Abstract the current state of the service sector in the Russian Federation. A ready-made business plan for a hairdressing salon with calculations - how to open a hairdressing salon from scratch How much can you earn by opening a hairdressing salon

10.11.2021

3.1 The state of the modern hairdressing market

At present, the Russian market of personal services is entering a qualitatively new level. More and more people and organizations refuse to solve everyday problems on their own and resort to the help of qualified specialists. The images of incompetent hairdressers or cosmetologists are irretrievably a thing of the past, they are being replaced by highly paid professionals in their field. The number of consumer service organizations is increasing. The volume of the domestic services market in Russia is estimated at 400-500 million US dollars (according to market players). In 2006, the market growth amounted to 5.9%. The development of the service sector in Russia, which began in the 1990s. due to the action of objective and subjective factors, it went along a number of main directions, including;

The emergence of many types of new services;

Increasing interest in the service sector on the part of entrepreneurs - representing mainly small and medium-sized businesses - due to the investment attractiveness of the service sector;

An increase in the share of paid services to the population in the face of a decrease in the level of budget financing of a number of sectors of the social service sector;

Increasing competition between service organizations.

At the same time, according to a number of basic quantitative and qualitative indicators characterizing the level of development of the service sector, Russia is seriously inferior to the leading foreign countries. This situation is largely a consequence of the underestimation in our country of the service sector as one of the defining sectors of the economy. However, the logic of economic development inevitably leads to the expansion of the service sector, including into the sphere of industrial production and personal consumption.

Hairdressing services belong to the sphere of personal services and are among the most popular people in everyday life, and, therefore, are the most popular in Russia. This service sector occupies the largest volume in the consumer services market and is currently represented by hairdressers, salons, beauty parlors and other non-state enterprises, accounting for 1/6 of the total number of service enterprises.

The number of employees in this area is also the highest among all sub-sectors of consumer services. In addition, hairdressing services are provided by hairdressers and beauticians who practice privately without obligatory registration with state bodies. This increases the actual volume of hairdressing and beauty services sold to the population, according to experts, by 25-35%.

The growth rate of the volume of hairdressing services sold has not changed significantly, and at the moment the sub-sector confidently occupies the 6th place in the consumer services market, representing 3.7% of the total volume of consumer services. Experts consider the market of hairdressing services to be one of the most stable, promising and rapidly developing.

Average data for statistics from European countries and the United States show that hairdressing salons (basic level of services) are located across the house, middle-class salons (a wide range of services) one per block, and luxury salons (exclusive services) are located pointwise in the city center, in large shopping malls. The numerical ratio looks like 10 / 3 / 1.

The Russian market has about 30,000 beauty salons and hairdressers, of which about 13% are in the capital region. The market for hairdressing and beauty salons in Moscow is entering a phase of maturity, and entry into the market is hampered by strong competition from other market participants.

The main share of hairdressing and beauty salons in the capital, about 50%, is medium and medium-high level enterprises. The share of hairdressing salons belonging to the economy class is 30% and 15% are luxury hairdressing and beauty salons. The remaining 5% is occupied by VIP lounges (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4 - Composition of the hairdressing services market in Moscow

Of the total number of hairdressing and beauty salons in Moscow, 7% are chain stores. Most of the population - more than 40% visit hairdressers several times a year and about 24% - approximately once a month, using the services of hairdressers 2 or 3 times a month - about 8%. The rest either do not use hairdressing services at all, or visit a hairdresser 1 or 2 times a year.

Speaking of the Moscow market, it should be noted that there is an obvious overabundance of luxury salons in the city today. Many of which are not able to provide the exclusive level of service that their prices require. And there are too many studios that are open today in the city, there are not enough clients for everyone. And, therefore, they are either forced to lower the bar or create a mixed type of service (which is not comparable to the luxury class). In general, the Moscow market is quite saturated in general, however, a misunderstanding of the business tasks facing the salon and at the same time the seeming ease of making money, led to a very high turnover among hairdressers. Salons open and close daily in different parts of the city. Some succeed, others fail.

Hairdressing salons, as a rule, occupy small areas. Most hairdressing salons are located on areas from 100 sq. meters or more, as a rule, on the first floors of residential buildings (built-in and attached premises), at bath and laundry facilities, hotels, hostels, railway stations, large enterprises. Most of the premises occupied by hairdressers and beauty parlors are in good condition. And only elite and expensive salons can afford to be located in a separate building.

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BBK 65.240.5+65.442(5T)

Boboeva Parvina Mansurovna,

Senior Lecturer, Department of Banking, TSUPBP (Tajikistan, Khujand)

Boboeva Parvina Mansurovna,

sarmuallimi department of measles bonkia DD^BST (Totsikiston, Khutsand)

Boboyeva Parvina Mansurovna,

senior lecturer of the department of banking affairs under the Tajik State University of Law, Business and Politics (Tajikistan Republic, Khujand) E-MAIL: [email protected],mail.ru

Keywords: sphere of personal services, labor market, employment, unemployment, employment, entrepreneurship.

The article discusses the role and importance of the sphere of personal services in reducing the level of unemployment in the Republic of Tajikistan. The analysis of the realities of the labor market and the state of the sphere of public services in the Republic of Tajikistan was carried out, the main measures were identified for the use of resources in the sphere of public services in increasing the level of employment of the population. It was determined that the implementation of the opportunities inherent in the sphere of personal services will expand the range and improve the quality of the services provided; attract personal funds of the population in the provision of personal services; to involve certain groups of the population (housewives, pensioners, disabled people, students, etc.) in labor activity; effectively use the creative possibilities of people; develop various types of crafts and folk crafts.

Kalidvozha^o: sowai hizmatrasonia maishi, bozori meunat, ishtigol, bekori, bokorta'minkuni, souibkori.

Dar matzolai mazkur natssh va auamiyati souai hizmatrasonia maishi dar bobati pasta namudani satui bekori dar sharoiti Chumuurii Totsikiston tadtsits shudaast. Tavassuti taulili bozori meunat va uolati souai hizmatrasoni maishi dar Chumuurii Totsikiston, chorauoi asosi oid ba istifodai zahirauoi souai hizmatrasoni maishi dar baland bardoshtani satui shugli auoli muayyan karda shudaand. Mutsarrar gardidaast, ki amali namudani imkoniyatuoi souai hizmatrasoniuoi maishi ba tavseai navuoi hizmatrasoni, baland bardoshtani sifati peshniuodi hizmatrasoniuo; tsalbi vositaoyi shahsi auoli baroi tashkili hizmatrasoniuoi maishi, tsalbi guruuuoi alouidai auoli (souibkhonazanuo, nafatsahuron, mayubon,

THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPHERE OF HOUSEHOLD SERVICES IN INCREASING THE LEVEL OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION

NAKSH VA AUAMiyati SO^AI HIZMATI MAISHY DAR BALAND BARDOSHTANI SAT^I ISHTIGHOLI A^OLY

ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE SPHERE OF EVERYDAY LIFE SERVICES IN ELEVATION OF POPULATION S EMPLOYMENT STANDARD

honandagon va gaira)ba fa'oliyati me^nati; istifodai bosamari imkoniyat^oi etsodii odamon; inkishof dodani namuduoi gunoguni kasb wa uunaruoi halzi imkoniyat meduad.

Keywords: sphere of everyday life services, labor market, employment, unemployment, placement

in a job, entrepreneurship

The article dwells on the role and importance of the sphere of everyday life services in a reduction of unemployment in Tajikistan Republic. The author conducted an analysis of labor market realias and a state of the sphere of everyday life services in the country, she determined major measures on utilization of resources targeted at elevation ofpopulation"s employment. It is asserted that realization of potentialities laid in the sphere in question will afford to enlarge an assortment and to elevate a quality of the services, to involve personal resources of the population for rendering services, to include into laboring activities separate groups of population (housewives, pensioners, invalids, students and pupils, etc.) , to use efficiently creative abilities of people, to develop various kinds of handicrafts separate people are fond of.

The transformational decline in production characteristic of recent times and the incapacity of the functioning of most industrial enterprises in the conditions of market reforms did not allow the process of even simple reproduction to be carried out. In the current conditions associated with the costs of the transition period, most of the population, due to the loss of a permanent job, was forced to resort to private entrepreneurial activity. This was especially true of commercial entrepreneurship and household services, the spread of which, after the start of market reforms, received a positive impetus that was unthinkable until recently. However, due to the lack of a clear state policy to support and regulate private entrepreneurship, the provision of personal services developed spontaneously. Relations between producers providing this service and their consumers are predominantly carried out in primitive forms, which are primarily associated with the low level of infrastructure development in the industry. In addition, the sphere of personal services as an enclave capable of absorbing a certain part of the unemployed population is given very little attention. In this regard, there is an urgent need to consider the role and importance of this industry in increasing the level of employment in the transitional economy of Tajikistan.

The transition to a market economy in the post-Soviet space has become a serious threat to the economy in general, and the labor market in particular. The number of unemployed among the able-bodied population at the initial stage of market reforms began to grow against the backdrop of a constant reduction in production volumes.

Despite the fact that the transformational crisis in the Republic of Tajikistan was overcome in 2013, a trend towards a high level of unemployment was also observed in subsequent periods. According to the Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, the unemployment rate in the country for the period under review does not exceed 3%. This indicator could be called acceptable. Obviously, the decline in production is accompanied by an increase in unemployment. However, we must not forget about the category of latent unemployment. Official statistics take into account only those unemployed

who registered with the employment services. In conditions of instability, many enterprises are trying to keep their workforce, in this regard, a system of long administrative leaves and part-time employment (without meaningful leave) is very often practiced. In such conditions, hidden unemployment is actually formed, the scale of which may increase as the volume of production decreases.

Observations show that the labor market in the Republic of Tajikistan is characterized by a mismatch between supply and demand. Sometimes there are situations in which there is formalism in the creation of new jobs. This is also evidenced by data on the demand and supply of labor in the labor market of the republic (Table 1).

Table 1. Demand and supply of labor in the labor market of the Republic

Tajikistan

Indicators 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 in % to 2010

Number of persons not employed (persons) 59669 64079 63540 71168 72409 72521 121.5

The need of sectors of the economy for workers (persons) 10473 11694 11973 11280 10335 7275 69.5

Load of unemployed population per declared vacancy (persons) 5.7 6.4 6.2 6.9 8.1 10.0 175.4

Source: Tajikistan: 25 Years of State Independence: Statistical Yearbook. - Dushanbe 2016. - S. 98.

From the data in Table 1 it can be seen that the difference in the ratio of labor supply and demand is very large. Thus, the number of persons not employed in labor activity in 2010-2015. increased in the republic by 21.5%, while the need for labor resources decreased by 30.5%. If in 2010 there were 5.7 applicants for one declared vacancy, then this ratio in 2015 has already reached 10 people. In such conditions, the social consequences of unemployment are intensified, reflected in the decline in the standard of living of the unemployed population.

In conditions of disproportion in the labor market, the search for new jobs for many people is accompanied by many problems. Not everyone manages to officially get a job. As a result, a significant part of the unemployed population inevitably resorts to unofficial forms of earnings, which negatively affects the criminal situation in the country. The most difficult is for those who are in pre-retirement age. In advertisements for vacant positions, one can observe a fashionable trend in the age range - up to 35 years. Most of those left without

jobs cannot find a decent job in accordance with their qualifications. To date, the number of real unemployed is very different from official statistics.

The observed trends in the growth rates of the Tajik economy do not yet allow creating a sufficient number of jobs to solve the problem of unemployment and eliminate imbalances in the labor market. In this regard, a negative opinion has developed in society about the helplessness and insufficient efficiency of the state employment service. Therefore, people who have lost their jobs do not want to apply to such services. Those left without work prefer to look for a new one on their own. Due to the lack of jobs, most often this practice ends with labor migration. In connection with these circumstances, the problem of chronic migration of the majority of the population of working age has become aggravated in the Republic of Tajikistan.

According to various estimates, as of January 1, 2015, there were more than a million Tajik labor migrants in Russia alone. In relation to the total population of the Republic of Tajikistan, the share of labor migrants is about 15%. According to the World Bank, up to 40% of the population aged 18 to 40 are looking for work outside the republic.

The problems of employment listed above can be partially solved through the establishment and systematic functioning of consumer services enterprises. This practice is fully consistent with the laws of socio-economic development. In the context of the transition from the agrarian-industrial development path to the industrial-agrarian one, the organization of consumer services is one of the priority areas for the development of the national economy.

To explain this thesis, it is appropriate to quote the words of V.I. Dmitrieva: "Household services are a useful action, which is the result of predominantly productive labor, embodied either in tangible objects, or in the form of a certain activity that does not accept mandatory results" .

Based on the nature of domestic services, it can be assumed that the unemployed population can be involved in the performance of this kind of work in many areas:

Assistance in the arrangement and repair of residential premises and territory;

Care for the sick and disabled;

Seasonal assistance in agricultural work;

Involvement of the unemployed in the landscaping of residential areas;

Ancillary work at enterprises and vegetable bases;

Cleaning of the territory of settlements and enterprises;

Involvement in the construction of roads and other public works;

Seasonal work on maintenance of passenger transport, organizations

almost and connections;

Maintenance of waste recycling systems;

Repair of household appliances;

Provision of services for the delivery of consumer goods;

Involvement in the organization of large-scale cultural events, etc.

Employment in the field of consumer services as one of the ways to reduce unemployment can be seen in the economic practice of European countries, including Russia. For example, in the Volgograd region of Russia, 150 million rubles were allocated in 2011 to attract additional labor in the sphere of personal services.

In the Republic of Tajikistan, in the development of the sphere of personal services, such support mechanisms do not yet exist.

At the present stage of development, there is a tendency to increase the share of the service sector in the production of GDP, while the share of people employed in this industry in 2015 amounted to 28.4%, in the field of personal services - 3.7% of the total number of people employed in the national economy. For comparison, we note that the similar figures in 1991 were 22% and 4.7%, respectively. In general, the sectoral structure of employment in the Republic of Tajikistan is as follows (Fig. 1 and 2). Comparative analysis of the structure of employment of labor resources in the Republic of Tajikistan in 1991 and 2015 shows that the country is undergoing deindustrialization. If in 1991 13% of labor resources were employed in industry, then in 2015 this figure dropped to 4%, while the share of those employed in agriculture, on the contrary, increased from 45% to 66%; in the service sector in 1991, 35% were employed, and in 2015 - 27% of the labor force. (Fig.1 and 2).

The structure of employment of labor resources in the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan in 1991

The structure of employment of labor resources in the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2015

Construction Industry

Despite the fact that the share of people employed in the service sector decreased from 35% to 27% from 1991 to 2015, its share in GDP production increased from 25.3% to 42.9% compared to 1991.

Table 2 shows that the number of enterprises providing personal services over the 25 years of market reforms has decreased from 5,850 units to 413 units, or in relative terms, enterprises in this area in relation to 1991 operate at the level of 7%.

Table 2. Number of ateliers, workshops, workshops for consumer services for the population _by type (units)

Name of enterprises 1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Total enterprises 5850 2809 875 1014 952 413

Repair and tailoring of footwear 712 295 80 88 31 12

Repair and individual tailoring 752 401 85 97 68 36

Repair and manufacture of metal products 859 378 111 203 122 21

Repair and maintenance of vehicles 606 227 86 95 - -

Repair and manufacture of furniture 230 78 14 12 16 6

Dry cleaning and dyeing 37 16 6 6 7 -

Laundry services 70 21 11 5 6 10

Repair and construction of dwellings (apartments) 311 133 19 38 54 53

Photography services 223 116 61 53 34 21

Bath and shower services 113 67 29 49 35 30

Hairdressing services 1325 555 175 187 119 43

Rental services 79 31 12 18 12 44

Other types of services 533 491 186 163 250 137

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Project Description

The purpose of this project is to open an economy class hairdressing salon in a city with a population of 400 thousand people. The main activity of the organization will be the provision of hairdressing services to the population of the city with an average and lower average income. In the future, it is planned to create a network of economy class hairdressing salons throughout the city.

How much money does it take to open a barbershop

To implement the project, it is planned to attract own funds in the amount of 92,000 rubles and borrowed funds (bank loan) in the amount of 300,000 rubles. The total cost of the project, according to the business plan, is 392,000 rubles.

Economic indicators of the project implementation:

Net profit per year = 436,845 rubles;
Profitability of a hairdressing salon = 14%;
Payback of the project = 11 months.

OKVED barbershop

The organizational and legal form of a hairdressing salon will be individual entrepreneurship. OKVED code: "93.02 Provision of services by hairdressers and beauty salons." As tax systems a simplified taxation system will be applied, 6% of revenue.

The initiator of the project has more than 7 years of experience in this field (master of a hairdressing salon).

Currently, practical activities have begun to implement the project:

Registered individual entrepreneurship in the IFTS;
A preliminary lease agreement for premises in a shopping center with an area of 54m2 was concluded, the cost of rent per month is 45,900 rubles (850 rubles / m2.);
The interior design of the premises is being worked out. An experienced designer is working on the project;
There is a preliminary agreement with the supplier of equipment for the hairdressing salon. A list of necessary equipment for organizing an economy class hairdressing salon has been developed.

Recruitment

The staff of the organization will consist of 6 people: the salon administrator and five professional masters.

Description of products and services

Our barbershop will be designed for people with an average and lower average income. Therefore, the prices of our salon will be significantly lower than the average price level of other hairdressing salons in our city.

The main focus will be on the number of visitors per day, with a sufficiently high quality of customer service. It is assumed that about 30 services will be provided per day.

The main services that the hairdresser will provide include:

Hair cut, blow dry and shampoo. Average check - 150 rubles;
Styling (everyday, wedding, solemn, etc.). Average check - 120 rubles;
Highlighting. Average check - 400 rubles;
Evening hairstyle. Average check - 500 rubles;
Perm and hair straightening. Average check - 500 rubles;
Hair coloring. The average check is 700 rubles.

The total average check for services will be 395 rubles.

In our salon, all conditions for the client will be created: a pleasant atmosphere, professional craftsmen and a wide range of services at affordable prices.

Planned working hours: from 10:00 to 19:00. Three masters will work in each shift (we recommend reading the article " How to hire an employee - step by step instructions”), the work schedule of the masters 2/2.

marketing plan

We will be located in a busy part of the city, in close proximity to large office buildings. The traffic of the shopping center, where it is planned to open a hairdresser, is about 3,500 people a day. The hairdressing salon will be located on the first floor in the line of sight for every visitor to the shopping center.

The main competitors of our organization are other salons that operate in our city. There are two main competitors that work in close proximity to our salon. We will conduct a comparative analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of these competitors:

The following activities are planned to attract regular customers:

Advertising in the media (newspaper, magazines, TV, radio);
Banners, banners, billboards;
Distribution of leaflets, flyers, posting ads.

It is assumed that after carrying out all marketing activities to attract customers, the average attendance of the institution will be about 25 people per day, which in total will be provided with about 30 services.

How much can you earn by opening a barbershop

As indicated in the section describing the services of a hairdressing salon, the average revenue per day will be: 395 rubles. (average check) * 30 services = 11,850 rubles, respectively, the monthly revenue will be 355,500. It is assumed that 40% of the proceeds will be paid to the craftsmen.

At the same time, the average monthly revenue will decrease during the summer holidays and New Year holidays. Low revenue figures will be at the start of the business. The barbershop will reach the planned revenue indicators only on the 4th month of operation.

The total revenue for the year of work will be 3,643,900 rubles.

What equipment to choose for a beauty salon

Additional equipment and consumables include disposable tableware, cosmetic products, hairdressing carts, accessories (scissors, cars, hair dryers), etc. It is assumed that about 70 thousand rubles will be spent on additional equipment.

The salon will comply with all SES and fire safety standards. So, in accordance with sanitary standards, the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises for one hairdresser should be at least 8 m2.

The total wage fund per month will be 136,463 rubles.

The services of an accountant and a cleaning lady will be involved under contracts for the provision of services for a fee. Monthly expenses for these services will be about 11,000 rubles.

Financial plan

The monthly expenses of the organization are presented in the following table:

Total fixed costs will amount to 257,301 rubles per month.

The structure of annual costs is presented in the form of a diagram:

The main expenses of the hairdressing salon will be the cost of paying wages to employees - 53% of total expenses, paying rent - 18%, as well as paying insurance contributions to non-budgetary funds for employees - 16% of the total costs of the organization.

The calculation of economic indicators is presented in the table - the forecast of income and expenses of a hairdressing salon:

The net profit of the barbershop at the end of the year will be 436,845 rubles. The profitability of a hairdressing salon, according to business plan calculations, is 14%. With such indicators, the project will pay off in 11 months.

This is a complete, ready-made project that you will not find in the public domain. The content of the business plan: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of the project implementation 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of the equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions

The service sector is one of the three components of the economy, along with industry and agriculture. This term is understood as a set of sectors of the national economy, the labor of workers who are directly aimed at creating a special type of product that is consumed directly in the process of its production. The service sector includes all types of commercial and non-commercial services.

In the countries of the European Union and the United States, the share of people employed in the service sector is 74 and 81% of the total working population. In Japan, this figure reaches 71%, and in countries with underdeveloped economies, the share of the service sector is less than 50%. For example, in Kyrgyzstan, this figure is 48%, and in Tajikistan, only 27% of the able-bodied population is employed in the service sector. In the Russian Federation in 2014, 65% of citizens employed in the economy were employed in the service sector.

The total turnover of the service sector in 2014 amounted to 74.68 trillion. rubles. This amount does not include trade services, as well as services for the sale, repair and maintenance of cars, but it includes the turnover of communication and transport services. It should be noted that it is increasing every year, and the turnover in this sector of the economy has grown more than 3 times over the past ten years. And compared to 2013, the increase in turnover in the service sector amounted to 7.78%. True, if we recalculate in 2013 prices, the growth will be much more modest, just over 1%.

As for the distribution of turnover in the service sector among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the largest turnover falls on the Central Federal District - 33.7% of the total, and the smallest on the North Caucasian Federal District - 4.3%. In general, the share of each district as a percentage of the turnover of the service sector in the Russian Federation is as follows:

Central Federal District - 33.7%
Privolzhsky Federal District - 17.5%
Northwestern Federal District - 10.7%
Siberian Federal District - 9.9%
Southern Federal District - 9.2%
Ural Federal District - 8.4%
Far Eastern Federal District - 6.2%
North Caucasian Federal District - 4.4%

The structure of the service sector (excluding trade services) includes 10 main areas. At the end of 2014, the largest turnover was recorded in the provision of housing and communal services - 20.22 trillion. rubles. In addition, the top five includes transport services, communication services, personal services, as well as paid medical services. But in general, the structure of the service sector as a percentage of the total turnover looks like this:

Housing and communal services - 26.9%
Transport services - 18.6%
Communication services - 17%
Household services - 10.8%
Health services - 7.8%
Services of the education system - 6.5%
Hotel and tourist services - 4.4%
Cultural services, as well as physical culture and sports - 2.1%
Legal services - 1.3%
Social services for the disabled and the elderly - 0.3%
Other services - 4.3%

In monetary terms, in 2014, on average, services were provided per inhabitant of Russia in the amount of 51.1 thousand rubles. This is 6% more than in 2013. Most services were rendered in housing and communal services - in the amount of 13.84 thousand rubles per person.

Of the 65% percent of workers employed in the service sector, trade accounts for the most - 24.6% of all employed in this sector. The second place is occupied by transport and communication services, in general 15.3% of workers in the industry work here. The third place belongs to the services of the education system - about 13.8% of those working in the service sector.

In the service sector, wages tend to be below the national average. But in some segments of this type of activity, they are quite high. For example, in the field of financial services, the average salary is 66,605 rubles, which is more than 2 times higher than the national average. And in general, by segments in the service sector, the average salary is distributed as follows:

Financial services - 66,605 rubles.
Public administration and social insurance - 40,219 rubles.
Transport and communications - 36,769 rubles.
Operations with real estate - 36,520 rubles.
Housing and communal services - 27,430 rubles.
Health care - 26,450 rubles.
Education system - 25,096 rubles.
Hotel services and restaurants - 19,720 rubles.
The average salary in the country in 2014 was 32,600 rubles.

Housing and communal services

This type of service occupies the largest share in the total turnover of the entire service sector - 26.9%. Of these, housing services account for 5.7%, while utilities account for 21.5%. In monetary terms, this is 420 billion rubles and 1,572 billion rubles, respectively. At the same time, it should be noted that housing and communal services are interconnected and cannot be provided independently of each other.

Housing and communal services is a type of service provided to the consumer to improve comfortable living conditions. Housing services include services provided to maintain the proper technical condition of buildings, structures and equipment. In addition, this category of services includes landscaping and landscaping.

Utilities are economic activities aimed at providing the consumer with cold and hot water, sanitation, electricity and gas supply. In addition, the structure of utilities often includes the removal of household waste. The structure of utility bills is dominated by payments for heating and electricity - 34.7% and 22.4%, respectively.

Every year the tariffs for utility bills increase, and consequently the turnover of utility services grows. In 2014, compared to 2013, turnover increased by 19%. For 2015, the Government of the Russian Federation provides for a program to increase housing and communal services tariffs (except for electricity) only in the second half of the year. Moreover, the growth indices for each subject of the Russian Federation are set differently. The largest increase in tariffs is envisaged in the Belgorod Region by 14%, the Republic of Tatarstan - by 13.6% and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - 12.9%. The smallest increase in prices for utilities is planned in the Kemerovo region - 6.1%, the Republic of Khakassia - 6.5% and the Amur region - 6.6%.

As for electricity, here, too, each subject of the Russian Federation has its own tariffs. When analyzed by Federal Districts, the highest cost of kWh of electricity in the Central Federal District is 3.17 rubles. And the smallest in the Siberian Federal District - 1.78 rubles per 1 kW / h. It should be noted that in comparison with the beginning of 2015, in the 1st quarter of 2015, electricity prices rose in the two Federal Districts, Privolzhsky and Siberian, by 1.68% and 1.13%, respectively. And the largest price reduction was recorded in the Far Eastern Federal District - 6.1%. According to the data for the 1st quarter of 2015, the prices for 1 kWh of electricity for the population in the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation are as follows: