special projectiles capable of performing many control operations inside pipes, including checking the quality of metal and weld, basic geometric indicators and other data.

Scientific and production laboratory "PROcontrol" provides a range of services for multi-parameter technical diagnostics of pipelines of cold / hot water supply.

We carry out complex diagnostics by ultrasonic and magnetic methods, according to the methodology for monitoring pipelines of OAO MIPC. According to the results of the control, areas of defects are identified.

The ultrasonic testing system consists of special gratings, called rings, that wrap around the pipe being tested. The ring transmits a series of directed ultrasonic waves and receives the reflected signals. The condition of the pipeline, "possible defects" in the form of corrosion and / or a decrease in the thickness of the wall section are determined by reflections from the places of change in the cross-sectional area of ​​​​the pipe. The results of echo signal processing are displayed in the form of a graph, where the abscissa shows the distance from the ring, and in the form of an hourly sweep.

Our laboratory conducts research on the possibility of determining the corrosion sections of the pipeline on specialized stands with reference defects.

Defects in the base metal of pipes and welded joints of the test stand: zone of pitting corrosion (a), accumulation of crack-like defects in the base metal of the pipe (b), crack-like defect in the longitudinal weld (c).

An ultrasonic flaw detector is a device for measuring and controlling the thickness of products that conduct ultrasound. This device allows you to detect defects in metal, plastic and composite materials, as well as determine the coordinates and conditional dimensions of the marriage. An ultrasonic flaw detector helps to identify pores, lack of penetration, hairlines, slag inclusions, undercuts, delaminations and other structural disturbances.

Operating principle of the flaw detector

When moving in a homogeneous medium, sound waves do not change their trajectory. Their reflection occurs at the boundary separating media with different specific acoustic impedance. The more this value differs, the more significant part of the sound wave will be reflected from the interface. An ultrasonic flaw detector generates, converts measurements and records data on the vibration amplitude. The information obtained during the analysis is displayed on a monitor equipped with an ultrasonic flaw detector.

An ultrasonic flaw detector can be purchased from the GEO-NDT Group of Companies. For more information, you can contact the phones listed in the "" section or use e-mail.

Test results

The developed search engine complex hardware (A2075 SoNet,A1550 lntroVisoN, Vector 2008.) was tested in operation both on test samples of pipes and in real conditions on the pipeline in the process of its re-insulation. The results of tests of A2075 SoNet on a test pipe with a diameter of 1420 mm with artificially applied defect models and natural defects are shown in Fig. 4 and in the table,

where the interpretation of the obtained images and conclusions about the detection of defects are given. The pipe is located on the territory of the experimental base (0E6) 000 VNIIGAZ. At the top of fig. 4 shows a diagram of the location of defects and models of defects in the test pipe. Below the scheme is a scan of this pipe with images of defects in the form of spots. The X-axis on the diagram and scan is directed along the pipe axis and is graduated in meters. The Y-axis (Z-axis on the scans) is directed along the circumference of the pipe and has divisions corresponding to the 12-hour system with the origin from the upper generatrix of the pipe. The counting direction along the Y axis is chosen clockwise when viewed from the pipe end on the left in Fig. 4. It can be seen that the positions of the defects and models on the scheme and the scan pattern coincide quite well. The shift of all images of the scan image down along the Y axis, relative to the scheme, by approximately 0.5 h is caused by the fact that the trajectory of the scanning device was not laid exactly along the upper generatrix of the pipe, a at the position of 11.5 h. It is also seen that concentrated defects in the form of drillings with a diameter of 10 mm to a depth of about half the wall thickness lie at the detection threshold. A transverse cut 260 mm long was not detected due to the fact that for an ultrasonic wave propagating along it, its beginning and end are inhomogeneities of small wave sizes. At the same time, all longitudinal defects in the pipe walls. SCR and longitudinal cut are clearly visible on the scan. Scanogram in fig. 5

received at scanning of a single-seam pipe with a diameter of 1420 mm., which was in long-term operation and cut out of the pipeline due to the appearance of SCC in it. The pipe is located on the territory of DOAO Orgenergogaz. Two SCC zones and many centers of pitting corrosion were found in it, the first SCC zone (its photograph on the left in Fig. 5) contains cracks with a maximum depth of 2 mm. The depth of cracks after their detection by the A1550 IntroVisor was measured with a conventional flaw detector. The opening of cracks is so small that they are almost invisible on the surface of the pipe. This zone has coordinates of 6.75 m along the X axis (along the distance from the start of scanning) and 0.5 m along the Z axis (along the circumference of the pipe). The second SCC zone (Photo in Fig. 5 on the right) is a chain of opened cracks with a total length of about 180 mm and a maximum depth of 7 mm. Its coordinates are 9.75 m in range and 0.7 m in the circumference of the pipe. The scan also shows the image of a longitudinal weld - 155 m in circumference. Two longitudinal red lines (0 and 23 m) correspond to the beginning and end of the control zone. Tests A2075 SoNet flaw detector scanner in real conditions (Fig. 6)

were carried out on a linear section of a gas pipeline with a diameter of 1220 mm near the city of Ukhta. At the same time, the influence of the quality of pipe stripping, prime residues, rain and snow, adhering soil on the results of control was studied. In addition, the noise immunity of the device was evaluated during testing under conditions of acoustic and electromagnetic interference from a working cleaning machine. On fig. 7

shown scanogram defect-free section of the pipeline without insulation with a pothole on the surface, apparently resulting from a blow with a metal pipe gripper. The pothole is 15 mm long, 5 mm wide and 3 mm deep. It is deviated from the longitudinal axis of the pipe by about 30. The image of the pothole on the scan is clearly visible in the zone with coordinates 1.3 1.4 m in range and 0.39 m along the circumference of the pipe. Images of longitudinal welds at positions 0.75 and 1.25 m around the circumference. The dashed red stripes at the bottom of the scan are images of the signals that have passed around the pipe. All defects found during testing of the scanner - flaw detector А2075 SoNet, were examined in detail using an A1550 IntroVisor tomograph, and their parameters were measured. On fig. eight

A tomogram of the wall (17.2 mm thick) of a main gas pipeline pipe with a diameter of 1420 mm with a corrosion crack 10 mm deep is shown. The vertical coordinate axis on the tomogram is the depth axis, and the horizontal axis coincides with the longitudinal axis of the tomograph antenna array aperture. The control was performed by an antenna array of transverse waves at a frequency of 4 MHz. The crack image on the tomogram is located at a distance of 26 mm from the origin of coordinates, which coincides with the center of the antenna array aperture. The crack is shown by two red spots (Fig. 8). The top spot is caused by the signal from the corner reflector formed by the crack mouth and the outer surface of the pipe. The lower spot at a depth of 10 mm is the result of ultrasound diffraction at the crack tip. Intermediate points of the crack are not visible due to the inner surface of the crack, which is mirror-like for ultrasound, and does not give back reflection of signals along trajectories coinciding with the trajectories of propagation of probing signals. As you can see, the operator can measure the real height of cracks directly on the device screen without resorting to scanning. antenna array in the direction perpendicular to the crack, it should be noted that this tomogram was reconstructed using both direct ultrasonic radiation and reflected from the bottom surface of the pipe wall. Tests confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and demonstrated the high sensitivity of the equipment, its stable operation under the influence of a wide range of adverse factors, noise immunity and the ability to control at distances up to 10 m from the cleaning machine, reliability and sufficient safety margin of mechanical and electronic components. Created flaw detector scanner well compatible with the equipment used in the pipeline re-insulation process and can be introduced into the technological chain. Its scanning device should move directly behind the stripping machine at a distance of 30-40 more. Then the impact of noise and prime dust on equipment and the operator will be minimal.

Conclusion

1. As a result of research, an innovative combination of NDT methods for diagnosing pipelines during their re-insulation has been proposed and technical tools have been developed that provide a comprehensive solution to this problem.

2. A mobile ultrasonic flaw detector A2075 SoNet has been developed, designed to inspect the base metal of the pipe body with a capacity of up to six linear meters per minute without the use of contact liquids.

3. On-line inspection of suspicious areas detected by a flaw scanner can be performed using a manual multi-channel eddy current flaw detector Vector 2008, which allows visualizing and localizing the location of stress-corrosion cracks.

4. The problem of measuring the depth of stress-corrosion cracks is successfully solved by the A1550 IntroVisor handheld ultrasonic tomograph using phased antenna arrays operating on transverse waves.

5. The practical work of the complex of the created flaw detection equipment confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methods, the operability of the equipment in difficult climatic and operational conditions and showed the possibility of including the complex in the technological chain of pipeline re-insulation.

b. With a certain refinement and improvement of the developed technical means, they will improve the reliability of pipeline diagnostics and the quality of repair work during a major overhaul, which will invariably entail an increase in the operational reliability of pipelines.

During a long period of use, pipelines are exposed to negative external and internal environmental influences. As a result, the metal degrades, corrosive formations form on it, cracks and chips appear, and other types of defects. It would seem that when creating a pipeline project using modern technologies, full protection of main communications should be ensured.

But, unfortunately, it is impossible to completely exclude the occurrence of damage. To prevent small defects from becoming a serious problem, various types of control are used.

One of them, which does not provide for the withdrawal of the main system for repair, is the flaw detection of pipelines.

This diagnostic method is widely used. Its use allows you to identify the following types of defects:

• loss of tightness level;
• loss of control of the state of tension;
• violation of welded joints;
• depressurization of welds are other parameters that are responsible for the reliable functioning of highways.

You can check this way:

• heating network;
• gas supply network;
• oil pipelines;
• water pipelines, etc.

Flaw detection is 100% capable of identifying flaws and preventing serious accidents. , and new models of flaw detectors are being tested. In addition to all this, various analyzes are carried out in order to subsequently improve the work of the funds.

Ultrasonic flaw detection

Ultrasonic flaw detection of the pipeline was first provided by Sokolov S.Ya. in 1928. It was created on the basis of studying the movement of ultrasonic vibrations,
which were under the control of the flaw detector.

Describing the principle of operation of these devices, it should be noted that the sound wave does not change the direction of its movement in a medium that has the same structure. When the medium is separated by a specific acoustic obstacle, a reflection of the wave is obtained.

Video:

The higher the number of such obstacles, the more waves will be reflected from the boundary that separates the medium. The ability to detect small defects separately from one another determines the length of the sound wave. And at the same time it depends on how frequent the sound vibrations are.

The diverse tasks faced during ultrasonic flaw detection have led to the fact that there are great opportunities for this method of troubleshooting. Of these, there are five main options:

1. Echo is a location.
2. shadow method.
3. Mirror shadow.
4. Mirror.
5. Delta is the way.

Today's ultrasonic inspection instruments are equipped with several measurement options at the same time. And they do it in different combinations.

These mechanisms are distinguished by very high accuracy; as a result, the residual spatial resolution and the reliability of the final conclusion about the defectiveness of the pipeline or its parts are obtained as truthfully as possible.

Ultrasonic analysis does no damage of the investigated design, and makes it possible to carry out all work with the fastest possible and without harm to human health.

Ultrasonic flaw detection is an accessible system for monitoring joints and seams in all respects. The fact that this method is based on a high possibility of penetration of ultrasonic waves through the metal.

Weld analysis

Flaw detection of welded seams of pipelines is a mandatory procedure before putting into operation the main communications, especially those passing underground.

In any design, the weld was a weak point, for these reasons their quality must always be under control. Welds have an important responsibility - they determine the tightness and quality of the finished structure as a whole.

The essence of various approaches for the analysis of such joints is the assessment of certain physical properties that characterize the reliability and strength of the pipeline. Flaw detection determines not only the size of defects, but also assesses the quality of the welds. This assessment includes:

1. strength indicator;
2. the ability to resist corrosion formations;
3. degree of plasticity;
4. the structure of the weld metal and the area around it;
5. quantity and size of the defect.

The method of ultrasonic examination is one of the main methods for detecting defects in welds.

Video: Overview of magnetic particle flaw detector

Flaw detection of welded joints of pipelines has the following advantages.

• Fast revision.
• High research accuracy.
• Small cost.
• Absolute harmlessness to humans.
• Mobility used to test devices.
• Ability to perform quality control of a functioning pipeline.

The simplest flaw detection procedure is a visual inspection. Visually - the measuring method allows, on the basis of the first results obtained during an external examination, to determine the presence of many defects.

With the help of this inspection, the quality level of the finished welded joints is checked. This type of study is used independently of other types of control. Most often it is very informative, and besides this, it is the cheapest.

This method reveals deviations from the nominal dimensions. At the same time, the surface of the pipeline is thoroughly cleaned of dirt, metal splashes, rust formations, scale, oil and other contaminants.

The area of ​​attention includes welds and the area adjacent to them. All deficiencies found at this stage are eliminated before other methods of flaw detection are performed.

For example, markedly pronounced differences in the height of the weld indicate that the arc was interrupted during welding.

For the period of verification measures, such joints are recommended to be treated with a 10% solution of nitric acid. If gross geometric violations are noticeable, then this indicates a violation of the quality of the weld.

Video: The video provides a brief overview of the ultrasonic instruments TG 110-DL, Avenger EZ

The advantages of this research method are as follows:

• Most often, this operation takes a little time.
• Small cost of verification.
• The safety of this procedure for human health.
• You can check the existing pipeline.

Well, where without drawbacks:

• Possibility of destructive action.
• The need for special reagents and other consumables.
• Prototypes after this process were not always recoverable.

Flaw detection of pipeline joints

Defectoscopy of pipeline joints is a rather responsible process, which is started only after the weld is ready. The docking area must cool down and be cleaned of contaminants.

Another method of verification is color flaw detection of pipelines, it is also called capillary inspection. This test is based on the capillary activity of the liquid. Pores and cracked formations create a mesh at the junction.

When they come into contact with liquid, they simply let it pass through them. This method makes it possible to detect the concealment of problem formations. Such a procedure is carried out in accordance with GOST 1844-80.

Often this type of verification is used magnetic flaw detection. It is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetism. Near the area to be checked, the mechanism creates a magnetic field. Its lines pass freely through the metal, but when damage is present, the lines lose their evenness.

Video: Conducting in-line diagnostics of main pipelines

To fix the resulting image, use magnetographic or magnetic particle flaw detection. If a powder is used, then it is applied dry or in the form of a wet mass (oil is added to it). The powder will accumulate only in problem areas.

In-line inspection

In-line flaw detection of main pipelines is the most effective option for detecting problems, based on running special devices through the pipe system.

They were in-line flaw detectors with special devices installed. These mechanisms determine the configuration features of the cross section, reveal dents, thinning and corrosion formations.

There are also in-line mechanisms that are designed to solve specific tasks. For example, equipment with video and cameras inspects the inside of the highway and determines the degree of curvature and profile of the structure. It also detects cracks.

These units move through the system in a stream and are equipped with a variety of sensors, they accumulate and store information.

In-line flaw detection of main pipelines has significant advantages. It does not impose requirements to install devices that conduct systematic control.

It should be added to the above that, using this type of diagnostics, it is possible to regularly monitor deformation changes throughout the entire section of the existing structure with a high level of productivity.

In this way, it is possible to establish in time a section that carries an emergency threat to the entire system, and timely carry out repair work to troubleshoot.

Speaking about this method, it is important to note that there are a number of technical difficulties in its implementation. The main thing is that it is expensive. And the second factor is the availability of devices only for main pipelines with large volumes.

Video

For these reasons, this method is most often used for relatively new gas pipeline systems. You can implement this method for other highways by performing reconstruction.

In addition to the specified technical difficulties, this method is distinguished by the most accurate indicators with the processing of test data.

To examine main pipelines, it is not necessary to perform all the procedures to make sure that there are no problems. Each section of the highway can be checked in one or another most appropriate way.

To choose the best test option, you need to assess how important the responsibility of the joint is. And already, based on this, select a research method. For example, for home production, a visual inspection or other budgetary types of checks are often enough.

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