Energy resources of the world ocean. Alternative Energy: Tides Tidal phenomena presentation

04.04.2021

Twice a day at the same time, the ocean level either rises or falls. It is the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun that attract masses of water towards them. Away from the coast, fluctuations in the water level do not exceed 1 m, but near the coast they can reach 13 m, as, for example, in the Penzhina Bay on the Sea of Okhotsk.

A dam is being built at the mouth of a river or bay, in the body of which hydroelectric units are installed. A tidal basin is created behind the dam, which is filled by the tidal current passing through the turbines. At low tide, the flow of water rushes from the pool to the sea, rotating the turbines in the opposite direction. Tidal power plants work according to the following principle

In 1966, the world's first tidal power plant was built in France on the Rance River, with 24 hydroelectric units generating an average of 502 million kW a year. hour of electricity. For this station, a tidal capsule unit has been developed that allows for three direct and three reverse modes of operation: as a generator, as a pump and as a culvert, which ensures efficient operation of the TPP. According to experts, TES Rance is economically justified. The annual operating costs are lower than those of hydroelectric power plants and account for 4% of capital investments. The world's first PES

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Constantly feeling energy hunger, humanity is turning more and more attention towards alternative energy sources. And in this regard, the World Ocean is an inexhaustible storehouse of energy resources. One of the most powerful sources of ocean energy is tidal and tidal currents.

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For centuries, people have pondered the cause of the ebb and flow of the sea. Today we know for certain that the mighty a natural phenomenon- the rhythmic movement of sea waters is caused by the forces of attraction of the moon and the sun.

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The highest and strongest tidal waves occur in shallow and narrow bays or estuaries that flow into the seas and oceans. The tidal wave of the Indian Ocean rolls against the current of the Ganges at a distance of 250 km from its mouth. The tidal wave of the Atlantic Ocean extends 900 km up the Amazon. In closed seas, such as the Black or Mediterranean, small tidal waves 50-70 cm high occur. Tidal waves

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This is a special type of hydroelectric power plant that uses the energy of the tides, but in fact the kinetic energy of the rotation of the Earth. Tidal power plants are built on the shores of the seas, where the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun change the water level twice a day. Water level fluctuations near the coast can reach 13 meters. Tidal power plants

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Alternative energy sources are currently doing their job very well. Wind and solar energy are mainly used in the form of alternative energy. There is also the energy of ebb and flow, which is used quite rarely. Although, it is this alternative way energy generation does not create noise, vibration, and also does not affect nature in any way. To create such sources of energy generation using ebbs and flows, the costs are significantly high. But with the help of unique turbines that convert the movement of water into energy, the price range of such a system can be more affordable.

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Types of energy resources of the oceans

Wave energy
Thermal
energy
Energy
tides and
low tides
Wind energy
Energy
currents

Wave energy

The work of wave energy
stations - the impact of waves on workers
organs, in the form
floats
pendulums
blades
shells
The mechanical energy of their movements
using power generators
converted to electricity.

thermal energy

Expediency
thermal
energy starts with
temperature difference in 20
degrees
Are environmentally friendly
clean mining
energy, but require
large material
costs

Wind energy

The most common type
clean energy
Ocean wind farms generate
more energy as over the seas
and oceans blow more powerful
wind
Leading country in wind energy
– Denmark, about 2500 wind farms
installations, power 200mW

Current energy

The least developed form of energy.
The prospects are not current for
energy production - Gulf Stream,
Kuroshio, Florida, as well as
Straits of Gibraltar,
English Channel, Kuril
Modern equipment
generates energy by flowing into
1m/s

Ebb and flow energy

Twice a day at the same time
ocean level time
goes up, then goes down.
These are the gravitational forces
The moon and sun are attracted to
a body of water.
Far from the shore hesitation
water levels do not exceed 1
m, but near the shore they
can reach 13 m
The most striking example is
Penzhina Bay on Okhotsk
sea.

Ebb and flow energy

The most important type of energy resource for the world's oceans, it is also the most ancient
way. People have been using it since the 16th century! One of the advantages of tidal energy
is its constancy

Tidal power plants

The principle of operation of tidal
power plants
At the mouth of a river or bay is built
dam, in the body of which
hydraulic units installed.
Behind the dam is created
tidal pool, which
filled with tidal
flow passing through
turbines.
At low tide, the flow of water
rushes from the pool to
sea, rotating turbines in
reverse direction.

Building Opportunities

It has been found that the possibilities for
structures of large tidal
power plants are available in 25 - 30 locations.
The largest tidal resources
energy possess Russia, France,
Canada, UK, Australia,
Argentina, USA.
This is due to the presence of coastal
areas where the tide height reaches 1015 m or more.

Conclusion

At present, energy resources are mostly related to the resources of the future,
since they are used on a small scale and only by the most developed,
less often developing countries
The main advantages are environmental friendliness of use and inexhaustibility of resources
Cons - high costs for the construction of the necessary equipment, dependence of countries
from geographic location,

Problems of Modern Energy and Nature Protection Kotova Svetlana, Denisova Ekaterina Kurakhovskaya Gymnasium "Prestige" Nature Protection Contents Modern Energy. Problems and Prospects Nuclear Energy Alternative Energy. Theory and reality Solar energy Wind energy Hydro energy Tidal energy Wave energy Geothermal energy Hydrothermal energy Energy today and tomorrow Modern energy Experts have calculated that energy consumption in the United States is 6 times the world average and 30 times the level of developing countries The information that they offer us Scientists: 1. If developing countries could achieve growth in consumption 2. Let's assume that the necessary energy can be used as a mineral resource of the level of the United States, then explored oil, the entire mass of our planet. the rate of increase in oil reserves would be depleted in 7 years, natural gas - in 5 years, 3.coal At the current pace of development, energy consumption will remain the same as production today, this is the “fuel” of 18 years of energy. If we also take into account the potential reserves of technology, to which on Earth in 240 years will exceed solar energy, there will be a total of 342 years in total. Let's say that while geologists have not been burned, then natural gas should continue to be enough for us for 72 years, falling on our planet, after 800 years, the energy released by our fuel reserves, say, for a million years. If we have its oil in ordinary wells for 60 years, and in all shales and sands, where the sun comes from, in 1300 years - the full radiation of our galaxy. let's increase its consumption by only 2% per year (alet. It is extremely difficult and expensive to pump out the dimensions - for the whole 660 years, 350 coal is the approximate growth rate of the world population), then the reserves will be enough for 501 years ... long reflection, backed by experience, humanity will have to abandon nuclear energy for 3 reasons: 1. Each nuclear power plant, depending on the degree of reliability, 2. regardless of the real danger is fuel essentially stationary 3. Nuclear can be with nuclear radioactive waste atomic bomb, which can be in any of the same efficiency of power plants, which the past moment was blown up by sabotage, and used in nuclear power plants, and quite a lot, atomic decades accumulated by air bombardment. bomb. will accumulate even more if nuclear energy takes a dominant position in the world energy balance. Home Alternative energy Energy of the planet's underground heat Energy of the Sun Alternative energy based on the use of renewable energy sources Wind energy Energy of sea waves Energy of ebbs and flows relatively low efficiency and very expensive to manufacture By placing solar installations on the roofs of houses and next to them, it is possible to provide heating for housing, heating water and the operation of household electrical appliances even in temperate latitudes, not to mention the tropics. The solar energy industry faces many difficulties with the construction, placement and operation of solar power plants on thousands of square kilometers of the earth's surface . Wind power plants are not harmless: they interfere with the flights of birds and insects, make noise, and reflect radio waves with rotating blades. environmental cleanliness The wind is very unpredictable - it often changes direction, suddenly subsides even in the most windy regions of the globe, and sometimes it reaches such strength that it breaks windmills. Wind energy is highly dispersed in space, so wind turbines are needed that can constantly operate at high efficiency. WIND ENGINE Home HYDRO POWER PLANT HYDRO POWER PLANT (HPP), a power plant that converts the mechanical energy of water flow into electrical energy by means of hydraulic turbines that drive electric generators. Hydropower plants are another source of energy that claims to be environmentally friendly. At the beginning of the 20th century, large and mountain rivers of the world attracted attention, and by the end of the century, most of them were blocked by cascades of dams that provide fabulously cheap energy. the cheapest electricity Creation of large reservoirs leads to the flooding of valuable lands Reduction of environmental pollution. The construction of dams prevents the natural migration of fish Fuel economy Water used in turbines Fuel economy of hydroelectric power plants becomes “dead”, all microorganisms die in it Damage to agriculture and nature from the construction of dams 70 million billion kilowatt-hours per year The energy that can be provided by the proven reserves of hard and brown coal taken together Strategy for the optimal operation of TPP: store water in the reservoir behind the dam during high tides and spend it on electricity generation when the “peak demand” occurs in the unified energy systems thus reducing the load on other power plants. History of TPP Creation Home Wave Energy Principle of operation of WPP: A vertical pipe is installed on the bottom of the sea or lake, in the underwater part of which a “window” is made; falling into it, a deep wave (and this is an almost constant phenomenon) compresses the air in the mine, and it turns the generator turbine. During the reverse movement, the air in the turbine is rarefied, setting the second turbine in motion. Thus, the wave power plant operates continuously in almost any weather, and the current is transferred to the shore through an underwater cable. Some types of wind farms can serve as excellent breakwaters, protecting the coast from waves and thus saving millions of dollars on the construction of concrete breakwaters. Pervaya WPP Home Geothermal Energy Underground heat of the planet is a fairly well-known and already used source of “clean” energy Reason: massifs heated to 180-200 ° C at a depth of 4-6 km occupy most of the territory of our country, and with temperatures up to 100- 150 ° C are found almost everywhere. In addition, over several million square kilometers there are hot underground rivers and seas with a depth of up to 3.5 km and with a water temperature of up to 200 ° C - naturally, under pressure - so that by drilling a shaft, you can get a fountain of steam and hot water without any electric heating plants. If you want - let it go directly to heating buildings, if you want - to the turbines of power plants History of geothermal energy Home Hydrothermal energy Water is always at least a few degrees of heat, and in summer it heats up to 35 ° C. Why not use some of this heat? Reason: Hot steam, which is formed as a result of heat exchange, condenses, its temperature rises to 110 ° C, and then it can be allowed either to power plant turbines or to heat water in central heating batteries up to 60-65 ° C. For every kilowatt - An hour of the energy expended on this nature gives 3 kilowatt hours! By the same principle, it is possible to obtain energy for air conditioning in hot weather. Such installations are most effective at large temperature differences, as, for example, in the seas: at depth, the water is very cold - about 4 ° C, and on the surface it heats up to 35 ° C, i.e. the temperature difference is as much as 30 ° С.