Formation of favorable conditions for attracting investments in the real sector of the economy, including foreign ones, is one of the priorities of the Yaroslavl City Hall.
Yaroslavl potentially has many advantages for attracting investors:
-favorable geographical position: proximity to Moscow and relative proximity to St. Petersburg, favorable climatic conditions;
- location at the intersection of the main road, rail, water and air routes, main oil and gas pipelines;
- powerful diversified industrial potential;
- sustainable resource provision;
- developed system of secondary and higher professional education, high scientific and innovative potential;
- extensive foreign economic relations;
- high tourism potential.
To build an effective municipal investment policy, city governments use a systematic approach, within which the strategic tasks of the development of the municipality are solved, as well as modern market mechanisms and tools are used.
To determine the prospects for the development of the city in Yaroslavl, the following documents of strategic planning for the socio-economic development of the city were approved:
The strategy of social and economic development of the city of Yaroslavl until 2020, which provides guidance to entrepreneurs, potential internal and external investors, helps them make informed decisions, taking into account the vision of the future.
An action plan for the implementation of the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the city of Yaroslavl until 2020, which ensures the achievement of the main strategic goal of the socio-economic development of the city of Yaroslavl - improving the quality of life of the population based on economic growth.
The program for the integrated development of communal infrastructure systems in the city of Yaroslavl for 2006-2017 and for the period up to 2026.
The program for the integrated development of the transport infrastructure of the city of Yaroslavl for 2018-2026.
The program for the integrated development of the social infrastructure of the city of Yaroslavl for 2018-2026.
In the city of Yaroslavl, the Master Plan of the city was approved, which determined the foundations of territorial planning and urban planning policy until 2026, the Rules for land use and development of the city of Yaroslavl, according to which a system for regulating land use and development was determined, based on dividing the entire territory of the city into territorial zones and establishing an urban development plan for each zone. regulations.
Investment projects implemented in the territory of Yaroslavl, in accordance with the current regulatory legal acts, are provided with municipal support aimed at creating a maximum favorable regime for the subjects of investment activity.
In order to attract new investors, the Novoselki industrial park (about 400 hectares) was created in the city, which is located along the southern border of the city and assumes a broad industrial focus. A plant of the Japanese concern "Komatsu" for the production of construction equipment and the first plant in Russia for the production of metal structures of the company "Lindab Buildings" are already successfully operating here.
Factory «Komatsu»
In September 2012, the grand opening of the plant for the production of finished dosage forms of the Japanese company Takeda took place. The construction of another pharmaceutical plant on the territory of the industrial park, carried out by Teva (Israel), was completed in October 2014. In December 2014, the construction of the first stage of the technical data processing center of PJSC VimpelCom, one of the largest telecommunications companies in Russia, was completed.
Factory «Takeda»
Also, on the territory of the industrial park, the Center for Technology Transfer, Development of Innovative and Import-Substituting Medicines and Training for the Pharmaceutical Industry was established on the basis of the Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D.Ushinsky. This project was carried out as part of the implementation of the Federal Target Program "Development of the pharmaceutical and medical industry of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 and beyond." The Technology Transfer Center is a research and development complex with a total area of 8,600 square meters, similar to a business incubator, which allows the location of chemical and bioscreening research laboratories, premises for preclinical studies, various technological and implementation platforms, offices and representative offices of companies - residents of Yaroslavl pharmaceutical cluster.
In 2016, Yaroslavl Beverage Plant LLC began manufacturing products, the product range of which includes carbonated and non-carbonated artesian water, premium lemonades and juices.
A class A logistics complex, a wholesale distribution center of X5 Retail Group, equipped with modern equipment for temporary storage of products for serving more than 500 stores of the Perekrestok, Pyaterochka, Karusel groups in 5 regions, have been built and are successfully operating.
The Belgian holding Besins Healthcare has completed the construction of a pharmaceutical plant for the production of Utrozhestan, which is included in the All-Russian List of Essential Medicines. The official opening of the plant took place on June 18, 2019.
The energy center of OOO Yarkogeneratsiya was built, which will provide residents of the industrial park Novoselki and other consumers with additional electrical and thermal capacities. Currently, preparatory work is underway to put into operation cogeneration gas-piston power plants, which will make it possible to form a system of distribution sources of electrical and thermal energy.
Under construction: the Federal Laboratory "Center for Quality Control and Certification of Medicinal Products", the administrative, repair and warehouse building of ISTK LLC - the official distributor of Komatsu and ATLET equipment, as well as the Data Center of the Tenzor company.
Investment in fixed capital for large and medium organizations
According to statistics for 2018, investments in fixed assets for large and medium-sized organizations of the city amounted to 31.4 billion rubles.
* excluding funds of participants in shared construction
The main areas of use of capital investments in 2018 were: the purchase of machinery, equipment, vehicles (47.0%), the construction of non-residential buildings and structures (43.5%), housing construction (7.1%).
Specific structure of investments in fixed assets
for large and medium-sized organizations in 2018
In 2018, 70.8% of investments were financed from the own funds of organizations, and 29.2% of investments were financed from borrowed funds.
Specific structure of funds raised to finance investmentsin fixed capital for large and medium-sized organizations in 2018
The weekly Time Out conducted a survey among 15,000 people from 32 major cities and ranked the most attractive of them for travel. Points were awarded based on various aspects of city life, including food, drink, culture, friendliness, accessibility, happiness, convenience, and safety.
Residents of Istanbul are proud of their unique city and its history, but most of them are dissatisfied with their lives. Only half of the respondents admitted that they felt happy over the past day.
Singaporeans may not appreciate the cultural life of the city very much, but they are proud of its safety and comfortable night walks.
Boston is the least of the list that doesn't have an interesting nightlife. But still, its inhabitants are happy, and more than half know their neighbors by name.
Despite being hugely attractive, Dubai has the longest working week on this list, at 46 hours. And an evening spent in the city will cost an average of $167.
Residents of Sydney lack entertainment and good restaurants, but most citizens live a healthy life. 66% of those surveyed had exercised in the past week, and 38% had never tried drugs. At the same time, they know how to have fun, being the first in the consumption of vodka in the world.
Miami has a huge number of restaurants. The city also leads in terms of the number of those dissatisfied with public transport. 52% of the respondents admitted to hating him.
Public transport in Hong Kong was praised by 75% of respondents. In addition, the inhabitants of this city often go to restaurants.
Muscovites do not consider their city friendly, but the nightlife here is one of the most intense. A third of residents go to bed well after midnight. This city also has a high percentage of office romances.
Bangkok is the capital. Here, people eat on the go more often than others - an average of 42 times a year. Residents also love to go to restaurants. 94% of respondents were there at least once in the last week.
Washington DC has the largest number of singles who need to communicate or use dating apps. At the same time, they more often than others ignore potential lovers. Perhaps this is due to the fact that life in the city is quite stressful.
Beijing is an interesting city. However, most residents spend too much time traveling home and back. 6% of them kill two to three hours on the road.
Residents of Zurich are very active and go in for sports more than others on the list.
The city is famous for its rich cultural life and taco restaurants. However, it is the most difficult place to make friends and it is almost impossible to maintain a romantic relationship.
Residents of the capital of Japan love to eat. They go to restaurants more often than others on the list.
Residents of Berlin are less likely than others to feel lonely: 83% of respondents know their neighbors. This is a high figure, given that the world average is 55%. Berliners also like to spend time at home and go to restaurants less often than others.
The city cannot boast of safety and accessibility, but 88% of respondents admitted that they can remain themselves. There are also many restaurants here.
It's expensive here, but there's plenty to do. Residents admitted that Shanghai is not suitable for love relationships, only if it is not. This was confirmed by 79% of respondents.
Residents of Mexico City attend cultural events more often than others - 76 times a year. They go to theaters, cinemas, art galleries, museums and concerts.
Paris is the capital of love. Four out of five respondents admitted to having had sex in the past month. Residents also spend a month a year escaping from a hangover. The city is rich in cultural events, but prices bite.
Antony Quintano/Flickr.com Austin, Texas is the best city for concerts and second in the ranking for the number of bars. Residents also travel quickly to and from work - an average of 22 minutes.
The city deserves attention due to its delicious cuisine and relaxing atmosphere. It also ranks first in one-night stands and has the shortest workweek, averaging 27 hours.
The people of Edinburgh know how to have fun. They like to drink and suffer from a hangover 24 days a year.
Barcelona residents attend cultural events 71 times a year. Residents also love to go to restaurants.
Philadelphia has been voted one of the world's most affordable and pleasant cities to live by its citizens. Residents spend only 24 minutes commuting to and from work.
Residents of Lisbon eat a lot, often spend time with family and are open to dating and love. Nightly entertainment costs about $46.
The inhabitants of this city like to drink, but not only alcohol. In the ranking, they are leading in tea consumption.
Felipe Gabaldon/Flickr.com The capital of Spain is known for its rich cultural life and numerous restaurants that are very popular with residents.
According to 86% of respondents, there is always something to do and see in London. Most spend time away from home up to eight times a month. However, it is difficult to make friends here, impossible, and the prices are not the most affordable.
Nine out of ten respondents in Melbourne admitted that they felt happy over the past day. Residents also find it easy to make friends here and take pride in the restaurants and cafes.
Troubled New York ranks first in nightlife and second in culture. It has also become one of the most desirable places to visit this year, despite the fact that it is quite difficult to make friends here.
The friendly people of Porto are proud of their city, where they can be themselves. An evening out costs only $37.
Chicago has the best restaurants, the happiest and proudest residents, rich cultural life and affordable prices. The only drawback of this city is that it is not very safe in it.
1It has been proved that the processes of urbanization, population concentration, scientific and economic potential in the largest cities are an objective reality of the modern world. An important indicator when choosing a city for life in it is its attractiveness. A component of the attractiveness of the territory is the comfort of life, which reflects the degree of satisfaction of the material, cultural and spiritual needs of a person. Comfort can be measured using a set of objective indicators, taking into account the characteristics of one's own urban lifestyle. The consumer is not interested in the territory itself, but in its value, which is determined by the main characteristics: a set of tangible and intangible benefits, the uniqueness of the territory, the adaptability of the territory. The article highlights the parameters for assessing the comfort and attractiveness of life in the city, presents the results of a sociological survey conducted in Kazan. Weaknesses of the city's development are identified based on an analysis of the opinions of citizens and recommendations are given for their elimination.
city competitiveness
comfort and attractiveness of living in the city
1. Grinchel B. M., Kostyleva N. E., Dergacheva E. A. The most important factors in ensuring the competitiveness of cities. Scientific materials of the XIV international conference of local authorities EUROGRAD 2004 "Innovation for urban development: e-government and strategic projects". - St. Petersburg: In-t "EUROGRAD", 2004. - S. 137.
2. Meshcheryakov T. V. Image of the city as a strategic factor in effective marketing of the territory // Problems of modern economics. - No. 2 (30).
3. Muzafarov A. A. Comfort living in the city // Electronic scientific journal "Regional Economics" URL: http://journal.vlsu.ru/ Access mode: free.
4. Nikolaeva N. A. Competitiveness of the city: the view of foreign scientists // Marketing in Russia and abroad. - 2001. - № 6 - http://www.cfin.ru/press/marketing/2001-6/07.shtml/ Access mode: free.
5. Savchuk T. V. Territorial marketing. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009. - 368 p.: ill. (Series "Tutorial").
The processes of urbanization, population concentration, scientific and economic potential in the largest cities are an objective reality of the modern world. Today, 3/4 of the population of Russia, 90% of the population of Europe and half of the world's population live in cities. In the context of economic globalization, competition is a necessary tool for the development of the territory, which arose as a result of the failure of the federal center's method of leveling territories, which was actively used in the conditions of a command-administrative economy. Previously, the territory was considered as an object of exploitation: people lived in a certain territory, used all its natural resources, satisfying their minimum basic needs.
In a market economy, the territory begins to be considered from other positions:
- as an object of application by a person of his intellectual, financial, innovative potential;
- as a place to satisfy a person's need for rest, entertainment;
- as a place of conducting non-commercial activities, etc.
Thus, a person who intends to settle in a particular city, first of all, is looking for a territory where he can fulfill all of the above requirements. He has a choice, and he can compare alternatives, competitive advantages and disadvantages of cities. According to T. V. Savchuk, the competitive advantage of a territory is a set of certain characteristics that make a city more perfect and attractive in the eyes of consumers in comparison with similar cities with a similar set of characteristics. As a result, the territory that “offers” the best conditions wins. Here there is an objective competition between the territories for their inhabitants. A close concept to competitiveness is the attractiveness of the city, in terms of the place of concentration of various activities. . Moreover, the city should be attractive not only for enterprises, investors, tourists, but also for its population. Residents of the city are important factors such as the level of current prices for consumer goods and services, the level of wages, the availability of housing, jobs, that is, in other words, the standard of living of the population, which is a characteristic of the competitiveness of the city.
This idea is continued and deepened by A. A. Muzafarov, who calls the city ideal if it maintains a balance between various sectors of the economy, but at the same time attention is paid to the following factors: ensuring civil rights and improving living conditions; reflecting the way of life and thoughts of its inhabitants in city politics; taking into account the interests of all who work, live and rest in the city.
City authorities are beginning to realize that the prosperity of the territory depends on the ongoing policy of socio-economic development of the city. It is important to create conditions for strengthening the "competitive advantage" of the city, that is, to maintain the ever-growing standard of living of the city by increasing the productivity of the use of labor and capital by both existing and new enterprises. Despite the fact that cities are developing, and a certain policy is being pursued in them to improve living conditions, at the same time, the population's requirements for improving the quality of life and the comfort of living in the city are constantly growing.
A component of the attractiveness of the territory is the comfort of life, which reflects the degree of satisfaction of the material, cultural and spiritual needs of a person. Comfort can be measured using a set of objective indicators, taking into account the peculiarities of one's own urban lifestyle. In general, the consumer is not interested in the territory itself, but in its value, which is determined by the main characteristics:
1) a set of material goods that a consumer can acquire by receiving a certain amount of income. In fact, this is the cost of living conditions in a given city. For a city dweller, important economic indicators will be the level of income and expenses, which are determined by the average salary and the average cost of basic goods and services for the population, including taxes. Residents' spending determines the value of a commodity. Therefore, cities compete primarily in the area of cost of living (living expenses). For the population, the availability of medical, educational, legal, transport, entertainment and other types of services and their quality are also important;
2) a set of intangible characteristics that are associated with the possibility of obtaining professional services in all spheres of human life, the comfort of living, the possibility of professional and personal growth. In addition, the following are important for the consumer: the atmosphere of the city, historical traditions, culture, religious tolerance, social mood in the city, the level of social tension associated with the differentiation of incomes of the population;
3) the uniqueness of the territory, which is determined by the location of the city, its landscape, as well as the peculiarities of taxation, the attractiveness of the territory in terms of doing business, the presence of unique educational institutions or architectural features. The ecology of a territory can also be considered as its uniqueness;
4) the adaptability of the territory is its ability to change to meet the changing requirements of the consumer. It can be expressed in the flexibility of the response of the local administration to the demands of the population or entrepreneurship in ensuring civil rights and initiatives of residents, in improving living conditions or doing business, in taking into account the interests of various groups of the population.
Thus, among the indicators of the level of comfort of the city, the following can be distinguished: the illumination of the city streets, cleanliness, the presence of green areas, the condition of the roads, safety in general in the city, the environment, the presence of traffic jams, the availability of places for recreation, the beauty of the city.
To assess the comfort of the city, the survey took into account such parameters as:
- frequency of visiting social, cultural and entertainment, household facilities;
- convenience of location of different objects;
- cost of services (their availability);
- the level of satisfaction with the quality of the services offered.
The attractiveness of living in the city is a broader concept, which, in my opinion, includes the following components: comfort of living in the city, the opportunity to get a job, the presence of discrimination, information openness, religious tolerance, conflict, social tension, the culture of the population, the opportunity to get an education , the ability to realize their interests, the ability to do business, the objectivity of the city media, trust in city authorities, the opportunity to participate in solving city problems.
Based on the above understanding of the attractiveness of living in the city, I conducted a sociological survey, the purpose of which was to assess the attractiveness of living in the city of Kazan from the point of view of its residents. The sample consisted of 642 people, taking into account the area of residence of the respondent, the distribution of respondents was by gender (45% of men, 55% of women), by age, education, income and area of residence. We present the main conclusions of the study.
The good news is that the majority of citizens (90%) like to live in the city of Kazan, while 38% live in the city for more than 40 years, 19% - from 26 to 40 years, 18% - live in the city from 16 to 25 years. Despite the difference in income, there is a trend of positive attitude towards the city, 86.4% of residents like the city and only 13.6% gave a negative answer.
Despite this, there is a third of the residents who would prefer to change their place of residence. To the question "Would you move to live in another place, if there was such an opportunity", 38.5% - gave a positive answer, while 11% - would go to another city, 9% - to the countryside and 18% - abroad . Consequently, the city has problems that do not suit the residents. Let us consider how the residents as a whole rated the main parameters of the city on a 4-point scale. First, we highlight the characteristics of the city that received high marks.
Citizens love their city and appreciate its beauty, this is confirmed by the answers of respondents who rated the beauty of the city as "excellent" - 25.9%, "good" - 48.0%. But there are those who put "satisfactory" - 22.1%, "bad" - 3.0%, the rest do not know, they are 1.1%. In addition, there is another strong side of our city - this is religious tolerance and tolerance of citizens. Thus, 11.4% of the respondents gave “excellent”, 51.7% “good”, 25.1% “satisfactory”, 4.0% “bad”, and 7.8% “don't know”.
Despite the difference in income, there is such a positive trend throughout the city that the citizens have the desire and opportunity to visit entertainment facilities. Thus, 16% of residents go to the theater often, and 58.8% - sometimes. Cinemas are frequented by 27.7% of citizens, and 41.9% - sometimes. Eat often in restaurants - 27.7% of respondents, 45% - sometimes they can afford it. 9.9% of the respondents visit concert halls often and 60.4% sometimes. At the same time, almost all of the listed facilities (grocery stores, cinemas, restaurants, cafes, nightclubs, schools, kindergartens, beauty salons, dry cleaners, pharmacies) are located conveniently in relation to their place of residence.
Respondents were asked to evaluate the indicators of comfort and attractiveness of the city as a whole on a 4-point scale (“excellent”, “good”, “satisfactory”, “bad”). Having calculated the average score for each criterion, the following result was obtained: the illumination of the streets of the city is estimated by residents at 3.39 points; the cleanliness of the city as a whole - 3.37; the presence of green areas - 3.13; road condition - 2.68; safety in general in the city - 3.28; ecology - 2.84; the presence of traffic jams on the road - 2.45; availability of places for recreation - 3.39; the beauty of the city - 3.98 (the highest score of all criteria). Thus, the average indicator of the level of comfort in the city of Kazan in the eyes of residents is 3.19 points.
Having calculated the average indicators of the level of attractiveness of the city, the following result was obtained. Residents of the city highly appreciated the following components:
- the opportunity to get an education - 4.43 points;
- the ability to realize their interests - 3.89 points;
- religious tolerance - 3.76 points;
- lack of discrimination - 3.67 points.
Let us now list the components of the attractiveness of the city, which, according to the residents of the city, received a low score:
- conflict, social tension - 3.49 points;
- information openness - 3.31 points;
- culture of the population - 3.17 points;
- objectivity of city media - 3.17 points;
- trust in city authorities - 2.96 points;
- the opportunity to participate in solving urban problems - 2.89 points;
- the opportunity to get a job - 2.88 points;
- opportunity to do business - 2.13 points.
These parameters of the attractiveness of the city can be attributed to problem points. Thus, the average level of attractiveness of the city of Kazan, including the parameters and its comfort, is 3.3 points.
- maintaining the stability of the urban community through correcting the spontaneous processes of polarization of society, preventing social differentiation in society from exceeding acceptable limits;
- increasing the level of comfort of the city population through improving the environmental situation in the city, improving the quality of roads, expanding green areas in the city, reducing fees for housing and communal services;
- expanding the diversity of jobs to increase job search opportunities;
- maintaining a stable positive social mood in the city through the control of cases of discrimination;
- improving the conditions for doing business;
- development of confidence in the city authorities through active communication work with the citizens of the city;
- increasing the activity of citizens through information work and holding mass city events for the improvement of the city.
These activities will help increase the attractiveness of the city of Kazan, and, consequently, its competitiveness among million-plus cities.
Reviewers:
Razumovskaya E. M., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head. Department of Management of the Service Sector of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University", Kazan.
Rudolf K. V., Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the FGAO UVPO "Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University", Kazan.
Bibliographic link
Glebova I.S. ASSESSMENT OF COMFORT AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF LIFE IN THE CITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAN) // Modern problems of science and education. - 2013. - No. 5.;URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=10020 (date of access: 12/22/2019). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"
Vinogradova Angelina Sergeevna, Lecturer, Branch of the Samara State Technical University in Syzran
Mashina Anastasia Anatolyevna, 2nd year student of the specialty "National Economics" [email protected]
Tourist attraction of the city of Syzran and the Syzran region
Annotation. This article considers the tourist potential of the city of Syzran, the goal is to identify the spatial structures of tourism, as well as to determine the role of the resource category in the formation of tourist demand and implicitly tourist consumption (as a general approach to tourist attractiveness). Key words: demand, tourist attraction, tourism , region.
The problem of assessing the tourist attractiveness and determining the tourist potential of a particular territory is always a very difficult research task. It is necessary to pay special attention to both indicators, which are in close relationship with each other. Many researchers even find it quite spontaneous and sometimes unpredictable. Its study began in the middle of the 20th century. Naturally, in this regard, the question arises of what is the tourism potential of the region. It should be noted that previous scientific research has significantly expanded the subject side of this scientific field. In particular, the very concept of the tourist potential of the territory has significantly expanded. We are talking about the transition from the traditional identification of something “existing”, for example, in terms of supply and demand, to something “possible”, primarily in terms of the presence of tourism resources or attractive tourist sites in a given territory. Changing this paradigm was necessary, first of all, in order to be able to predict the development of the tourism sector or to foresee its future evolution. The object of the study is the city of Syzran and the Syzran region. The subject of the study is the tourist attractiveness of the city. The aim of the work is to identify the spatial structures of tourism, as well as to determine the role of the resource category in the formation of tourism demand.
During the project implementation, the following main methods of qualitative research were used:
in-depth interviews (tour operators, travel companies, representatives of regional authorities);
SWOT analysis; The expediency of using these methods is due to the need to identify the qualitative characteristics of the subject, which can be manifested in a personal conversation (interview), as well as in a public discussion of the problem. When assessing the tourist attractiveness and competitiveness of the region, the most significant factors in the development of tourism are taken into account.1. For recreational tourism: natural conditions, safety, remoteness from key client markets, the level of development of transport infrastructure, etc.2. For business tourism: business activity in the region, the level of development of hotel infrastructure, business environment, etc. This topic is relevant because tourism will help the economy move to a new level. Attraction of investments, construction of resorts, development of industry, leading to new cooperation, all this opens up new opportunities. At present, questions are often raised in Russia about the need to form and develop tourist attractiveness, and relevant regulations and programs are being adopted. In practice, there is an identification of tourism, tourism activities and tourist attraction. At the same time, such an identification is at least unauthorized and requires further explanation. Thus, it is required to define the fundamental concepts that affect the activity of forming tourist attractiveness in the region, the development of the basic principles of its formation. Tourism is an integral part of society, being a global phenomenon in the modern era. Tourist activity in modern society seems to be a “comfortable” and “profitable” object of management in all aspects. “Tourism” is a rather complex and multifaceted phenomenon;
a form of consumption, it is also the most important cultural phenomenon. Tourism can also be presented as a peculiar form of relations between producers and consumers of tourism services in connection with which tourism can be considered as a new form and a new indicator of social stratification. As a result, tourism as a root concept helps more accurately define the category of "tourist attraction". To a greater extent, this concept refers to the economic sphere and is studied within the framework of marketing and economic disciplines. However, the sociological approach makes it possible to reveal the content and characteristics of the phenomenon of tourism and its definition of "tourist attractiveness" in more depth. In particular, from the standpoint of the sociology of management, the tourist attractiveness of the region is the goal and result of the social management activities of individual and collective social actors. The definition of "tourist attractiveness" is multifaceted and complex, including such concepts as tourism potential, tourism features, tourist base, a lot others. At the same time, “tourist attractiveness” is an element included in the definition of such concepts as “competitiveness of the region”, “brand of the region”, “investment potential of the region”, etc. In its most general form, tourist attractiveness implies an approach based on dependence between possible and existing elements
and tourist demand. In other words, tourist attraction is a function of the interaction between supply and demand. Attractiveness actually makes it possible to evaluate the influence of territorial internal forces (supply) on external forces (demand), and vice versa, since there is a consistent feedback. It appears that
tourist
attractiveness as a measuring instrument of the tourism system, it is perhaps better to express the relationship between "possible" and "existing", as well as between "existing" and "consumed". It is possible to give such an interpretation of the tourist attractiveness of the region - this is a combination of its objective and subjective characteristics, material and non-material factors that affect the results of tourism activities and determine the position of the region for tourists and tourism entities, including the resource infrastructure potential of tourism activities and the socio-institutional risks of its implementation on a given territory. The tourist attractiveness of the region is based on the social institution of tourism and its functions. Therefore, from the standpoint of the subjects of management, it should be of particular importance, integrating the interconnections, interdependencies, interactions of all social strata and groups, predetermining, in an indirect form, significant social processes and changes, being a relatively independent social industry participating in public relations, stratification dynamics and social mobility. One can schematically represent the place of tourist attraction of the region as follows (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Tourist attractiveness of the region Recently, new approaches have emerged in studying the tourism potential through the prism of tourist attractiveness. The methods developed by Smith S. and revised by P. E. Lovingwood and L. E. Mitchell use a wide range of tourism data such as hotel rooms, restaurants, campsites, number of natural objects, etc. This empirical material was introduced in turnover in the analysis of the tourism potential of the Canadian province of Ontario and the state of South Carolina in the United States. Their method of study is based on the consideration of a series of indices describing the basic structure of tourism resources through the analysis of its principal components. Then, a calculation is made for each territorial entity, identification of the regional entity, after which the grouping of territorial entities with similar resource characteristics into certain clusters is carried out. Finally, the regional characteristics of territorial clusters are compared with data on tourism demand, in order to illustrate the economic importance of tourism in each region (country). Since the object of our study is Syzran and the Syzran region, the main focus of our study will be to try to identify the spatial structures of tourism, as well as to determine the role of the resource category in the formation of tourist demand and implicitly tourist consumption. The city of Syzran is located at the foot of the Volga Upland, on the right bank of the Volga River (137 km downstream from Samara), at the mouth of the Syzranka River. Geographical coordinates of the extreme points of the region:
53°10" north latitude,
48 ° 30 "East. Syzran occupies an advantageous transport and geographical position. A six-way railway passes through its territory, connecting the city with all CIS countries, as well as a federal highway and the Volga River Route. Speaking about the advantages of the tourism sector of the region, it should be noted geographical characteristics The administrative center of the Syzrani urban district of the Syzran district (not included in the district) Located on the right bank of the Saratov reservoir of the Volga river The city is located at the foot of the Volga Upland, on the right bank of the Volga river (Saratov reservoir), at the mouth of the Syzranka river, 137 km west of Samaryv downstream. the city is 117 km², and within the boundaries of the urban district is 136.06 km² The climate is temperate continental; air temperature - max in July up to 40 ° C, min in January - minus 43 ° C; average annual precipitation is 376 mm; prevailing wind directions are western and southwestern; average ten-day you hundreds of snow cover for the winter are 45 cm; the average annual air temperature is 5.4 ° C; the relative humidity of the air is 71.2%; the average wind speed is 3.2 m / s. Allows you to practice various types of tourism, from the simple operation of holiday homes to ski resorts, which makes the development of this industry more sustainable. Let's consider what internal and external factors can influence the attraction of tourists to the Syzran region. Table 1SWOT analysis of the city of Syzran and the Syzran region
Positive Factors Negative Factors
Strengths (strengths) Weaknesses (weaknesses) Internal factors
a relatively unified area with a structure, organization and demographics very similar in dimension; natural resources definitely constitute and may be the focus of future tourist attraction; cultural resources are important, through gravity around point objects of the city or cultural and religious heritage;
– a distinctly low level of tourism demand for the region as well as low interest in long-term spending. – a very low level of supply of accommodation and tourism infrastructure, which does not allow for an increase in tourist visits to the region. – below average level of benefits from tourism activities in the local economy, especially social benefits and welfare;
bad ecology
Opportunities (opportunities) Threats (threats) External factors
Development of the demographic situation of the city and region
The emergence of a number of complex projects to promote
Economic Crisis in Russia
Decline in the purchasing power of the population of the tourist attractiveness of Syzran and the Syzran region
Construction projects of tourist complexesIndustrial development and cooperation with foreign countries Opening of new enterprises and, as a result, the emergence of new jobs, which leads to an improvement in the economic situation
The instability of Russia's foreign policy
The Swot analysis carried out helped to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the socio-economic development of the Syzran region, as well as threats and opportunities. Based on this, it is possible to propose a set of measures to improve the socio-economic development of the region and its tourist attractiveness. For example, in order to attract tourists and develop tourism infrastructure in the city of Syzran, construction begins: an active recreation center "Volzhskaya Skazka". It is located near the village of Novokashpirsky. The objects of summer use there will be: outdoor sports grounds, a beach, a boat station, an artificial rock for rock climbers, mountain bike rental. In winter, a ski complex will also be opened, which will include: ski slopes with a length of more than 4 km, a 4-seater chairlift, a towing cable car, a training slope, a snowboard park with a separate lift, snowmobile rental. Market participants believe that there is potential for the development of ski resorts, but investors are scared off by the fact that if this business is developed only in the winter, it may become self-sufficient, but it will not bring profit. In any case, the money invested in such projects is "long", the payback period is about 20 years.
The tourist potential of the city contributes to the development of the economy, thanks to cooperation with foreign countries, a convenient geographical location, as well as an oil hub. The opening of new enterprises, shopping and cultural complexes not only expands the opportunities for residents, but also provides the city with new jobs, which is certainly better affects the demographic and economic situation of Syzran. Also, the opening of new cultural and entertainment complexes will attract investors who will invest in the development of our city and its economy. Based on the foregoing, we can say that tourism is one of the most profitable ways to develop the economy. Tourist and tourist attractiveness can be called one of the main factors competitiveness of the territory (country, region, locality). Tourist attractiveness is more directly related to the concept of "tourism" and can be considered both from the point of view of tourists and from the point of view of the target group of investors. Thus, the concept of "tourist attractiveness » is certainly related to the state of tourism resources and the level of infrastructure, therefore, it includes an assessment of the tourist attractiveness of the territory and an analysis of the availability of a possible adequate tourist offer. But, in addition, it should be borne in mind that the tourist attractiveness of the region depends on on the preferences of tourists, which means that it involves an analysis of regional conditions and opportunities in terms of the emergence of tourist demand.
Angelina S. Vinogradova, Lecturer, Samara State Technical University in Syzran Anastasia A. Machine, 2 nd year student "National Economy" [email protected] attraction and Syzran Syzransky districtAbstract:This article discusses the tourism potential of the city Syzran , set a goal to identify spatial patterns of tourism , as well as to determine the role of the resource categories in the formation of tourist demand and implicitly tourist consumption (as agegeneral approach to the tourist attraction) .Keywords:demand , tourist attraction, tourism , region.
Classification of real estate objects
Classification of residential properties.
On the example of an adapted summary classification of objects (Silver Sky Development, Ukraine), we will consider the types of residential real estate objects.
1. Classes "Economy", "Economy +"
Characteristics:
Panel, monolithic-frame houses
Low quality thermal insulation
Technically poorly equipped
Multi-front houses or cascade construction
The total area of one house is from 12,000 to 20,000 sq.m., a residential complex - up to 45,000 sq.m.
Apartments in the house more than 150
Floors from 10 floors and above
1st floor - small shops, cafes, small services, no offices
Building areas - sleeping areas
Apartments are rented without finishing, iron doors, water meters, inexpensive windows, open balconies
Panel houses are rented with finishing with domestic materials
There are from 4-6 apartments on the staircase, recreations are small, sometimes there are technical rooms
The proportion in the house according to the format of apartments is more than 1 and 2-room
The formats are typical 1-room - about 40 sq.m., 2-room - about 60 sq.m., 3-room. - about 80 sq.m., 4-room. (90 sq.m.) very little or not at all
small parking area, ground parking, no guest parking
ceilings 2.65-2.75
1st floor - possible infrastructure, social and cultural life
fixed price
The "Economy+" class is distinguished by an improved location, a large footage of apartments, and sometimes additional infrastructure.
2. Class "Business", "Business +"
Characteristics:
Monolith with brick partitions, brick
The total area of the house is usually no more than 10,000-12,000 sq.m.
The building has no more than 150 apartments
1-2 sections, cascades are architecturally separated from each other
Location in the center or close to the center or a separate area on the array
Individual project, the possibility of free redevelopment
Floors up to 24 floors
Ceilings 3-3.20 m.
Guarded entrance
1.2 floor - infrastructure, offices, large format stores
Up to 4-6 apartments on one site
Redesign on request
High quality plastic windows
Quality entry doors
On the top floor - attic apartments with improved layout, penthouses
Less than 1-room, there are 4, 5-room, sometimes penthouses. Leading 3 and 4-room apartments.
Improved basic finishes, good quality radiators, sometimes internal wooden doors
Medium formats 1-room - 60-70, 2-room - 80-90 sq.m., 3-room - 120-150 sq.m., 4 rooms. – 160-170 sq.m., duplex apartments
Landscaping - playground, lawns
Underground parking, 1 place for 1 apartment + guest parking
Price differentiation by floor, view from windows, area, attic, penthouse is more expensive - penthouse format - from 300 to 400 sq.m.
Class "Business +" has an improved location, sometimes additional infrastructure.
3. Elite class
Characteristics:
The total area of the house is up to 12,000 sq.m.
Floors from 5 floors to 7
1 section
Up to 40 apartments in the house
Brick
The average format of an apartment is 150 sq.m., formats from 90 sq.m. up to 400 sq.m.
Central location, park area, good view, self-contained building
Two-level apartments, the prevalence of apartments is more than 100 sq.m.
Individual project, individual layout of all apartments
High-quality primary finishing with expensive materials
Ceilings up to 3.50
big hall
Private detached yard
Large parking - 2 spaces per apartment + guest places
Concierge service for residents
central guard
Centralized technical system, air conditioning, water and air purification
Autonomous technical services - water, electricity, heating
Provision of communications (digital communications, Internet, satellite, cable TV)
Additional options - own swimming pool, sauna, car wash, car repair service, gym
There are no more than 2 apartments on the site or separate sections of 2 apartments each
Additional options - a rest room for drivers, a room for strollers and bicycles, etc.
Own operation service
Good view from the windows
Areas from 150 sq.m. to 500 sq.m.,
2 parking spaces per apartment, guest parking
Extended service for residents - own delivery, baby-sitter services, etc.
Classification of commercial real estate objects
To date, the following parameters are considered for the classification of objects:
1. the scale of the object (regional, district, district);
2. pricing policy (high, medium, low);
3. product specialization;
4. main consumer;
5. infrastructure and service, the presence of additional centers of attraction for buyers;
6. location;
7. constructive, architecture and finishing, planning solutions;
8. parking;
9. building management, security.
10. the age of the building, the qualifications of the workers and the quality of the materials used in the construction (reconstruction).
Thus, the parameters by which the classification of retail real estate is carried out are clearly defined, but development and consulting organizations have not yet come to a common decision on what criteria should be inherent in a particular class.
Within the framework of the above main qualification features, the following types of commercial real estate objects are distinguished:
1) Depending on the scale of the object (taking into account the type of building (buildings) and the features of its space-planning solution):
A complex of buildings with its own territory (shopping malls (TC), shopping malls (TRK), shopping centers (TC), malls, hyper malls, hypermarkets);
detached buildings-shops (supermarkets, department stores);
lower floors in a residential or office building (grocery, department stores, pharmacies);
built-in and attached premises, pavilions (small trading enterprises serving residents of the microdistrict);
non-residential premises for free use (first floors and basements of a residential building);
non-residential premises for free use before finishing or reconstruction.
2) Depending on the structural device:
Store-warehouse (has landscaped areas, sheds, warehouses);
store (stationary building or part of it, having a land plot);
pavilion (equipped building with a trading floor and a room for storing goods);
kiosk (room equipped with commercial equipment);
tent (non-stationary, collapsible structure)
3) According to the range of goods sold and the size of the trading area and taking into account product specialization:
Mixed (trading both food and non-food products);
universal (realizing a universal assortment of food or non-food products - a supermarket, a department store, etc.);
combined (realizing several groups of goods united by a common demand - meat / fish or goods for children);
specialized (selling goods of one commodity group - meat, fish, knitwear, etc.);
highly specialized (selling goods of a part of a product group - for example, one brand name)
4) According to the pricing policy:
High price category of goods - mostly well-known, expensive brands and brands;
medium price category - good quality goods, brands that do not position themselves as expensive or little-known brands;
low price category - goods of medium and low quality, unknown brands or fake well-known expensive brands sold at a very low price.
The boom in the commercial real estate market in the regional cities of Russia is forcing developers to more and more carefully study the investment attractiveness of a particular city. Our abstract provides the main provisions of the methodology for the initial assessment of the city in terms of its potential for an investor, and also describes the main criteria based on which one can judge the overall development of a particular territory.
It is important to note that investment attractiveness will change depending on the goals. If, for example, an investor wants to invest in the construction of residential real estate, then one set of criteria will be essential for him, and another for investing in warehouse real estate, and a third for a retail real estate project.
The main thing in this process is the quantitative assessment of each criterion and its maximum values in modern conditions. The solution of these issues is associated with serious analytical work and information search, determination of assessments (including expert ones) and the creation of a general picture of the investment attractiveness of the city.
Geographical position: The location of the city on the map, its climatic conditions, proximity to other regions and countries is one of the main criteria for investment attractiveness.
Administrative status of the city:
- federal significance;
- republican significance;
- marginal value;
- regional significance;
- regional significance.
Group of demographic criteria: One of the most important criteria that determine the investment attractiveness of the city is the population. The next criterion is population growth. It is estimated as a percentage and can be positive or negative. If the value of population growth is negative, then you should seriously think about the causes of population decline. population growth population depends on the birth rate, death rate and population migration. If the birth rate exceeds the death rate, then this indicates a positive demographic trend in the city. A positive migration increase is not always a positive process, for example, the return of previously deported persons often leads to a deterioration in the social situation in the city, an aggravation of the crime situation. Essential criteria are average age, the percentage of the able-bodied population and the average level of its education. Currently, in many cities there is an "aging" and a decrease in the proportion of the working population, which significantly reduces the investment attractiveness of the city. The unemployment rate shows what proportion of the able-bodied population cannot find formal work, receives unemployment subsidies and does not contribute to the city's economy .
The main indicators of the socio-economic development of the city: An important criterion is the average income of the population. Usually, the official information of the State Statistics Committee is used as a relative qualitative characteristic. The presence of large operating enterprises is a very favorable factor. The presence of enterprises producing materials and equipment necessary for construction and repair work has a positive impact on the investment attractiveness of the city. Significant are the facts of inclusion of the city in the federal or other development program, under which budgetary funds are allocated. An important criterion for an investor is the loyalty of the city's leadership to the development project and the company that represents it. The presence of an "administrative resource" simplifies the promotion of the project.
The above list of criteria is not exhaustive. When considering specific projects, such as the average supply of housing, supply of retail space or office space, the state of the housing stock, supply / demand for various types of real estate, etc. may appear. When assessing the investment attractiveness of a city, all criteria should be considered in aggregate.
If the proposal meets the Project Selection Criteria, then a full project review is carried out, which involves:
Carrying out marketing expertise with a thorough study of the specifics of the region (conducted "desk" and "field" research at the site of the proposed project);
Creation of a financial model of the project and its analysis;
Examination of the legal purity and readiness of the project;
Evaluation of the technical literacy of the project.
Upon completion of the work of the expert group, a Consolidated report on the examination of the project is formed, in which all the strengths and weaknesses of the project and the possible risks of participation in the project are determined, conclusions and conclusions are drawn. The summary report on the project appraisal is the basis for making a decision on entering the project.
Criteria for assessing city districts (on the example of cities)
Distribution of cities by investment levels. Currently, it is believed that investment in fixed assets is one of the most important indicators of the prospects of cities. Investment projects in the form of investments in the creation and re-equipment of industries, investments in construction, housing reconstruction and renovation of urban infrastructures have a long service life and payback period. Therefore, these investments are made, as a rule, after a serious analysis of the prospects and risks of implementing investment projects, which allows us to consider investments as an independent assessment of the prospects for investments in the development of the city.
Investments differ by types of investment sources - extra-budgetary and budgetary. At the same time, extra-budgetary (private) investments are divided into external and internal, and budgetary - into federal, regional and municipal. Off-budget external investments are made by external private companies, and off-budget internal investments are made by private companies located in the city. Budget investments, respectively, can be made from the budgets of the Russian Federation, the region and the municipal (city) budgets.
Thus, the level of investment, on the one hand, is a measure of the prospects of the city (according to external and internal private investors), and on the other hand, a measure of the strategic and responsibility of the city government.
The activities of the city authorities, as a rule, are focused on solving the operational problems of maintaining urban life support infrastructures. Effective operational management provides a positive image of the authorities and is an important political trump card in the elections to various authorities. At the same time, the concentration of power solely on solving operational problems makes it impossible to solve long-term strategic problems of urban development. Focusing on “popular” solutions, refusing to reallocate resources to solve long-term strategic tasks leads to increased risks for the city in the future, while the “present” begins to exist at the expense of the “future”.
In Russia, there is a practice of subsidizing cities and unprofitable branches of the urban economy - both at the level of the federation and the region, and at the level of city budgets. At the same time, such subsidies are often classified as irretrievable investments. When conducting a comparative analysis of cities by the level of investment, we considered the overall level of investment: external and internal investment in production, all budget investments, including non-repayable investments.
Features of the elite area. The formation of the image of a modern large metropolis largely depends on the location of industrial enterprises, the most important highways, residential and business areas, and the concentration of the most important objects.
Real estate agencies note the fact that today any place in the historical center of the city is no longer attractive in terms of a potential place of residence. The “elite area” category currently includes an area that harmoniously embodies the high level of comfort of residential buildings with a unique architectural appearance of the area that has preserved quiet green areas. It is worth noting that the degree of air pollution has long been one of the main factors determining the prestige of a particular area. At present, when compiling a district prestige rating, the quality of construction of houses, the use of modern construction technologies and new high-quality materials in the process of building a house are taken into account.
Modern buyers have begun to evaluate this essential feature - the quality of built houses, on which a higher level of convenience depends, and the compliance of the presented characteristics of the area with the parameters indicated above determines the degree of its prestige.
When choosing luxury housing, one should take into account the fact that its location is one of the main parameters that affect the cost of a future apartment. Remember that the price of 1 km² of real estate depends on the area in which it is located.
The degree of prestige of the area is determined by the following factors:
The location of the district relative to the central part of the city;
Availability in the area (as a percentage) of quality built houses;
Equivalent environment, expressed in the high social standard of living of residents;
Low population concentration;
Availability of playgrounds (see Fig. 2), park areas, squares;
Developed infrastructure;
The historical value of the structures located in the area;
Absence of gas pollution, hazardous industries, noise, which form a favorable environmental situation;
Absence in the area of prisons, psychiatric and infectious diseases hospitals that cause psychological discomfort;
All these features and has a real elite area.
Criteria for assessing Moscow districts: When choosing an apartment, one of the main parameters that influence, on the one hand, the decision of the buyer, and on the other hand, determines the price of the future apartment is its location. Today, the cost of purchased or sold housing will depend on the area in which it is located. This is especially noticeable in the case of elite apartments in Moscow. We will tell you in detail about what any client should know about the area where the property is located, regardless of whether he wants to buy an apartment or sell an existing home.
The appearance of modern Moscow (see Fig. 2) is largely determined today by the location of the most important highways and industrial enterprises, the location of residential and business areas, and the location of the most important objects. The appearance of the city began to take shape in the 18th century according to a radial-ring or fan type, while the boundaries of the city gradually expanded, including new areas within Moscow.
If we talk about Moscow in general, then for a long time one of the important factors determining the prestige and quality of a particular area was the direction of the passage of air masses over the capital. The fact is that the wind rose in the capital is such that the masses of polluted air are carried to the east and southeast, and, as a result, these areas are less prestigious and popular.
Gradually, when determining the prestige rating of a particular area, the quality of construction began to be taken into account. The development and implementation of modern construction technologies, new high-quality materials made it possible to achieve a higher level of comfort and convenience. Buyers began to reconsider the concept of the elitism of the area, evaluating another significant feature - the quality of the houses built.
Gradually, in combination with the unevenness of the territories within the administrative divisions, this determined the departure from such a practice, when any place in the historical center of the city or in the western direction was considered attractive. Any direction in the capital is a combination of heterogeneous areas in terms of density and quality of development, social environment and infrastructure. Not all areas of the center of the capital can be called elite. This category includes only small islands-oases, which harmoniously combine the unique architectural appearance of the area, quiet green areas and a high level of comfort of residential buildings.
Today, the prestige of the area is largely determined by the following factors:
Location of the district relative to the city center (inside the Garden Ring (see Fig. 4) and in directions - outside it);
Historical and architectural value of buildings, their external attractiveness and the degree of physical deterioration;
Availability of necessary infrastructure in the area;
The number of high quality houses in the area, the presence of an equivalent environment (see Fig. 5);
Low concentration of the population, favorable social composition of the inhabitants;
Favorable ecological situation (absence of hazardous industries, gas pollution, background radiation, noise);
Low level of crime;
The absence of objects in the area, the proximity to which can cause psychological discomfort (prisons, psychiatric and infectious diseases hospitals, dispensaries);
Availability of recreational areas (parks, squares, playgrounds);
Convenience of transport communication.
The completeness of the correspondence of the characteristics of the district to the listed parameters makes it possible to judge the degree of its prestige.
The investment potential of the city is formed by the following competitive advantages:
Developed transport infrastructure;
Developed scientific and technical base;
Availability of industrial potential;
High level of financial infrastructure development;
A special industrial and commercial infrastructure that has developed over the 250-year history of the city, thanks to the traditions of the merchant and industrial and commercial past, which has a positive effect on the development of market relations and entrepreneurial activity;
High consumer potential;
Availability of a skilled workforce.
Investors are interested in the degree of profitability of investments in the city, as well as the potential risk of losing investments. The more stable the financial position of the city, the less risky and more profitable investments in it. Hence, the economic interests of investors lie in the area of assessing the risk and profitability of investment projects, the ability to generate profit. The investment attractiveness of the city is very important for expanding the circle of investors. At the same time, investors already working with the enterprises of the city, with an increase in their financial stability, can invest additional funds. Consequently, the financial stability of the city's enterprises provides an opportunity to attract additional investments, which contributes to the development of the city as a whole.
Investment attractiveness of Novosibirsk. Historically, the interest of the world business community in the young village of railway workers, as the center of the vast Siberian region, arose from the first years of its formation. Investment attractiveness Novosibirsk(see Fig. 6) was due to:
The geographical position of the settlement located at the intersection of the most important transport communications;
Trade and transport potential;
The proximity of the most important raw material bases of Siberia.
In a historically short period of time, the city added new ones to the traditional factors of investment attractiveness:
Developed industrial complex;
Unique scientific and technological potential of four academies of sciences: Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (see Fig. 7), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Branch of the Academy of Architectural Sciences;
The largest multidisciplinary educational complex beyond the Urals;
The status of a metropolis, the administrative center of Siberia, with a developed financial infrastructure.
The investment activity and attractiveness of the city is influenced by:
Multifaceted integration of material, technical and intellectual potential;
Development of international business partnership;
Development of international transport services with transit specialization;
The prospect of creating a multimodal transport hub.
In recent years, there has been an increase in urban planning activities in the city. Investors are attracted by significant material resources of the metropolis:
Developed urban infrastructure;
Industrial and construction sites;
Telecommunication networks;
Housing stock;
Socio-cultural objects.
Promising areas of investment are:
Science and high-tech production;
Tourism and recreation infrastructure;
Hotel business;
Housing construction;
Construction of social and cultural facilities.
Novosibirsk has a huge creative potential and is rightfully considered the cultural center of Siberia. Today's Novosibirsk is a large modern city with all the signs and elements of a metropolis, with a developed engineering infrastructure, transport network, including the metro, utilities and housing stock, with an extensive network of social facilities that ensure the city's normal life. The implementation of investment opportunities and the formation of a favorable investment climate are positively influenced by:
Scientific-industrial and investment policy of the Novosibirsk City Hall;
Stable political situation in the city.
The established approaches to solving the problem of increasing the investment attractiveness of the city and attracting investments allow us to make plans for positioning Novosibirsk as a platform for large-scale investment projects for the development of high-tech business and the necessary utility and engineering infrastructure.
Investment investment. For many Russians, the phrase "investment" is associated with various forms of working with securities, playing on the stock exchange, and other activities that are far from the layman. In fact, many forms of investment are well known to every person. This is any profitable investment made in the expectation that after some time they will return with a profit. Funds are invested not only in securities, but also in real estate, operating businesses, works of art, antiques, debt obligations and much more.
Investing in real estate is a fairly common form of capital allocation. In large Russian cities, the cost of real estate is constantly growing. Real estate can be not only resold at a profit in the future, but also rented out, bringing a stable income to the owner. Residential real estate can be rented out for a long time and daily. In the latter case, the payback period is significantly reduced, but much more effort is required in order to provide it to tenants.
A profitable form of investment is the acquisition of commercial real estate. The advantages of commercial real estate have become especially noticeable recently - when there has been some stabilization of prices in the residential sector, and the cost per square meter in an office or store continues to grow. When investing in commercial real estate, it should be remembered that it will not bring profit "on its own". Commercial real estate requires significantly higher costs for competent management. In the face of increasing competition, modern business and shopping centers managed by professionals are gaining more and more advantages. The appearance, level of service and reputation of an office building and a store directly affects the success of companies operating in it, and hence the number of tenants who may be interested in this object. Therefore, for the development of retail and office buildings, investment management, professionals are increasingly involved - specialists from companies engaged in the promotion of commercial real estate for several years now. Knowledge of market conditions, the ability to competently draw up a project and control all stages of its implementation will help minimize risks and make investing in commercial real estate as profitable as possible.
Literature
1. Igoshin N.V. Investments. Organization of management and financing: Textbook for universities. 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2001. -S.191-196
2. Loss on assignment of investment rights ("Glavbukh". Appendix "Accounting in construction", 2006, N 1)
3. Abramov S.I. Management of investments in fixed capital - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2002. - P.81-83
4. Igonina LL Investments: Proc. allowance / ed. Doctor of Economics Sciences, prof. Slepova V.A. - M.: Economist, 2003. - 478 p.
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