The magazine is a contemporary history of the magazine. History of the magazine "contemporary". journalism profession creative contemporary

On April 11, 1836, the first issue of the famous progressive literary and socio-political magazine Sovremennik was published.

The history of Russian journalism knows hundreds of different magazine titles. In our time, no one remembers some of them, while others still rive our gaze to themselves.

Such is the magazine Sovremennik, whose publisher and editor in the last year of his life was the great Russian. For many years, the desire to become the head of the magazine grew stronger in him, and even if relatively freely, how could he forget even for a minute about censorship! - but influence the development public thought. Back in 1825, he wrote to one of his closest friends, P.A. Vyazemsky: “Someday we will take up the magazine; I don't want urine."

On the eve of 1836, Pushkin sent a request to Benckendorff for permission to publish four books of a literary almanac. In the program submitted to the censorship, it was written: “It (i.e., in the magazine - ed. note) will contain poems of all kinds, novels, articles on morals and the like (original and translated), critics of wonderful books Russian and foreign; finally, articles concerning the arts and sciences in general.

Zateya A.S. Pushkin to publish the magazine caused a lot of rumors and even ridicule from his enemies. More often than others, he had to listen to accusations of greed.

To prepare the first issue, Pushkin first of all attracted his literary friends. N.V. became his most active collaborator. Gogol. In April 1836 the first issue of the journal was published. In terms of its literary merits, it was head and shoulders above all the magazines of that time. And today, with respectful admiration, we leaf through the pages on which for the first time saw the light of The Miserly Knight, The Feast of Peter the Great, Journey to Arzrum by the editor himself, The Carriage, Morning business man» Gogol.

The first issue of the journal was highly appreciated by V.G. Belinsky. He wrote about it as "an important and curious phenomenon" both from the famous name of its publisher and from the originality of the articles in it.

A.S. Pushkin was an unusually energetic and benevolent editor. He opened wide the doors of Sovremennik to young talents. So he “discovers” F. Tyutchev, lovingly corrects the poems of P. Ershov, the author of the fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse”, blesses the self-taught Voronezh poet for further poetry. And how much attention Pushkin paid to the famous Nadezhda Durova - the heroine Patriotic War 1812, whose notes on the war he was going to publish in Sovremennik.

But the work of the editor was poisoned by the ongoing debate with censorship. Tormented by constant prohibitions, extortions, demands to change something, to correct it, Pushkin exclaims with annoyance in one of his letters to his wife: “The devil guessed that I was born in Russia with soul and talent!”

Pushkin was associated with Sovremennik until the last day of his life. For the last issue, he is preparing his "The Captain's Daughter" and A. Turgenev's notes "Russian in Paris", all the time taking care of expanding the circle of authors. Thoughts about the magazine did not leave him even on the day of the duel. The last note written by him was to the writer A.O. Ishimova with a request to translate several stories from English for Sovremennik.

A. S. Pushkin was able to publish only four issues of the magazine. But they left an indelible mark on Russian literature and journalism.

After the tragic death of the poet, Sovremennik eked out a sad existence for a journal that did not have a definite face and character for ten years. And only in 1847, when the magazine fell into the hands of N.A. Nekrasov, Sovremennik came to life. V.G. began to actively cooperate in it. Belinsky, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.A. Dobrolyubov, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and others, the Journal asserted the principles of materialistic philosophy and aesthetics, fought against idealistic theories, and defended critical realism. Sovremennik enjoyed great popularity among the democratic intelligentsia. From the side of the government, he was repeatedly subjected to severe repression. In 1862, the publication of the magazine was suspended for 8 months, and in 1866 the magazine was closed.

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, Vladimir Fyodorovich Odoevsky and Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky

Founders Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin Country Russian empire Publisher Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Pyotr Alexandrovich Pletnev, Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov and Ivan Ivanovich Panaev Publication history 1836-1846, 1847-1866 Foundation date 1836 Latest release 1866 Media files at Wikimedia Commons

"Contemporary"- Russian literary and socio-political magazine, published in 1836-1866.

"Contemporary" by Pushkin and Pletnev[ | ]

Literary and socio-political magazine founded by A. S. Pushkin. It was published in St. Petersburg since 1836 4 times a year.

In the first issue, published on March 31 (April 11), the article "On Rhyme" by E. F. Rosen was placed. In general, the magazine published the works of Nikolai Gogol (“Carriage”, “Morning of a Businessman”, “Nose”), Alexander Turgenev, V. A. Zhukovsky, P. A. Vyazemsky, V. F. Odoevsky, D. V. Davydov , N. M. Yazykov , E. A. Baratynsky , F. I. Tyutchev , A. V. Koltsov . It published poetry, prose, critical, historical, ethnographic and other materials.

The magazine did not have reader success: the Russian public had yet to get used to a new type of serious periodical devoted to topical issues, interpreted by necessity with hints. The magazine ended up with only 600 subscribers, which made it ruinous for the publisher, since neither printing costs nor staff fees were covered. The last two volumes of Sovremennik were more than half filled by Pushkin with his works, mostly anonymous. The magazine published his "The Feast of Peter I", "From A. Chenier", "The Miserly Knight", "Journey to Arzum", "The Genealogy of My Hero", "Shoemaker", "Roslavlev", "John Tenner", "Captain's daughter ".

After the death of Pushkin, the magazine was continued during 1837 by a group of writers headed by P. A. Vyazemsky, then P. A. Pletnev (-). S. A. Zakrevskaya (, vol. 8) and D. S. Protopopov made their debuts in Sovremennik. In -1847, articles, novels, novels and translations by F. F. Korf were published in it.

According to the memoirs of Panaeva (Golovacheva), it happened like this:

We stayed up until almost dawn, talking about a new magazine. The question arose of who to buy the right from, since new journals were not allowed to be published at that time. They sorted through various magazines that were in a lethargic sleep, but none turned out to be suitable. They were already saying goodbye to go to bed, when suddenly Panaev exclaimed: Found! "Contemporary"! Nekrasov happily said: What better! How did the "Contemporary" not immediately come to our minds? And the conversation started up again. The right to "Sovremennik" belonged to Pletnev, with whom Panaev had long been familiar.

"Contemporary" by Nekrasov and Panaev[ | ]

Literary and socio-political monthly magazine (volume 40 printed sheets); issued from January 1, 1847.

I'm starting to think about abandoning the editorial board of Sovremennik. Soon, but what to do?! It is too hard for me to be in a constant struggle with publishers, who in turn can be weighed down by my influence. They probably expected to find in me a blind tool and wanted to act independently under the guise of my name. I cannot agree to this.

In April 1848, Nikitenko resigned as editor of Sovremennik. I. I. Panaev became the official editor of the journal. The program of the journal was determined by the articles of its ideological leader V. G. Belinsky.

Nekrasov attracted I. S. Turgenev, I. A. Goncharov (“An Ordinary Story”), A. I. Herzen (“Who is to blame?”, “Forty thief”, “Notes of Dr. Krupov”) to participate in Sovremennik , N. P. Ogaryov, A. V. Druzhinin ("Polinka Saks"), D. V. Grigorovich ("Anton the unfortunate"), P. V. Annenkov. On its pages the works of L. N. Tolstoy, articles by T. N. Granovsky, S. M. Solovyov, K. D. Kavelin were published, translations of works by C. Dickens, George Sand, Thackeray and other Western writers were published.

On April 23, 1836, the first issue of the Sovremennik magazine saw the light of day. A small publication founded by Alexander Pushkin and initially unsuccessful, over the years of its existence has become one of the largest phenomena in Russian journalism and literature. The journal brought up a whole generation of Russian writers and became the ideological center and tribune of the revolutionary-democratic direction of social thought.

From Pushkin and Pletnev to Nekrasov and Panaev

Initially, the magazine was published four times a year. Being one of the first serious periodicals in which actual problems were masked by allegories and allusions, Sovremennik brought neither money nor fame. The magazine gained about 600 subscribers, but initially there were no problems with the authors. The magazine published Nikolai Gogol, famous by that time for his "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka", the founder of Russian romanticism Vasily Zhukovsky, historian and statesman Alexander Turgenev, poets Yevgeny Boratynsky, Nikolai Yazykov, Alexei Koltsov and many others.

However, financial problems nevertheless made themselves felt, and Pushkin had to fill more than half of the last two volumes of the journal during his lifetime with his works. These issues saw the light of "The Feast of Peter I" and "The Miserly Knight", "The Captain's Daughter" and "Roslavlev", "From A. Chenier", "Journey to Arzrum", "The Pedigree of My Hero", "Shoemaker" and "John Tenner.

After the poet's death in 1837, his friends struggled to keep the journal alive. Initially, a group of writers led by Vyazemsky was engaged in this, and then the critic Pyotr Pletnev took up the matter. Since 1843, the magazine even became a monthly one, but things were still not going well, and in 1846 Pletnev sold Sovremennik to Nikolai Nekrasov and Ivan Panaev.

The young poet and writer (Nekrasov was only 25 years old at the time of the deal with Pletnev) already had a successful publishing experience and enthusiastically took up the revival of the magazine, where most of the literary youth, who made up the main force of the Notes of the Fatherland, published by Andrei Kraevsky, moved. This was facilitated by Vissarion Belinsky, who moved to Sovremennik.

Road to literature

After the sale, the authoritative magazine, which quickly gained popularity, indeed discovered a number of talented writers, which speaks of Nekrasov's perspicacity as an editor. Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Nikolai Ostrovsky, Nikolai Dobrolyubov published here, in 1847 Ivan Turgenev returned to the magazine.

Turgenev's first works appeared in Sovremennik long before Nekrasov bought the magazine, in 1838. The author was then 20 years old and he dreamed of becoming a poet. The former editor of the magazine, Pletnev, was also Turgenev's teacher at St. Petersburg University. It was to him that the young man showed his early literary experiments. The mentor severely criticized Turgenev's poetic work, but nevertheless published two poems: "Evening" and "To the Venus of Medicine" were published in Sovremennik under the signature "..... v".

Turgenev collaborated with the magazine until 1858, after which he left Sovremennik due to disagreement with the editorial policy.

Another pupil of Sovremennik can be considered Fyodor Dostoevsky, although he gained public and critical recognition in 1846 after the publication of the almanac Petersburg Collection. Here his novel "Poor People" was printed. In many respects, the rave reviews of future editors and authors of Sovremennik contributed to the success. The first reader of the novel, Dmitry Grigorovich, showed the text to Nekrasov, and they "sat all night until morning, reading aloud and taking turns when one got tired." Further, the novel was handed over to Belinsky, who also highly appreciated it. Dostoevsky quarreled with the future editors of the magazine in the same 1846, but this did not interfere with his career.

Perhaps one of the main discoveries of Sovremennik was Leo Tolstoy. In 1852, the 24-year-old Junker Tolstoy sent Childhood, the first part of the future trilogy, to the editors. A note was attached to the manuscript: “...I look forward to your verdict. He will either encourage me to continue my favorite activities, or make me burn everything I started. Nekrasov appreciated the work of an unknown author and published it in a magazine, and sent an encouraging letter to Tolstoy. "Childhood" was a huge success and received high praise from critics, among whom were Apollon Grigoriev and Nikolai Chernyshevsky. By the way, Sovremennik also provided the latter with a path to great literature.

The first literary works of the future author of the novel "What to do?" began writing in the late 1850s. Having moved to St. Petersburg in 1853, Chernyshevsky published small articles in the St. Petersburg Vedomosti and Otechestvennye Zapiski. A year later, having finally ended his career as a teacher, Chernyshevsky came to Sovremennik and already in 1855 began to actually manage the magazine along with Nekrasov and Dobrolyubov.

Nikolai Chernyshevsky was one of the ideologists of turning the magazine into a platform for revolutionary democracy, which turned a number of authors away from Sovremennik, among them Turgenev, Tolstoy and Grigorovich.

Another pupil of Sovremennik, Ivan Goncharov, who adhered to conservative views in politics, did not accept the revolutionary ideology of his native journal.

The future writer became interested in literature in the 40s, when he met Belinsky. Once Goncharov read to the "frantic Vissarion" excerpts from his first novel, "An Ordinary Story." The novel was published in the third and fourth books of The Contemporary in the spring of 1847. This publication is still considered one of the most important in the author's work, which, however, did not prevent him from causing a lot of trouble to both Nekrasov and Sovremennik himself.

Epilogue

Nikolai Nekrasov and his associates for a long time and carefully kept Sovremennik from the attacks of censorship. The journal held out in 1848-1855, often referred to as the "dark seven years" due to the ferocity of the censors. In 1862, the work of the journal was suspended for more than half a year "for a harmful direction," but Sovremennik returned to the arena of political and literary struggle without changing its course. The history of the magazine ended in May 1866, when Emperor Alexander II himself intervened in the closing of the magazine.

Literary and socio-political magazine founded by A. S. Pushkin. It was published in St. Petersburg since 1836 4 times a year.

The first issue contained the article "On Rhyme" by E. F. Rosen. The magazine published the works of Nikolai Gogol (“Carriage”, “Morning of a Businessman”, “Nose”), Alexander Turgenev, V. A. Zhukovsky, P. A. Vyazemsky, V. F. Odoevsky, D. V. Davydov, N M. Yazykov , E. A. Baratynsky , F. I. Tyutchev , A. V. Koltsov . Published poetry, prose, critical, historical, ethnographic and other materials

The magazine did not have reader success: the Russian public had yet to get used to a new type of serious periodical devoted to topical issues, interpreted by necessity with hints. The magazine ended up with only 600 subscribers, which made it ruinous for the publisher, since neither printing costs nor staff fees were covered. The last two volumes of Sovremennik are more than half filled by Pushkin with his works, mostly anonymous. The magazine published his "The Feast of Peter I", "From A. Chenier", "The Miserly Knight", "Journey to Arzerum", "The Genealogy of My Hero", "Shoemaker", "Roslavlev", "John Tenner", "Captain's daughter ".

After the death of Pushkin, the magazine was continued during 1837 by a group of writers headed by P. A. Vyazemsky, then P. A. Pletnev (-). S. A. Zakrevskaya made her debut in the journal (Vol. 8). In -1847, articles, novels, novels, and translations by F. F. Korf were published in the journal.

"Contemporary" by Nekrasov and Panaev

Literary and socio-political monthly magazine (volume 40 pp); issued from January 1, 1847. In 1847-1848 A. V. Nikitenko was the official editor. The program of the journal was determined by the articles of its ideological leader V. G. Belinsky.

Nekrasov attracted to participate in the journal I. S. Turgenev, I. A. Goncharov (“Ordinary History”), A. I. Herzen (“Who is to blame?”, “The magpie-thief”, “Notes of Dr. Krupov”), N P. Ogaryov, A. V. Druzhinin ("Polinka Saks"), D. V. Grigorovich ("Anton the unfortunate"), P. V. Annenkov. The journal published works by L. N. Tolstoy, articles by T. N. Granovsky, S. M. Solovyov, K. D. Kavelin. The magazine published translations of works by C. Dickens, George Sand, Thackeray and other Western writers.

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Literature

• History of Russian journalism of the XVIII-XIX centuries. - M.: " graduate School", 1966. - S. 188-194, 267-281.

An excerpt characterizing Sovremennik (magazine)

Arriving in St. Petersburg, Pierre did not inform anyone of his arrival, did not go anywhere, and began to spend whole days reading Thomas of Kempis, a book that was delivered to him by no one knows who. Pierre understood one and all the same when reading this book; he understood the pleasure, unknown to him, to believe in the possibility of achieving perfection and in the possibility of brotherly and active love between people, opened to him by Osip Alekseevich. A week after his arrival, the young Polish Count of Villarsky, whom Pierre knew superficially from St. Petersburg society, entered his room in the evening with that official and solemn air with which Dolokhov’s second entered him and, closing the door behind him and making sure that there was no one in the room there was no one except Pierre, turned to him:
“I have come to you with a commission and a proposal, Count,” he told him without sitting down. “A person very highly placed in our fraternity has petitioned for you to be accepted into the fraternity ahead of time, and has offered me to be your guarantor. I regard the fulfillment of the will of this person as a sacred duty. Do you wish to join the brotherhood of free stonemasons on my guarantee?
The cold and strict tone of the man whom Pierre almost always saw at balls with an amiable smile, in the company of the most brilliant women, struck Pierre.
“Yes, I wish,” said Pierre.
Villarsky inclined his head. - One more question, count, he said, to which I ask you, not as a future freemason, but as an honest person (galant homme), to answer me with all sincerity: have you renounced your former convictions, do you believe in God?
Pierre considered. “Yes… yes, I believe in God,” he said.
“In that case…” Villarsky began, but Pierre interrupted him. “Yes, I believe in God,” he said again.
“In that case, we can go,” said Willarsky. “My carriage is at your service.
All the way Villarsky was silent. To Pierre's questions about what he should do and how to answer, Villarsky only said that the brothers, more worthy of him, would test him, and that Pierre needed nothing more than to tell the truth.
Having entered the gate of a large house, where there was a lodge, and passing along a dark staircase, they entered a lighted, small hallway, where, without the help of servants, they took off their fur coats. From the hallway they went into another room. A man in strange attire appeared at the door. Villarsky, going out to meet him, said something quietly to him in French and went up to a small closet, in which Pierre noticed robes he had never seen before. Taking a handkerchief from the closet, Villarsky put it over Pierre's eyes and tied it in a knot at the back, painfully trapping his hair in a knot. Then he bent him to him, kissed him, and, taking him by the hand, led him somewhere. Pierre was in pain from the knotted hair, he grimaced in pain and smiled in shame at something. His huge figure, with lowered hands, with a shriveled and smiling face, followed Willarsky with unsteady, timid steps.
After leading him ten paces, Villarsky stopped.
“Whatever happens to you,” he said, “you must endure everything with courage if you are determined to join our brotherhood. (Pierre answered in the affirmative by inclining his head.) When you hear a knock at the door, you will untie your eyes, added Villarsky; I wish you courage and success. And, shaking hands with Pierre, Villarsky went out.
Left alone, Pierre continued to smile the same way. Once or twice he shrugged his shoulders, put his hand up to the handkerchief, as if wishing to take it off, and lowered it again. The five minutes he spent with his eyes tied seemed like an hour to him. His hands were swollen, his legs gave way; he seemed to be tired. He experienced the most complex and varied feelings. He was both afraid of what would happen to him, and even more afraid of how he would not show fear. He was curious to know what would become of him, what would be revealed to him; but most of all he was glad that the moment had come when he would finally embark on that path of renewal and an actively virtuous life, which he had been dreaming of since his meeting with Osip Alekseevich. Strong knocks were heard at the door. Pierre took off his bandage and looked around him. The room was black and dark: only in one place a lamp was burning, in something white. Pierre came closer and saw that the lamp stood on a black table, on which lay one open book. The book was the gospel; that white, in which the lamp burned, was a human skull with its holes and teeth. After reading the first words of the Gospel: “In the beginning there was no word and the word went to God,” Pierre went around the table and saw a large open box filled with something. It was a coffin with bones. He was not at all surprised by what he saw. Hoping to enter into a completely new life completely different from the former, he expected everything extraordinary, even more extraordinary than what he saw. The skull, the coffin, the Gospel - it seemed to him that he expected all this, expected even more. Trying to arouse in himself a feeling of tenderness, he looked around him. “God, death, love, the brotherhood of man,” he said to himself, associating with these words vague but joyful ideas of something. The door opened and someone entered.
In the weak light, which, however, Pierre had already managed to get a closer look at, a short man entered. Apparently from the light, having entered the darkness, this man stopped; then, with cautious steps, he moved to the table and placed on it his small, leather-gloved hands.
This short man was dressed in a white leather apron that covered his chest and part of his legs, he was wearing something like a necklace around his neck, and a high, white frill protruded from behind the necklace, fringing his oblong face, illuminated from below.
- Why did you come here? - asked the newcomer, according to the rustle made by Pierre, turning in his direction. – Why do you, who do not believe in the truths of the light and do not see the light, why did you come here, what do you want from us? Wisdom, virtue, enlightenment?
At the moment the door opened and an unknown person entered, Pierre experienced a feeling of fear and reverence, similar to the one he experienced in confession as a child: he felt face to face with a completely alien in terms of living conditions and with a loved one, in the brotherhood of people, man. Pierre, with a breath-taking heartbeat, moved towards the rhetor (that was the name in Freemasonry of a brother who prepares a seeker to join the brotherhood). Pierre, coming closer, recognized in the rhetorician a familiar person, Smolyaninov, but it was insulting to him to think that the person who entered was a familiar person: the one who entered was only a brother and a virtuous mentor. Pierre could not utter a word for a long time, so the rhetor had to repeat his question.