Substances are explosive. Methods for determining explosiveness. Acceptance test results

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STATE STANDARD OF THE SOUTH SSR

SUBSTANCES, EXPLOSIVE

METHODS FOR DETERMINING EXPLOSIVENESS

GOST 4546-81

Izlanne official

IPK PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS Moscow

UDC 662.2/3.001.4:006.354 Group 179

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

SUBSTANCES, EXPLOSIVE

Methods for determining explosiveness GOST 4546-81

Explosives. Methods of fogasse properties definition

Date of introduction 01.01.83

This standard applies to explosives (BBs) and mixtures based on them and establishes the following methods for determining the explosiveness: in a swnip bomb. with the help of ballistic mortars and a pendulum.

The method of determination in a lead bomb is based on the determination of the expansion of the bomb channel by the products of the explosion, the charge of explosives of a certain mass and size, and extends to powdered ones. granulated. veiny. viscous and plastic explosives with a critical detonation diameter of less than 20 mm.

Methods of determination with the help of ballistic mortars and a pendulum are based on the determination of the relative deviation of the load on the suspensions due to the high-explosive action of the explosion products of the explosive charge.

The method of determination with the help of a ballistic mortar extends to powdered ones. granulated. plastic. liquid. viscous explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 20 mm.

The determination method with the help of a ballistic pendulum applies to industrial explosives with a critical letonation diameter of not more than 30 mm.

1. DETERMINATION OF EXPLOSIVE IN A LEAD BOMB

1.1. Sampling rules 1.1.1. Sampling will be carried out according to standards or specifications for specific explosives. 1.2. Devices. materials and promised Bomb (see attachment |). Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.0 g. °C.

Electroletonator (ED) of instantaneous action according to GOST 9059 75 or capsule-zetonator (KD) according to GOST 6254.

Shiur ohieprovodny according to GOST 3470 alin and not less than - m undermining KD).

Demolition machine PIV-100 iln is a semi-explosive device of a spring type.

Pykhzh made of cardboard with an outer diameter of 24.0 "mm. hole size 7.5“ mm. thickness 1.0 T.A mm.

Sleeves made of paper in accordance with GOST 6662 or GOST 2228 with a layer thickness of 0.15 0.20 mm or from parchment in accordance with GOST 1760.

Air-dry quartz sand with a grain size of 0.400 - 0.20 mm (pass through sieve No. 07 and residue on sieve No. 045 according to GOST 3526).

Ruff hair for cleaning the channel of the bomb.

Official message Reprint prohibited *

%: And vile standards. 1982

Reissue with Changes

S. 2 GOST 4546-81

The standard CO sample was loaded. TNT with a solidification temperature of at least 80.2 °C. recrystallized from ethyl alcohol (prepared according to GOST 5984). weight (10.00-20.01 g. placed in a paper sleeve (i. 1.3.2 B) and pressed at a density (1.00:0.03) g / cm: (p. 1.3.1.2).

Wooden cylinder with a diameter (7.3450. mm and a length of 50 mm.

Adhesive from polyvinylenetate dispersion according to GOST 18992 or other adhesive. ensuring the strength of the welded seam Gi. 1b3.

Paraffin according to GOST 23683.

Vola to measure the volume of the bomb channel.

Measuring cylinder according to GOST 1277. with a capacity of 500 or 250 cm3 and a beaker of the same capacity.

1.3. Preparing for the test

1.3. E. Nodootovka for testing powdered and granulated explosives

1.3.1.1. Manufacturing of paper sleeve.

The sleeve and work in the following way.

The paper is cut according to the pattern on the sheets. corresponding in shape to a rectangular trapezoid with dimensions (upper. lower base. height) 15 x 12% x 70 mm. The cut sheet is wound onto a wooden or metal pilinar with a diameter of (23.8 „,‚) mm so. so that the lower base of the trapenia protrudes 1% 20mm from the cut of the sawmill. The protruding part is folded and glued. forming a full sleeve.

1.3.1.2. A sample of explosive weighing (14.0040.00) g is mixed into paper. A cardboard wad is placed on top. In a penial matrices (bronze) with a diameter of (24.5 + 0.1) mm using an armored punch with a diameter of 24.0 mm. having a protrusion at the end with a diameter of 7.A mm. 12 mm long (according to the shape, the ED or explosive is pre-pressed to a density of (1.00 + 0.03) g / cm, which is provided by the geometric dimensions of the press tool and the mass of the sample.

It is allowed to test samples at operational density. the value of which is established in the standards or specifications for a particular explosive. Density is controlled. measuring the geometric dimensions of the charge. A wooden cylinder is inserted into the recess of the formed row.

1.3.2. Preparation for testing liquid, viscous and plastic (except industrial) explosives

For testing, a weight of explosive is used. providing filling of paper sleeve with explosive substance to a height of (25.6 + 0.1) mm. The sleeve is cast as indicated in paragraph 1.3. EGI moisture is lubricated with paraffin. Explosives are prepared according to clause 1.3.1.2.

1.3.1. 1.3.2.

3.3. Iodootovka home for testing

1.3.3.1. At least two bombs are selected from each batch for testing. providing, when not testing for CO, the charge of grotyl from ED or KD, the expansion of the expansion (28547) ml.

1.3.3.2. For each batch of bombs, a passport is drawn up according to the form. specified in the recommended appendix 2.

1.43. Conducted tests

1.4.1. The volume of the channel and the temperature of the bomb are preliminarily measured, for which purpose an ox is poured into the bomb channel from a measuring pilinar or beaker. The measurement will be carried out: during the test at otrinagel temperature, air after exposure. how the bomb and water reached the July-South room temperature. When testing at a positive air temperature, the volume of the bomb channel and all temperatures are measured afterwards. like a bomb and an ox will become the same temperature. as well as the surrounding air. After measurement, the bomb channel is wiped dry.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

1.4.2. An ED or CD is placed in the nest of the explosive charge (after removing the wooden niliiar from the nest. The charge is lowered onto the ano of the bomb channel. The remaining free space of the bomb drip is covered with quartz sand) without compacting the level of the upper cut of the bomb channel. The bomb is placed on solid ground or a concrete base and the explosive charge is exploded.

1.4.3. After testing, the bomb channel is cleaned with a hair ruff. solid results are obtained by inverting the bomb and measuring the volume of the bomb channel as indicated in paragraph 1.4.1.

If cracks appear in the pig bomb after testing. as evidenced by the release of air bubbles when the bomb channel is filled with water. then the result is considered invalid and the test is repeated.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

GOST 4546-81 S. 3

Processing of test results.

ARC. tie Ko the volume of the bomb channel after the explosion. em": y, initial volume of the bomb channel, cm'. If the tests are carried out at a different temperature of the bomb, then the result is corrected according to the table.

pa ‘© ho @

Damai temperature ‘© Float conditioner,

Correction calculation example

The correction (A) in cubic centimeters (milliliters) for the bomb temperature is calculated by the formula

k= aya 100 gee AR' explosiveness at a bomb temperature of 10 °C. cm`:

2.0 - correction factor. corresponding to a bomb temperature of 10 °C. ©. naylenny

according to the table.

The added correction is added to the test result obtained.

For each VV, at least two parallel determinations are made and the arithmetic mean is calculated. rounded to a flat number.

The discrepancy between the results of parallel determinations should not exceed +7 cm'og of the arithmetic mean. When obtaining deviations from the average value of large. than the measured value. Two additional determinations are made and the average value is calculated from four determinations.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

2. DETERMINATION OF HEALTH WITH THE HELP OF A BALLISTIC MORTAR

21. Sampling will be carried out in accordance with EU paragraph 1.1.1.

2.2. Equipment. appliances. reagents and materials

A ballistic mortar (Fig. | Annex 3) consists of a mortar (Fig. 2 of Reference Annex 3) weighing (350 + 10) kg. frames and goniometers with a vernier deflection angle of 2', the distance from the swing center to the mortar's pentra of gravity should be ($ Kyu + 12) mm. The volume of the explosive chamber of the mortar is (290451 em’. and of the expansion chamber (160525) eM?) Control of volumes at least after 25 half bursts with water filling using a measuring gauge. Equipped mortars weighing 16.0 kg. having a full through hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm for pulling the wires from the ED and three blind holes with a diameter of 14 mm for placing additional cargo in them. if the mass is equipped with less than 16.0 kg.

Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.0 g.

The machine PIV-140 or pryvny device of a prugogo type.

Instantaneous electric letonators according to GOST 9039.

CO was charged from TNT but item 1.2.

Ruff metal or napkin.

Acetone according to GOST 2765 or GOST 2603.

Gasoline according to GOST 19012 or GOST 3905.

Industrial maeklo according to GOST 20799.

Adhesive from polyvinyl acetate lisperenium according to GOST 184992.

Other glue is allowed, providing the strength of the glued seam of the sleeves.

2.3. Preparation for the test

2.3.1. Preparation for testing explosives in accordance with sp. and 1.3.2.

S. 4 GOST 4546-81

2.4.2. Equipment validation for testing

2.4.2.1. Before testing, all flying morgue hulls clean the fire of contaminants using a ruff or emery cloth. Degrease working surfaces with gasoline, and then with anetone. The shaking surfaces of the mortar are lubricated with industrial oil.

2.3.3. Preparation of a ballistic mortar for testing

2.3.3.1. The readiness of a ballistic mortar is checked by testing the CO charged with TNT. The ballistic mortar is considered serviceable. if, during testing, the CO charged the deviation of the mortar body (Ё cos is (4.4) 295-9.0008) . the mean value of the three trials.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

2.3.3.2. Balaistic mortars are checked by the passage of each explosive test serney. but at least once in laziness (before the start of explosive tests) during daily work.

24. Testing

2.4.1. An electric detonator is installed in the nest of the loaded explosive (after removing the wooden pilinar from the tiezl). The wires from the electric letonator are pulled through the axial channel of the projectile until the letonator is completely inserted from the side of the cork into the projectile mounting hole to a depth of 5-7 mm. The projectile is inserted into the channel of the expansion chamber lo stop.

24.2. The prepared ballistic mortar is set to its original position in the clear state of the mortar body during free half-hanging).

Set the goniometer to the "zero" position and undermine the loaded explosive.

2.4.3. After the test, readings are taken from the goniometer. . Processing of test results D. Relative explosiveness (4) determined by the formula

Ge i, I sho Deflection angles of a ballistic mortar during the explosion of the test and CO explosive charges.

2.5.2. For each explosive, less than three parallel determinations are made and the arithmetic mean is calculated. rounded lo thousandths of a number.

The difference between the results of parallel determinations in value and) should not be more than 2.5 “& of the arithmetic mean value. When receiving deviations from the average value of large. than the measured value. three additional determinations are carried out and the srelise value is calculated from six determinations.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

3. DETERMINATION OF THE EXPLOSIVEITY OF INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVES ON A BALLISTIC PENDULUM

3.1. Sampling according to GOST 14539.0°.

The mass of the test sample is not less than 644) tons.

3.2. Equipment, devices and materials

Ballistic pendulum. consisting of a device for measuring the deviations of the pendulum (ruler with a measurement error of lo 0.5 mm). the actual pendulum and mortar.

The main parameters of the ballistic pendulum are given in the mandatory Appendix 4.

Electroletonator EDKZ-OP according to GOST 21506.

Pentrating rings with a thickness of (2.4 + 0.5) mm. with an outer diameter of (701) mm and an inner diameter of (3740.5) mm made of cargon according to GOST 9347, to align the longitudinal axis, I charged VVe with the axis of the pendulum chamber.

Paper ala patronizing according to GOST 6662.

Sleeve polyethylene film according to GOST 19354.

CO charge. coalite 3-6 200 according to GOST 21983, diameter 36 37 mm. having a detonation velocity (2.12+0.30) km/s of the bark of industrial explosives IU UG classes:

ammonig No. 6 ZhV 20 according to GOST 21984. diameter 36 37 mm. having a letonation rate (4.25450 15) km ala industrial VV - III classes.

Glue from polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 15992 or any other. ensuring the strength of the glued seam of the cartridge.

Laboratory scales with weighing error not more than

Demolition machine PIV-100 or another type of demolition device.

> GOST R 509843-98 applies on the territory of the Russian Federation.

GOST 4546-81C. 5

Twine or cotton thread.

AA. Preparing for the test

3.4.1. to the test of explosives

3.3.1.1. CRMs of charges and charges of the test explosive are prepared with a mass (20:10) g and a length of 36 37 mm. Explosive nests produced in cartridges of other sizes, as well as in non-cartridged forks. interfere with a paper sleeve in 2.5 3.5 turns. and fiber-filled explosives in a polyethylene sleeve (CO charged in this case is also prepared in a polyethylene sheath). The ends of the paper sleeves and the ends of the polyethylene sleeve are tied with twine or thread. From one of the cops of the cartridge, an electric letonator will be placed in the loader for all of its length.

3.3.1.2. Two centering cardboard rings fall on the cartridges of the test subject and CO charges. which will be placed at a distance of 20-3% mm from the ends of the cartridge.

4.3.2. Nodainka equipment for testing

3.3.2.1. The "zero" position of the pendulum in a state of equilibrium is set according to the line of the edematous device.

3.3.2.2. Before testing, the channel of the mortar is "dry" by half a burst of explosive charge of 200 g in mass with a diameter of 32 36 mm in the IESM CO. The channel is cleaned with a metal brush from the products of the explosion.

3.3.2.3. They will conduct three control tests of explosive charges with CO. The ballistic pendulum is considered serviceable. if, when testing CO charges, the deviation (1 og of coalite 3-6 will be (95-1) mm. And for ammonite 6ZhV 1150410) mm.

If the discrepancies between the deviation values 1.) differ from the average arithmetic value by more than 5 “&. then an additional three non-tests are performed and the arithmetic mean of the six tests is calculated. If the arithmetic mean of the deviations during the explosion of CO charged did not fit within the indicated limits. then the pendulum is adjusted by changing the installation height of the measuring ruler. Periodicity of checking the pendulum once a quarter.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

3.4. Testing

3.4.1. Charged with an electric letonator and centering rings will interfere with the mortar chamber like this. so that its torei is located halfway with the mouth of the mortar channel.

3.4.2. The wire of the electric detonator is placed in the groove of the thorium surface of the mortar.

3.4.3. The mortar is rolled close to the pendulum. while avoiding mixing it with the previously noted "zero" position. and undermine the charge.

3.4.4. On the scale of the measuring ruler mark the position of the pendulum after the deflection with an error of 20.5 mm.

3.4.5. Explosion and registration of deviations will be carried out separately for CO and the studied explosive charge in turn. starting with CO charged.

4.5. Processing test results

Relative explosiveness () is determined by the formula

rae fy it how are the average values of pendulum deviations when testing the investigated and CO explosive charges. mm.

3.5.2. For each explosive, at least three parallel tests will be carried out. Calculate the average arithmetic value /.. (o for the test subject and CO charges of explosives. The discrepancies between the results of paramel determinations should not exceed 5 ″ of the arithmetic mean value.

When receiving deviations from average, the values are large. than the standard value. Three polynomial determinations of e CO for the charge and the test explosives are carried out, and the average value is calculated from six determinations.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

4.1. Vee work. related to the preparation and testing of explosives at the enterprises of explosives manufacturers. it is necessary to carry out in accordance with the requirements of the current rules for the operation of arbitrary devices. approved in the established order. and on the prediriyagiyah consumers of explosives in accordance with the general safety rules for blasting, approved by the USSR Gosgortekhlnaazor.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

S. 6 GOST 4546-81

ADDITION 1 Mandatory

Notes:

1. Bombs are cast from pig according to GOST 577, in metal molds. It is allowed to cast bombs from 51 canna no GOST 377% and 50 @ bombs. who were in burial. Casting of bombs should be carried out in a single reception at a temperature of C. To ensure the high explosiveness of the CO of the TNT slab (25847), cm: it is allowed to apply to the evinium no more than 0 “2 kicks according to GOST 36-4 or a lead-antimony ligature.

2. The bottom of the bomb must not have a mussel. and the surface should be monolithic. without calving. Sinks on the internal channel are not allowed.

3. Finished bombs burst for testing no earlier than 45 hours after casting.

4. Mark the batch order number. 5. Each batch of 9 omb is subjected to a test for the rigidity of a pig with a burst of CO charge of TNT in

correlate with pi. 1.4.3 and 1.4 of this standard.

APPENDIX 2

Passport form

(front side) PASSPORT for partner of lead bombs no. manufactured on 19__

sent designation or

STATE STANDARD

UNION SSR

SUBSTANCES, EXPLOSIVE

METHODS FOR DETERMINING HEAVY EXPOSURE GOST 4546-81

Official edition

IPK PUBLISHING STANDARDS Moscow

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

SUBSTANCES, EXPLOSIVE Methods for determining explosiveness

Methods of fogasse properties definition

Date of introduction 01.01.83

This standard applies to explosive substances (HE) and mixtures based on them and establishes the following methods for determining explosiveness * * in a lead bomb, using a ballistic mortar and a pendulum

The method of determination in a lead bomb is based on determining the expansion of the bomb channel by the explosion products of an explosive charge of a certain mass and size and applies to powdered, granular, liquid, viscous and plastic explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 20 mm

Methods for determining using ballistic mortars and a pendulum are based on determining the relative deviation of the cargo on suspensions due to the high-explosive action of the explosive charge explosion products

The method of determination using 6aj dietary mortar applies to powdered, granular, plastic, liquid, viscous explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 20 mm

The method of determination using a ballistic pendulum applies to industrial explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 30 mm

1. DETERMINATION OF EXPLOSIVE IN A LEAD BOMB

11 Sampling rules

111. Sampling is carried out according to standards or specifications for specific explosives.

12 Equipment, materials and utensils

Bomb (see appendix 1)

Mercury thermometer with division value 1 °С.

Instantaneous electric detonator (ED) according to GOST 9089-75 or detonator cap (CD) according to GOST 6254

Flame retardant cord in accordance with GOST 3470 with a length of at least 1 m (for undermining the CD).

Cardboard wad with an outer diameter of 24.0__ 0>5 mm, a hole diameter of 7.5 + 0> 5 mm, a thickness of 1.0-1.5 mm

Sleeves made of paper according to GOST 6662 or GOST 2228 with a layer thickness of 0.15-0.20 mm or from parchment according to GOST 1760

Air-dry quartz sand with a grain size of 0.400-0.700 mm (pass through sieve No. 07 and residue on sieve No. 045 according to GOST 3826)

Ruff hair for cleaning the channel of the bomb

Edition official reprint prohibited

Standard sample (RS) charge: TNT with a solidification point of at least 80.2 ° C, recrystallized from ethyl alcohol (prepared according to GOST 5984), weighing (10.00 ± 0.01) g, placed in a paper sleeve (clause 1.3 .1.1) and pre-pressed to a density of (1.00±0.03) g/cm3 (clause 1.3.1.2).

Wooden cylinder with a diameter of (7.5 ± 0.1) mm and a length of 50 mm.

Adhesive from polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992 or other adhesive that ensures the strength of the glued seam of the sleeves.

Paraffin according to GOST 23683.

Water to measure the volume of the bomb channel.

Measuring cylinder according to GOST 1770, with a capacity of 500 or 250 cm 3 or a beaker of the same capacity.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

1.3. Preparing for the test

1.3.1. Preparation for testing powdered and granular explosives

1.3.1.1. Manufacturing of paper sleeve.

The sleeve is made as follows.

The paper is cut according to the template into sheets corresponding in shape to a rectangular trapezoid with dimensions (upper, lower bases, height) 150 x 120 x 70 mm. The cut sheet is wound onto a wooden or metal cylinder with a diameter of (23.8_ 0,) mm so that the lower base of the trapezoid protrudes 15-20 mm above the cut of the cylinder. The protruding part is folded and glued, forming the bottom of the sleeve.

It is allowed to test samples at the operating density, the value of which is established in the standards or specifications for a specific BB. Density is controlled by measuring the geometric dimensions of the charge. A wooden cylinder is inserted into the recess of the formed charge.

1.3.2. Preparation for testing liquid, viscous and plastic (except industrial) explosives

For testing, a sample of explosive is used with a mass that provides filling with explosive

substance of the paper sleeve to a height of (25.6 ± 0.1) mm. The sleeve is manufactured as indicated in paragraph 1.3.1.1 and moisture-proofed with paraffin. Industrial explosives are prepared according to clause 1.3.1.2.

1.3.1.1-1.3.2. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

1.3.3. Preparing bombs for testing

1.3.3.1. For testing, at least two bombs are selected from each batch, providing an expansion value of (285 ± 7) ml when testing for CO of a TNT charge from ED or KD.

1.3.3.2. For each batch of bombs, a passport is drawn up in the form indicated in the recommended Appendix 2.

1.4. Conducting a test

1.4.1. The volume of the channel and the temperature of the bomb are preliminarily measured, for which water is poured into the bomb channel from a measuring cylinder or beaker. The measurement is carried out: during tests at negative air temperature - after the bomb and water have reached positive room temperature. When testing at positive air temperature, the measurement of the volume of the bomb channel and its temperature is carried out after the bomb and water become the same temperature as the surrounding air. After measurement, the bomb channel is wiped dry.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

1.4.2. An ED or CD is inserted into the explosive charge socket (after removing the wooden cylinder from the socket. The charge is lowered to the bottom of the bomb channel. The remaining free space of the bomb channel is covered with quartz sand) without sealing to the level of the upper cut of the bomb channel. The bomb is placed on solid ground or a concrete base and the charge B B is detonated.

If, after the test, cracks appear in the lead bomb, as evidenced by the release of air bubbles when the bomb channel is filled with water, then the result is considered invalid and a second test is carried out.

(Revised edition, Rev. JVb 1).

1.5. Processing test results

1.5.1. Explosiveness (AV), cm 3, at a bomb temperature of 15 ° C is calculated by the formula

AG \u003d (K-K),

where V K is the volume of the bomb channel after the explosion, cm 3 ;

V H is the initial volume of the bomb channel, cm 3 .

If the tests are carried out at a different bomb temperature, then the result is corrected according to the table.

Correction calculation example

The correction (K) in cubic centimeters (milliliters) for a bomb temperature of 10 °C is calculated by the formula

, m

where L V "- explosiveness at a bomb temperature of 10 ° C, cm 3;

2.0 - correction factor corresponding to a bomb temperature of 10 ° C,%, found from the table.

The found correction is added to the obtained test result.

For each explosive, at least two parallel determinations are carried out and the arithmetic mean is calculated, rounded up to a whole number.

The discrepancy between the results of parallel determinations should not exceed ±7 cm 3 from the arithmetic mean. Upon receipt of deviations from the average value greater than the normalized value, two additional determinations are carried out and the average value is calculated from four determinations.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

2. DETERMINATION OF HEALTH WITH THE HELP OF A BALLISTIC MORTAR

2.1. Sampling is carried out in accordance with paragraph 1.1.1.

2.2. Equipment, instruments, reagents and materials

applications 3) weighing (350 ± 10) kg, a frame and a goniometer with a deviation angle of vernier 2 ". The distance from the center of swing to the center of gravity of the mortar should be (3000 ± 12) mm. The volume of the explosive chamber of the mortar is (290 ± 5) cm 3, and the expansion chamber - (1605 ± 5) cm 3. Control of volumes at least after 25 explosions with pouring water using a graduated cylinder. Mortar projectile weighing 16.0 kg, having one through hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm for output wires from the ED and three blind holes with a diameter of 14 mm to accommodate additional cargo in them if the mass of the projectile is less than 16.0 kg.

Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.01 g.

Demolition machine PIV-100 or another type of demolition device.

Instant electric detonators according to GOST 9089.

CO charge from TNT according to clause 1.2.

Ruff metal or emery cloth.

Acetone according to GOST 2768 or GOST 2603.

Gasoline according to GOST 1012 or GOST 8505.

Industrial oil according to GOST 20799.

Adhesive from polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992.

Other glue is allowed, providing the strength of the glued seam of the sleeves.

2.3. Preparing for the test

2.3.1. Preparation for testing explosives in accordance with paragraphs. 1.3.1 and 1.3.2.

2.3.2. Preparation of equipment for testing

2.3.2.1. Before testing, all parts of the mortar body are cleaned of contaminants with a ruff or emery cloth. Degrease the working surfaces with gasoline, and then with acetone. The rubbing surfaces of mortars are lubricated industrial oil.

2.3.3. Preparing a ballistic mortar for testing

2.3.3.1. The readiness of a ballistic mortar is checked by testing the CO charge of TNT. A ballistic mortar is considered serviceable if, when testing a CO charge, the deviation of the mortar body (1-cos a) is (0.0295 ± 0.0008) - the average value of three tests.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

2.3.3.2. The ballistic mortar is checked before each series of explosive tests, but at least once a day (before the start of explosive tests) during daily work.

2.4. Conducting a test

2.4.1. An electric detonator is installed in the explosive charge socket (after removing the wooden cylinder from the socket). The wires from the electric detonator are pulled through the axial channel of the projectile until the detonator is completely placed from the side of the plug into the mounting socket of the projectile to a depth of 5-7 mm. The projectile is inserted into the channel of the expansion chamber until it stops.

2.4.2. The prepared ballistic mortar is set to its original position (the stable state of the mortar body with free suspension).

Set the protractor to the "zero" position and undermine the explosive charge.

2.4.3. After the test, readings are taken from the goniometer.

2.5. Processing test results

2.5.1. Relative explosiveness (A) is determined by the formula

1 - cos a and

where a and and a co are the deflection angles of the ballistic mortar during the explosion of the test subject and CO explosive charges.

2.5.2. For each explosive, at least three parallel determinations are carried out and the arithmetic mean is calculated, rounded to thousandths of a number.

The discrepancy between the results of parallel determinations by value (1-cos a) should not be more than 2.5% of the arithmetic mean. Upon receipt of deviations from the mean value greater than the normalized value, an additional three determinations are carried out and the average value is calculated from six determinations.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

3. DETERMINATION OF THE EXPLOSIVEITY OF INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVES AT A BALLISTIC

PENDULUM

3.1. Sampling - according to GOST 14839.0*.

The mass of the sample for testing is not less than 600 g.

3.2. Equipment, devices and materials

Ballistic pendulum, consisting of a device for measuring pendulum deviations (a ruler with a measurement error of up to 0.5 mm), the pendulum itself and a mortar.

The main parameters of the ballistic pendulum are given in the mandatory Appendix 4.

Electric detonator EDKZ-OP according to GOST 21806.

Centering rings with a thickness of (2.0 ± 0.5) mm, an outer diameter of (70 ± 1) mm and inside diameter(37.0 ± 0.5) mm from cardboard according to GOST 9347 - to align the longitudinal axis of the explosive charge with the axis of the pendulum chamber.

Paper for patronage according to GOST 6662.

Sleeve polyethylene film according to GOST 10354.

CO charge: carbonite E-6 200 according to GOST 21983, 36-37 mm in diameter, having a detonation velocity of (2.12±0.30) km/s - for industrial explosives IV-VI classes;

ammonite No. 6 ZhV 200 according to GOST 21984, with a diameter of 36-37 mm, having a detonation velocity of (4.25 ± 0.15) km / s - for industrial explosives of classes I-III.

Glue made of polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992 or any other adhesive that ensures the strength of the glued cartridge seam.

Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.1 g.

Demolition machine PIV-100 or another type of demolition device.

* Within the territory of Russian Federation GOST R 50843-95 applies.

Metal ruff

Twine or cotton thread

33 Preparing for the test

3 3 1 Preparation for explosive testing

3 3 11 Prepare CO charges and charges of the test explosive with a mass of (200 ± 10) g and a diameter of 36-37 mm 3.5 turns, and water-filled explosives - in a polyethylene sleeve (CO charge in this case is also prepared in a polyethylene sheath). The ends of the paper sleeves are folded over, and the ends of the polyethylene sleeve are tied with twine or thread. From one end of the cartridge, an electric detonator is placed in the charge for its entire length.

3 3 12 Two centering cardboard rings are put on the cartridges of the test and CO charges, which are placed at a distance of 20-30 mm from the ends of the cartridge.

3 3 2 Equipment preparation for testing

3 3 2 1 The "zero" position of the pendulum in the state of equilibrium is set along the ruler of the reading device

3 3 2 2 Before testing, the mortar channel is “dry” by detonating a CO explosive charge in it with a mass of 200 g with a diameter of 32-36 mm. The channel is cleaned from the explosion products with a metal brush

3 3 2 3 Carry out three control tests with CO explosive charges. A ballistic pendulum is considered suitable for operation if, when testing CO charges, the deviation (/co) for E-6 coalite is (95 ± 10) mm, and for 6ZhV ammonite (150 ± 10) mm.

If the discrepancies between the deviation values \u200b\u200b(/co) differ from the arithmetic mean value by more than 5%, then three additional tests are carried out and the arithmetic mean value of six tests is calculated. pendulum by changing the installation height of the measuring ruler. Periodicity of checking the pendulum - once a quarter

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

34 Testing

3 4 1. A charge with an electric detonator and centering rings is placed in the mortar chamber so that its end is flush with the mouth of the mortar channel.

3.4.2. The wires of the electric detonator are laid in the end surface of the mortar.

3 4.3. The mortar is rolled up close to the pendulum, while preventing its displacement from the previously noted “zero” position, and the charge is detonated.

3 4 4. On the scale of the measuring ruler mark the position of the pendulum after the deflection with an error of ±0.5 mm

3 4 5 Explosion and registration of deviations is carried out separately for CO and the studied explosive charges in turn, starting with the CO charge.

35 Processing of test results

3 5 1 Relative explosiveness (/) is determined by the formula

where / and and / w - the average values of pendulum deviations when testing the investigated and CO explosive charges, mm

3.5.2. For each explosive, at least three parallel tests are carried out. Calculate the arithmetic mean / u, / co for the subject and CO explosive charges. The discrepancies between the results of parallel determinations should not exceed 5% of the arithmetic mean.

Upon receipt of deviations from the average value greater than the normalized value, a group of additional determinations is carried out with the charge CO and the test explosive, and the average value is calculated according to six determinations

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

4 1 All work related to the preparation and testing of explosives at explosives manufacturers must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the current operating rules for production, approved in the prescribed manner, and at explosives consumer enterprises in accordance with the unified safety rules for blasting, approved by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

ANNEX 1 Mandatory

Notes:

1. Bombs are cast from lead according to GOST 3778 in metal molds. Bombs are allowed to be cast from 50% lead according to GOST 3778 and 50% used bombs. Bomb casting should be carried out in one step at a temperature of (400 ± 10) °C. To ensure the high explosiveness of the CO charge of TNT (285 ± 7) cm 3, it is allowed to add no more than 0.1% zinc to lead according to GOST 3640 or a lead-antimony ligature.

2. The bottom of the bomb must not have a shrinkage cavity, and the surface must be solid, without delamination. Sinks on the internal channel are not allowed.

3. Finished bombs are allowed to be tested not earlier than 48 hours after casting.

4. Mark the serial number of the batch.

5. Each batch of bombs is subjected to a lead hardness test during the detonation of a CO charge of TNT in accordance with paragraphs. 1.3.3 and 1.4 of this standard.

Passport form

(front side)

THE PASSPORT

for a batch of lead bombs No. _

manufactured by the enterprise _19,

symbol or trademark

Batch total weight _ (kg)

Bombs are made of lead _

standard number and lead grade,

melt number, casting date

Acceptance test results

Foreman_

OTK Master _

Passport form

(back side)

Certificate of acceptance

Lead Bombs Batch #_

satisfy, dissatisfy

requirements of GOST 4546 and are recognized as fit for use.

Head (chief engineer)_

Head of Quality Control Department _

APPENDIX 1. (Changed edition, Rev. No. 1).

APPENDIX 3 Reference

SCHEME OF TESTING ON A BALLISTIC MORTAR

1 - goniometer; 2 - frame; 3 - Mortar Damn. one

APPENDIX 4 Mandatory

BASIC PARAMETERS OF THE BALLISTIC PENDULUM

1 - mortar weighing (1500+25) kg, 2 - pendulum weighing (11000±100) kg Note The drawing does not determine the design of the pendulum.

INFORMATION DATA

1. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards of December 30, 1981 No. 5783

2. 1993 verification period

3. REPLACE GOST 4546-48

4. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

	Item number, applications		Item number, applications
GOST 1012-72		GOST 6662-73
GOST 1760-86		GOST 8505-80
GOST 1770-74		GOST 9089-75
GOST 2228-81		GOST 9347-74
GOST 2603-79		GOST 10354-82
GOST 2768-84		GOST 14839 0-91
GOST 3470-80		GOST 18992-80
GOST 3640-94	Attachment 1	GOST 20799-88
GOST 3778-77	Attachment 1	GOST 21806-76
GOST 3826-82		GOST 21983-76
GOST 4546-81	Annex 2	GOST 21984-76
GOST 5984-80		GOST 23683-89
GOST 6254-85

5. REPUBLICATION (June 1998) with Amendment No. 1 approved in November 1989 (IUS 2-90)

Editor R S Fedorova Technical editor N S Grishanova Proofreader V I Kanurkina Computer proofing V I Grishchenko

Issue No. 021007 of 10 08 95 Handed over to the set 29 05 98 Signed for printing 10 07 98 Print size 1.40

Uch-ed l 0.90 Circulation 135 copies С829 Zach 539

IPK Publishing house of standards, 107076, Moscow, Kolodezny lane, 14 Typed in the Publishing house on a PC

Branch of IPK Publishing house of standards - type "Moscow printer", Moscow, Lyalin lane, 6

Classifier State Standards. GOST 4546-81: Explosives. Methods for determining explosiveness. KGS: Chemical products and rubber asbestos products, Explosives and pyrotechnics. GOSTs. Substances are explosive. Methods for determining explosiveness. class=text>

GOST 4546-81

Substances are explosive. Methods for determining explosiveness

GOST 4546-81
Group L79

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

SUBSTANCES, EXPLOSIVE

Methods for determining explosiveness

Explosives. Methods of fogasse properties definition

OKSTU 7209

Introduction date 1983-01-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards of December 30, 1981 N 5783

2. 1993 verification period

3. REPLACE GOST 4546-48

4. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

	Item number, applications
GOST 1012-72
GOST 1760-86
GOST 1770-74
GOST 2228-81
GOST 2603-79
GOST 2768-84
GOST 3470-80
GOST 3640-94	Attachment 1
GOST 3778-77	Attachment 1
GOST 3826-82
GOST 4546-81	Annex 2
GOST 5984-80
GOST 6254-85
GOST 6662-73
GOST 8505-80
GOST 9089-75
GOST 9347-74
GOST 10354-82
GOST 14839.0-91
GOST 18992-80
GOST 20799-88
GOST 21806-76
GOST 21983-76
GOST 21984-76
GOST 23683-89

5. REPUBLICATION (June 1998) with Amendment No. 1 approved in November 1989 (IUS 2-90)

This standard applies to explosives and mixtures based on them and establishes the following methods for determining explosiveness: in a lead bomb, using ballistic mortars and a pendulum.
The method of determination in a lead bomb is based on determining the expansion of the bomb channel by the explosion products of an explosive charge of a certain mass and size and applies to powdered, granular, liquid, viscous and plastic explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 20 mm.
Methods for determining using ballistic mortars and a pendulum are based on determining the relative deviation of the load on the hangers due to the high-explosive action of the explosion products of the explosive charge.
The method of determination using a ballistic mortar applies to powdered, granular, plastic, liquid, viscous explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 20 mm.
The method of determination using a ballistic pendulum applies to industrial explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 30 mm.

1. DETERMINATION OF EXPLOSIVE IN A LEAD BOMB

1.1. Sampling Rules

1.1.1. Sampling is carried out according to standards or specifications for specific explosives.

1.2. Appliances, materials and utensils
Bomb (see Appendix 1).

Mercury thermometer with division value 1 °С.
Instantaneous electric detonator (ED) according to GOST 9089-75 or detonator cap (CD) according to GOST 6254.
Flame retardant cord according to GOST 3470* with a length of at least 1 m (for undermining the CD).
________________
*Document not cited. Per additional information refer to the link. - Database manufacturer's note.

A wad made of cardboard with an outer diameter of 24.0 mm, a hole diameter of 7.5 mm, a thickness of 1.0-1.5 mm.
Sleeves made of paper according to GOST 6662 or GOST 2228 with a layer thickness of 0.15-0.20 mm or from parchment according to GOST 1760.
Air-dry quartz sand with grain size 0.400-0.700 mm (pass through sieve N 07 and residue on sieve N 045 according to GOST 3826).
Ruff hair for cleaning the channel of the bomb.
Standard sample (RS) charge: TNT with a solidification point of at least 80.2 ° C, recrystallized from ethyl alcohol (prepared according to GOST 5984 *), weighing (10.00 ± 0.01) g, placed in a paper sleeve (p. 1.3.1.1) and pre-pressed to a density of (1.00±0.03) g/cm (clause 1.3.1.2).
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. GOST 5984-99 is in force. - Database manufacturer's note.

Wooden cylinder with a diameter of (7.5 ± 0.1) mm and a length of 50 mm.
Adhesive from polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992 or other adhesive that ensures the strength of the glued seam of the sleeves.
Paraffin according to GOST 23683.
Water to measure the volume of the bomb channel.
Measuring cylinder according to GOST 1770, with a capacity of 500 or 250 cm 3 or a beaker of the same capacity.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.3. Preparing for the test

1.3.1. Preparation for testing powdered and granular explosives

1.3.1.1. Manufacturing of paper sleeve.
The sleeve is made as follows.
The paper is cut according to the template into sheets corresponding in shape to a rectangular trapezoid with dimensions (upper, lower bases, height) 150x120x70 mm. The cut sheet is wound onto a wooden or metal cylinder with a diameter of (23.8) mm so that the lower base of the trapezoid protrudes 15-20 mm above the cut of the cylinder. The protruding part is folded and glued, forming the bottom of the sleeve.

1.3.1.2. A sample of explosive weighing (10.00 ± 0.01) g is placed in a paper sleeve. A cardboard wad is inserted on top. In a special matrix (bronze) with a diameter of (24.5 ± 0.1) mm, using a bronze punch with a diameter of 24.0 mm, having a protrusion at the end with a diameter of 7.5 mm, a length of 12 mm (in the form of ED or CD), the explosive is prepressed up to a density of (1.00 ± 0.03) g/cm, which is provided by the geometric dimensions of the press tool and the weight of the sample.
It is allowed to test samples at an operational density, the value of which is established in the standards or specifications for a particular explosive. Density is controlled by measuring the geometric dimensions of the charge. A wooden cylinder is inserted into the recess of the formed charge.

1.3.2. Preparation for testing liquid, viscous and plastic (except industrial) explosives
For testing, a sample of explosive is used with a mass that ensures that the paper sleeve is filled with explosive to a height of (25.6 ± 0.1) mm. The sleeve is made as indicated in clause 1.3.1.1 and moisture-proofed with paraffin. Industrial explosives are prepared according to clause 1.3.1.2.

1.3.1.1-1.3.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.3.3. Preparing bombs for testing

1.3.3.1. For testing, at least two bombs are selected from each batch, providing an expansion value of (285 ± 7) ml when testing for CO of a TNT charge from ED or KD.

1.3.3.2. For each batch of bombs, a passport is drawn up in the form indicated in the recommended Appendix 2.

1.4. Conducting a test

1.4.2. An ED or CD is inserted into the explosive charge socket (after removing the wooden cylinder from the socket. The charge is lowered to the bottom of the bomb channel. The remaining free space of the bomb channel is covered with quartz sand) without sealing to the level of the upper cut of the bomb channel. The bomb is installed on solid ground or a concrete base and an explosive charge is detonated.

1.4.3. After testing, the bomb channel is cleaned with a hair brush, the solid products of the explosion are removed by inverting the bomb, and the volume of the bomb channel is measured as indicated in paragraph 1.4.1.
If, after the test, cracks appear in the lead bomb, as evidenced by the release of air bubbles when the bomb channel is filled with water, then the result is considered invalid and a second test is carried out.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.5. Processing test results

1.5.1. Explosiveness (), cm, at a bomb temperature of 15 ° C is calculated by the formula

where is the volume of the bomb channel after the explosion, cm;
- the initial volume of the bomb channel, see
If the tests are carried out at a different bomb temperature, then the result is corrected according to the table.

Bomb temperature, °C	Correction factor, %

Correction calculation example

Correction () in cubic centimeters (milliliters) for a bomb temperature of 10 ° C is calculated by the formula

where - explosiveness at a bomb temperature of 10 ° C, cm;
2.0 - correction factor corresponding to a bomb temperature of 10 ° C,%, found from the table.
The found correction is added to the obtained test result.
For each explosive, at least two parallel determinations are carried out and the arithmetic mean is calculated, rounded up to a whole number.
The discrepancy between the results of parallel determinations should not exceed ± 7 cm from the arithmetic mean. Upon receipt of deviations from the average value greater than the normalized value, two additional determinations are carried out and the average value is calculated from four determinations.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

2. DETERMINATION OF HEALTH WITH THE HELP OF A BALLISTIC MORTAR

2.1. Sampling is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.1.

2.2. Equipment, instruments, reagents and materials
A ballistic mortar (Fig. 1 of Annex 3) consists of a mortar (Fig. 2 of Reference Annex 3) with a mass of (350 ± 10) kg, a frame and a goniometer with a deviation angle of vernier 2 ". The distance from the center of swing to the center of gravity of the mortar should be (3000 ± 12) mm. The volume of the explosive chamber of the mortar is (290 ± 5) cm, and the expansion chamber - (1605 ± 5) cm. Control of volumes at least after 25 explosions with pouring water using a measuring cylinder. Mortar projectile weighing 16 .0 kg, having one through hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm for the output of wires from the EM and three blind holes with a diameter of 14 mm for placing additional cargo in them if the mass of the projectile is less than 16.0 kg.
Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.01 g.
Demolition machine PIV-100 or another type of demolition device.
Instant electric detonators according to GOST 9089.
CO charge from TNT according to clause 1.2.
Ruff metal or emery cloth.
Acetone according to GOST 2768 or GOST 2603.
Gasoline according to GOST 1012 or GOST 8505.
Industrial oil according to GOST 20799.
Adhesive from polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992.
Other glue is allowed, providing the strength of the glued seam of the sleeves.

2.3. Preparing for the test

2.3.1. Preparation for testing explosives in accordance with paragraphs 1.3.1 and 1.3.2.

2.3.2.

2.3.3. Preparing a ballistic mortar for testing

2.3.3.1. The readiness of a ballistic mortar is checked by testing the CO charge of TNT. A ballistic mortar is considered serviceable if, when testing a CO charge, the deviation of the mortar body () is (0.0295 ± 0.0008) - the average value of three tests.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

2.3.3.2. The ballistic mortar is checked before each series of explosive tests, but at least once a day (before the start of explosive tests) during daily work.

2.4. Conducting a test

2.4.2. The prepared ballistic mortar is set to its original position (the stable state of the mortar body with free suspension).
Set the protractor to the "zero" position and undermine the explosive charge.

2.4.3. After the test, readings are taken from the goniometer.

2.5. Processing test results

2.5.1. Relative explosiveness () is determined by the formula

where and are the deflection angles of the ballistic mortar during the explosion of the test subject and CO explosive charges.

2.5.2. For each explosive, at least three parallel determinations are carried out and the arithmetic mean is calculated, rounded to thousandths of a number.
The discrepancy between the results of parallel determinations by value () should not be more than 2.5% of the arithmetic mean. Upon receipt of deviations from the mean value greater than the normalized value, an additional three determinations are carried out and the average value is calculated from six determinations.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

3. DETERMINATION OF THE EXPLOSIVEITY OF INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVES ON A BALLISTIC PENDULUM

3.1. Sampling - according to GOST 14839.0*.
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 50843-95 applies.

The mass of the sample for testing is not less than 600 g.

3.2. Equipment, devices and materials
Ballistic pendulum, consisting of a device for measuring pendulum deviations (a ruler with a measurement error of up to 0.5 mm), the pendulum itself and a mortar.
The main parameters of the ballistic pendulum are given in the mandatory Appendix 4.
Electric detonator EDKZ-OP according to GOST 21806.
Centering rings with a thickness of (2.0 ± 0.5) mm, an outer diameter of (70 ± 1) mm and an inner diameter of (37.0 ± 0.5) mm made of cardboard according to GOST 9347 - to align the longitudinal axis of the explosive charge with the axis of the chamber pendulum.
Paper for patronage according to GOST 6662.
Sleeve polyethylene film according to GOST 10354.
CO charge: carbonite E-6 200 according to GOST 21983*, 36-37 mm in diameter, having a detonation velocity of (2.12±0.30) km/s - for industrial explosives IV-VI classes;
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. GOST R 52036-2003 is valid, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note

ammonite N 6 ZhV 200 according to GOST 21984, with a diameter of 36-37 mm, having a detonation velocity of (4.25 ± 0.15) km / s - for industrial explosives of classes I-III.
Glue made of polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992 or any other adhesive that ensures the strength of the glued cartridge seam.
Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.1 g.
Demolition machine PIV-100 or another type of demolition device.
Ruff metal.
Twine or cotton thread.

3.3. Preparing for the test

3.3.1. Preparation for testing explosives

3.3.1.1. Prepare CO charges and charges of the test explosive with a mass of (200 ± 10) g and a diameter of 36-37 mm. Explosives produced in cartridges of other sizes, as well as in non-cartridged form, are placed in a paper sleeve in 2.5-3.5 turns, and water-filled explosives are placed in a polyethylene sleeve (CO charge in this case is also prepared in a polyethylene sheath). The ends of the paper sleeves are folded over, and the ends of the polyethylene sleeve are tied with twine or thread. From one end of the cartridge, an electric detonator is placed in the charge for its entire length.

3.3.1.2. Two centering cardboard rings are put on the cartridges of the test and CO charges, which are placed at a distance of 20-30 mm from the ends of the cartridge.

3.3.2. Preparation of equipment for testing

3.3.2.1. The "zero" position of the pendulum in a state of equilibrium is set along the ruler of the reading device.

3.3.2.2. Before testing, the mortar channel is "dry" by detonating a CO explosive charge in it with a mass of 200 g and a diameter of 32-36 mm. The channel is cleaned with a metal brush from the products of the explosion.

3.3.2.3. Three control tests are carried out with CO explosive charges. A ballistic pendulum is considered serviceable if, when testing CO charges, the deviation () for E-6 coalite is (95 ± 10) mm, and for ammonite 6ZhV (150 ± 10) mm.
If the discrepancies between the deviation values () differ from the arithmetic mean by more than 5%, then three additional tests are carried out and the arithmetic mean of six tests is calculated. If the arithmetic mean of the deviations during the explosion of the CO charge does not fit within the specified limits, then the pendulum is adjusted by changing the installation height of the measuring ruler. The frequency of checking the pendulum is once a quarter.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

3.4. Testing

3.4.1. A charge with an electric detonator and centering rings is placed in the mortar chamber so that its end is flush with the mouth of the mortar channel.

3.4.2. The wires of the electric detonator are placed in the groove of the end surface of the mortar.

3.4.3. The mortar is rolled up close to the pendulum, while preventing its displacement from the previously noted "zero" position, and the charge is detonated.

3.4.4. On the scale of the measuring ruler mark the position of the pendulum after the deflection with an error of ±0.5 mm.

3.4.5. Explosion and registration of deviations are carried out separately for CO and the studied explosive charges in turn, starting with the CO charge.

3.5. Processing test results

3.5.1. Relative explosiveness () is determined by the formula

where and are the average values of pendulum deviations when testing the investigated and CO explosive charges, mm.

3.5.2. For each explosive, at least three parallel tests are carried out. Calculate the arithmetic mean value , for the subject and CO explosive charges. The discrepancies between the results of parallel determinations should not exceed 5% of the arithmetic mean.
Upon receipt of deviations from the average value greater than the normalized value, three additional determinations are made with the CO charge and the test explosive, and the average value is calculated from six determinations.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

4.1. All work related to the preparation and testing of explosives at explosives manufacturing enterprises must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the current operating rules for production facilities approved in the prescribed manner, and at explosives consumer enterprises in accordance with the unified safety rules for blasting approved by Gosgortekhnadzor USSR.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

APPENDIX 1 (mandatory). BOMB

ATTACHMENT 1
Mandatory

Notes:

1. Bombs are cast from lead according to GOST 3778 * in metal molds. Bombs are allowed to be cast from 50% lead according to GOST 3778* and 50% used bombs. Bomb casting should be carried out in one step at a temperature of (400 ± 10) °C. To ensure the high explosiveness of the CO charge of TNT (285 ± 7) cm3, it is allowed to add no more than 0.1% zinc to lead according to GOST 3640 or a lead-antimony ligature.
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. GOST 3778-98 is in force. - Database manufacturer's note.

2. The bottom of the bomb must not have a shrinkage cavity, and the surface must be solid, without delamination. Sinks on the internal channel are not allowed.

3. Finished bombs are allowed to be tested not earlier than 48 hours after casting.

4. Mark the serial number of the batch.

5. Subject each batch of bombs to a test for lead hardness during the explosion of a CO charge of TNT in accordance with paragraphs 1.3.3 and 1.4 of this standard.

APPENDIX 2 (recommended). Passport form. Front side. back side

(front side)

THE PASSPORT

per batch of lead bombs N

manufactured by the enterprise
		symbol or trademark

Total batch weight

Bombs are made of lead
	standard number and lead grade,

melt number, casting date

Acceptance test results

Name of indicator	Meaning of indicators
	according to GOST 4546-81	test results
1. Geometric dimensions, mm:
height
diameter
channel diameter
channel depth
2. Channel volume, cm
3. The value of the expansion from undermining the CO charge of TNT, cm

Passport form
(back side)
Certificate of acceptance

Lead bombs, party N

satisfy, dissatisfy

requirements of GOST 4546 and are recognized as fit

for use.

Head (chief engineer)

Head of Quality Control Department

APPENDIX 1. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

APPENDIX 3 (informative). SCHEME OF TESTING ON A BALLISTIC MORTAR

APPENDIX 3
Reference

1 - goniometer; 2 - frame; 3 - mortar
Damn.1

1 - mortar body; 2 - release screw; 3 - explosive chamber; 4 - expansion chamber; 5 - flange; 6 - projectile; 7 - explosive charge; 8 - ED
Damn.2

APPENDIX 4 (mandatory). BASIC PARAMETERS OF THE BALLISTIC PENDULUM

APPENDIX 4
Mandatory

1 - mortar weighing (1500 ± 25) kg; 2 - pendulum weighing (11000±100) kg

Note. The drawing does not define the design of the pendulum.

SUBSTANCES, EXPLOSIVE

METHODS FOR DETERMINING HEAVY EXPOSURE GOST 4546-81

Official edition

STANDARDS PUBLISHING HOUSE Moscow

UDC 662.2/3.001.4:006.354 Pears L79

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

SUBSTANCES, EXPLOSIVE

Methods for determining explosiveness

Methods of fogasse properties definition

Date of introduction 01.01.83

This standard applies to explosive substances (HE) and mixtures based on them and establishes the following methods for determining explosiveness: in a lead bomb, using ballistic mortars and a pendulum.

Methods for determining with the help of ballistic mortars and pendulums are based on determining the relative deviation of the load on suspensions due to the high-explosive action of the explosion products of the explosive charge.

The method of determination using a ballistic mortar extends to powdered ones. granular, plastic, liquid, viscous explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 20 mm.

The method of determination using a ballistic pendulum applies to industrial explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 30 mm.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. I).

1. DETERMINATION OF EXPLOSIVE IN A LEAD BOMB

1.1. Sampling Rules

1.1.1. Sampling is carried out according to standards or specifications for specific explosives.

1.2. Appliances, materials and utensils

Bomb (see Appendix 1).

Mercury thermometer with division value 1 1 C.

Instantaneous electric detonator (ED) according to GOST 9089-75 or detonator cap (KD) according to GOST 6254.

Fire-conducting borehole in accordance with GOST 3470 with a length of at least 1 m (for undermining the pressure vessel).

Demolition machine PIV-100 or another type of demolition device.

Cardboard wad with an outer diameter of 24.0 0) mm. hole diameter 7.5 k|> - 5 mm. 1.0-1.5 mm thick.

Sleeves made of paper according to GOST 6662 or GOST 2228 with a layer thickness of 0.15-0.20 mm or from parchment according to GOST 1760.

Air-dry quartz sand with a grain size of 0.400-0.700 mm (pass through sieve No. 07 and residue on sieve No. 045 according to GOST 3826).

Ruff hair for cleaning the channel of the bomb.

S. 2 GOST 4546-81

Standard sample (RS) charge: TNT with a solidification point of at least 80.2 "C, recrystallized from ethyl alcohol (prepared according to GOST 5984), weighing (I0.0lfct0.01) g, placed in a paper sleeve (clause 1.3.1.1 ) and pressed to a density of (!.00 ± 0.03) g / cm 3 (clause 1.3.1.2).

Wooden cylinder with a diameter of (7.5 ± 0.1) mm and a length of 50 mm.

Adhesive from polyvinylenetate dispersion according to GOST 18992 or other adhesive that ensures the strength of the glued seam of the sleeves.

Paraffin according to GOST 23683.

Vola to measure the volume of the bomb channel.

Measuring cylinder according to GOST 1770, with a capacity of 500 or 250 cm 3 or a beaker of the same capacity.

(Revised edition, Rev. .\e I).

1.3. Preparing for the test

1.3.1. Preparation for testing powdered and granular B B

1.3.1.1. Manufacturing of paper sleeve.

The sleeve is made as follows.

The paper is cut according to the template into sheets corresponding in shape to a rectangular trapezoid with dimensions (upper, lower bases, height) 150 x 120 x 70 mm. The cut sheet is wound onto a wooden or metal cylinder with a diameter of (23.8_ ",) mm so. so that the lower base of the trapezoid protrudes 15-20 mm above the cut of the cylinder. The protruding part is bent and glued, forming the bottom of the sleeve.

It is allowed to test samples at an operational density, the value of which is established in the standards or specifications for a particular explosive. Density is controlled by measuring the geometric dimensions of the charge. A wooden cylinder is inserted into the recess of the formed charge.

1.3.2. /Preparation for testing liquid, viscous and mastic (except for pramiiienny) explosives

For testing, a sample of explosive is used with a mass that provides filling with explosive

substance of the paper sleeve to a height of (25.6 ± 0.1) mm. The sleeve is made as indicated in paragraph 1.3.1.1 and azagoisolated with paraffin. Industrial explosives are prepared according to clause 1.3.1.2.

1.3.1.1 -1.3.2.

1.3.3. Preparing bombs for testing

1.3.3.1. For testing, at least two bombs are selected from each batch, providing an expansion value of (285 ± 7) ml when testing for CO of a TNT charge from ED or KD.

1.3.3.2. For each batch of bombs, a passport is drawn up in the form indicated in the recommended Appendix 2.

1.4. Conducting a test

1.4.1. The volume of the rope and the temperature of the bomb are preliminarily measured, for which water is poured into the rope of the bomb from a measuring cylinder or beaker. The measurement is carried out: during tests at negative air temperature - after the bomb and water have reached positive room temperature. When testing at positive air temperature, the measurement of the volume of the bomb channel and its temperature is carried out after the bomb and water become the same temperature as the surrounding air. After measurement, the bomb rope is wiped dry.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

1.4.2. An ED or CD is inserted into the explosive charge socket (after removing the wooden cylinder from the socket. The charge is lowered to the bottom of the bomb channel. The remaining free space of the bomb rope is covered with quartz sand) without compaction to the level of the upper cut of the bomb channel. The bomb is installed on solid ground or a concrete base and an explosive charge is detonated.

If, after the test, cracks appear in the lead bomb, as evidenced by the release of air bubbles when the bomb rope is filled with water, then the result is considered invalid and a second test is carried out.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

GOST 4546-81 S. 3

1.5. Processing test results

1.5.1. Explosiveness (DY). cm \ at a bomb temperature of 15 "C is calculated by the formula

where V K is the volume of the bomb channel after the explosion, cm 3:

V u is the initial volume of the bomb channel, cm 3 .

If the tests are carried out at a different bomb temperature, then the result is corrected according to the table.

bomb temperature. 'FROM	Corrective coefficient. %	bomb temperature. 'FROM	Correction factor. S-

Correction calculation example

The correction (AO in cubic centimeters (milliliters) for a bomb temperature of 10 °C is calculated by the formula

where D V - explosiveness at a bomb temperature of 10 * C, cm 3;

2.0 is a correction factor corresponding to a bomb temperature of 10*C, %. found in the table.

The found correction is added to the obtained test result.

For each explosive, at least two parallel determinations are carried out and the arithmetic mean is calculated, rounded up to a whole number.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

2. DETERMINATION OF HEALTH WITH THE HELP OF A BALLISTIC MORTAR

2.1. Sampling is carried out in accordance with paragraph 1.1.1.

2.2. Equipment, instruments, reagents and materials

applications 3) weighing (350±10) kg. frame and goniometer with a vernier deflection angle of 2". The distance from the center of swing to the center of gravity of the mortar should be (3000 ± 12) mm. The volume of the explosive chamber of the mortar is (290 ± 5) cm 3, and the expansion chamber - (1b05 ± ) cm 3. Control of volumes at least after 25 explosions with pouring water using a measuring cylinder. A mortar shell weighing 16.0 kg, having one through hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm for the output of wires from the ED and three blind holes with a diameter of 14 mm for placement of additional cargo in them, if the mass of the projectile is less than 16.0 kg.

Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.01 g.

Demolition machine 11I V-100 or another type of demolition device.

Instant electric detonators according to GOST 9089.

CO charge from TNT according to clause 1.2.

Ruff metal or emery cloth.

Acetone according to GOST 2768 or GOST 2603.

Gasoline according to GOST 1012 or GOST 8505.

Industrial oil according to GOST 20799.

Adhesive from floor and vinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992.

Other glue is allowed, providing the strength of the glued seam of the sleeves.

2.3. Preparing for the test

2.3.1. Preparation for testing explosives in accordance with paragraphs. 1.3.1 and 1.3.2.

S. 4 GOST 4546-81

2.3.2. Preparation of equipment for testing

2.3.3. Preparing the B&Iistic Mortar for Testing

2.3.3.1. The readiness of a ballistic mortar is checked by testing the CO charge of TNT. A ballistic mortar is considered serviceable if, when testing a CO charge, the deviation of the mortar body (I-cos a) is (0.0295 + 0.0008) - the average value of three tests.

(Revised edition, Rev. .Vv I).

2.3.3.2. The ballistic mortar is checked before each series of explosive tests. but at least once a day (before the start of explosive tests) during daily work.

2.4. Conducting a test

2.4.2. The prepared ballistic mortar is set to its original position (the stable state of the mortar body with free suspension).

Set the protractor to the "zero" position and undermine the explosive charge.

2.4.3. After the test, readings are taken from the goniometer.

2.5. Processing test results

2.5.1. Relative explosiveness (A) is determined by the formula

I - COS 0(. 0 '

where аn and «co are the deviation angles of the ballistic mortar during the explosion of the test subject and CO explosive charges.

2.5.2. For each explosive, at least three parallel determinations are carried out and the arithmetic mean is calculated, rounded to thousandths of a number.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

3. DETERMINATION OF THE EXPLOSIVEITY OF INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVES AT A BALLISTIC

PENDULUM

3.1. Sampling - according to GOST 14839.0 1 .

The mass of the sample for testing is not less than 600 g.

3.2. Equipment, devices and materials

Ballistic pendulum, consisting of a device for measuring pendulum deviations (a ruler with a measurement error of up to 0.5 mm), the pendulum itself and a mortar.

The main parameters of the ballistic pendulum are given in the mandatory Appendix 4.

Electric detonator EDKZ-OP according to GOST 21806.

Centering rings with a thickness of (2.0 ± 0.5) mm, an outer diameter of (70 ± 1) mm and an inner diameter of (37.0 ± 0.5) mm made of cardboard according to GOST 9347 - yes, I align the longitudinal axis of the explosive charge with the axis of the pendulum chamber.

Paper for patronage according to GOST 6662.

Sleeve polyethylene film according to GOST 10354.

CO charge: carbonite E-6 200 according to GOST 21983, diameter 36-37 mm. having a detonation velocity of (2.12 ± 0.30) km / s - for industrial explosives of IV-VI classes;

ammonite No. 6 ZhV 200 according to GOST 21984. with a diameter of 36-37 mm, having a detonation speed of (4.25 ± 0.15) km / s - for industrial explosives of I-111 classes.

Adhesive from polyvinnline dispersion according to GOST 18992 or any other adhesive that ensures the strength of the glued cartridge seam.

Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.1 g.

Demolition machine PI V-100 or another type of demolition device.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 50843-95 is valid.

GOST 4546-81 S. 5

Ruff metal.

Twine or cotton thread.

3.3. Preparing for the test

3.3.1. Preparing for the IV test

3.3.1.1. Prepare CO charges and charges of the test explosive with a mass of (200 ± 10) g and a diameter of 36-37 mm. Explosives produced in cartridges of other sizes, as well as in non-cartridge propane form, are placed in a paper sleeve in 2.5-3.5 turns, and water-filled explosives are placed in a polyethylene sleeve (CO charge in this case is also prepared in polyethylene shell). The ends of the paper sleeves are folded over, and the ends of the polyethylene sleeve are tied with twine or thread. From one end of the cartridge, an electric detonator will be placed into the charge for its entire length.

3.3.1.2. Two centering cardboard rings are put on the cartridges of the test and CO charges, which are placed at a distance of 20-30 mm from the ends of the cartridge.

3.3.2. Preparation of equipment for testing

3.3.2.1. The “zero” position of the pendulum in the state of equilibrium is established along the ruler of the reading device.

3.3.2.2. Before testing, the mortar channel is dried by detonating a CO explosive charge in it with a mass of 200 g and a diameter of 32-36 mm. The channel is cleaned with a metal brush from the products of the explosion.

3.3.2.3. Three control tests are carried out with CO explosive charges. A ballistic pendulum is considered serviceable if, when testing CO charges, the deviation

If the discrepancies between the deviation values \u200b\u200b(/co) differ from the arithmetic mean by more than 5%, then three additional tests are carried out and the arithmetic mean of six tests is calculated. If the arithmetic mean of the deviations during the explosion of the CO charge does not fit within the specified limits, then the pendulum is adjusted by changing the installation height of the measuring ruler. The frequency of checking the pendulum is once a quarter.

(Revised edition, Rev. Ss 1).

3.4. Testing

3.4.1. A charge with an electric detonator and centering rings is placed in the mortar chamber as follows. so that its end is flush with the mouth of the mortar channel.

3.4.2. The wires of the electric detonator are placed in the groove of the end surface of the mortar.

3.4.3. The mortar is rolled up close to the pendulum, while not allowing it to move from the previously noted “zero * position”, and undermine the charge.

3.4.4. On the scale of the measuring ruler mark the position of the pendulum after the deflection with an error of ±0.5 mm.

3.4.5. Explosion and registration of deviations are carried out separately for CO and the studied explosive charges in turn, starting with the CO charge.

3.5. Processing test results

3.5.1. Relative explosiveness (/) is determined by the formula

where /,. and / w - the average values of pendulum deviations during testing of the investigated and CO explosive charges, mm.

3.5.2. For each explosive, at least three parallel tests are carried out. Calculate the arithmetic mean value / co for the subject and CO explosive charges. The discrepancies between the results of parallel determinations should not exceed 5% of the arithmetic mean.

Upon receipt of deviations from the average value greater than the normalized value, three additional determinations are made with the CO charge and the test explosive, and the average value is calculated from six determinations.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

4.1. All work related to the preparation and testing of explosives at explosives manufacturers. it is necessary to carry out in accordance with the requirements of the operating rules for the operation of industries approved in the prescribed manner, and at the enterprises-consumers of explosives in accordance with the unified safety rules for blasting, approved by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

S. 6 GOST 4546-81

APPENDIX I

Mandatory

II r and m with ch and n and I:

1. Bombs are cast from pig according to GOST 3778 in metal molds. Bombs are allowed to be cast from 50% lead according to GOST 3778 and 50% used bombs. Bomb casting should be carried out in one step at a temperature of (400 ± 10) 'C. To ensure the high explosiveness of CO of the TNT charge (285 ± 7) cxi-5, it is allowed to add no more than 0.1% zinc to lead according to GOST 3640 or a lead-antimony ligature.

2. The bottom of the bomb must not have a shrinkage cavity, and the surface must be solid, without delamination. Sinks on the internal channel are not allowed.

3. Finished bombs are allowed to be tested not earlier than 48 hours after casting.

4. Mark the serial number of the batch.

5. Each batch of bombs is subjected to a lead hardness test during the detonation of a CO charge of TNT in accordance with paragraphs. 1.3.3 and 1.4 of this standard.

Passport form

(front side)

PASSPORT for a batch of lead bombs No. _

and "prepared by the enterprise _19_

other designation or mark

Batch total weight _ (kg)

Bombs are made from pig

ciaiiaapia number and spinner brand.

lath number, casting date

GOST 4546-81 S. 7

Acceptance test results

Name indicators	Meaning of indicators
Name indicators	but GOST 4S46-SI	test results
1. Geometric dimensions, mm:

diameter D
channel diameter
channel depth
2. Channel volume, cm 3
3. Significance of expansion from undermining CO
charge of TNT A K cm 5

5. REPUBLICATION (June 1998) with Amendment No. 1 approved in November 1989 (IUS 2-90)

This standard applies to explosives and mixtures based on them and establishes the following methods for determining explosiveness: in a lead bomb, using ballistic mortars and a pendulum.

The method of determination in a lead bomb is based on determining the expansion of the bomb channel by the explosion products of an explosive charge of a certain mass and size and applies to powdered, granular, liquid, viscous and plastic explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 20 mm.

Methods for determining using ballistic mortars and a pendulum are based on determining the relative deviation of the load on the hangers due to the high-explosive action of the explosion products of the explosive charge.

The method of determination using a ballistic mortar applies to powdered, granular, plastic, liquid, viscous explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 20 mm.

The method of determination using a ballistic pendulum applies to industrial explosives with a critical detonation diameter of not more than 30 mm.

1. DETERMINATION OF EXPLOSIVE IN A LEAD BOMB

1.1. Sampling Rules

1.1.1. Sampling is carried out according to standards or specifications for specific explosives.

1.2. Appliances, materials and utensils

Bomb (see Appendix 1).

Mercury thermometer with division value 1 °С.

Instantaneous electric detonator (ED) according to GOST 9089-75 or detonator cap (KD) according to GOST 6254.

Flame retardant cord according to GOST 3470* with a length of at least 1 m (for undermining the CD).
________________
*Document not cited. For more information please follow the link

A wad made of cardboard with an outer diameter of 24.0 mm, a hole diameter of 7.5 mm, a thickness of 1.0-1.5 mm.

Sleeves made of paper according to GOST 6662 or GOST 2228 with a layer thickness of 0.15-0.20 mm or from parchment according to GOST 1760.

Air-dry quartz sand with grain size 0.400-0.700 mm (pass through sieve N 07 and residue on sieve N 045 according to GOST 3826).

Ruff hair for cleaning the channel of the bomb.

Standard sample (RS) charge: TNT with a solidification point of at least 80.2 ° C, recrystallized from ethyl alcohol (prepared according to GOST 5984 *), weighing (10.00 ± 0.01) g, placed in a paper sleeve (p. 1.3.1.1) and pre-pressed to a density of (1.00±0.03) g/cm (clause 1.3.1.2).
________________
GOST 5984-99. - Database manufacturer's note.

Wooden cylinder with a diameter of (7.5 ± 0.1) mm and a length of 50 mm.

GOST 18992 or other adhesive that ensures the strength of the glued seam of the sleeves.

Paraffin according to GOST 23683.

Water to measure the volume of the bomb channel.

Measuring cylinder according to GOST 1770, with a capacity of 500 or 250 cm 3 or a beaker of the same capacity.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.3. Preparing for the test

1.3.1. Preparation for testing powdered and granular explosives

1.3.1.1. Manufacturing of paper sleeve.

The sleeve is made as follows.

The paper is cut according to the template into sheets corresponding in shape to a rectangular trapezoid with dimensions (upper, lower bases, height) 150x120x70 mm. The cut sheet is wound onto a wooden or metal cylinder with a diameter of (23.8) mm so that the lower base of the trapezoid protrudes 15-20 mm above the cut of the cylinder. The protruding part is folded and glued, forming the bottom of the sleeve.

1.3.1.2. A sample of explosive weighing (10.00 ± 0.01) g is placed in a paper sleeve. A cardboard wad is inserted on top. In a special matrix (bronze) with a diameter of (24.5 ± 0.1) mm, using a bronze punch with a diameter of 24.0 mm, having a protrusion at the end with a diameter of 7.5 mm, a length of 12 mm (in the form of ED or CD), the explosive is prepressed up to a density of (1.00 ± 0.03) g/cm, which is provided by the geometric dimensions of the press tool and the weight of the sample.

It is allowed to test samples at an operational density, the value of which is established in the standards or specifications for a particular explosive. Density is controlled by measuring the geometric dimensions of the charge. A wooden cylinder is inserted into the recess of the formed charge.

1.3.2. Preparation for testing liquid, viscous and plastic (except industrial) explosives

For testing, a sample of explosive is used with a mass that ensures that the paper sleeve is filled with explosive to a height of (25.6 ± 0.1) mm. The sleeve is made as indicated in clause 1.3.1.1 and moisture-proofed with paraffin. Industrial explosives are prepared according to clause 1.3.1.2.

1.3.1.1-1.3.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.3.3. Preparing bombs for testing

1.3.3.1. For testing, at least two bombs are selected from each batch, providing an expansion value of (285 ± 7) ml when testing for CO of a TNT charge from ED or KD.

1.3.3.2. For each batch of bombs, a passport is drawn up in the form indicated in the recommended Appendix 2.

1.4. Conducting a test

1.4.2. An ED or CD is inserted into the explosive charge socket (after removing the wooden cylinder from the socket. The charge is lowered to the bottom of the bomb channel. The remaining free space of the bomb channel is covered with quartz sand) without sealing to the level of the upper cut of the bomb channel. The bomb is installed on solid ground or a concrete base and an explosive charge is detonated.

1.4.3. After testing, the bomb channel is cleaned with a hair brush, the solid products of the explosion are removed by inverting the bomb, and the volume of the bomb channel is measured as indicated in paragraph 1.4.1.

If, after the test, cracks appear in the lead bomb, as evidenced by the release of air bubbles when the bomb channel is filled with water, then the result is considered invalid and a second test is carried out.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.5. Processing test results

1.5.1. Explosiveness (), cm, at a bomb temperature of 15 ° C is calculated by the formula

where is the volume of the bomb channel after the explosion, cm;

- the initial volume of the bomb channel, see

If the tests are carried out at a different bomb temperature, then the result is corrected according to the table.


Bomb temperature, °C	Correction factor, %

Correction calculation example

Correction () in cubic centimeters (milliliters) for a bomb temperature of 10 ° C is calculated by the formula

where - explosiveness at a bomb temperature of 10 ° C, cm;

2.0 - correction factor corresponding to a bomb temperature of 10 ° C,%, found from the table.

The found correction is added to the obtained test result.

For each explosive, at least two parallel determinations are carried out and the arithmetic mean is calculated, rounded up to a whole number.

The discrepancy between the results of parallel determinations should not exceed ± 7 cm from the arithmetic mean. Upon receipt of deviations from the average value greater than the normalized value, two additional determinations are carried out and the average value is calculated from four determinations.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

2. DETERMINATION OF HEALTH WITH THE HELP OF A BALLISTIC MORTAR

2.1. Sampling is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.1.

2.2. Equipment, instruments, reagents and materials

A ballistic mortar (Fig. 1 of Annex 3) consists of a mortar (Fig. 2 of Reference Annex 3) with a mass of (350 ± 10) kg, a frame and a goniometer with a deviation angle of vernier 2 ". The distance from the center of swing to the center of gravity of the mortar should be (3000 ± 12) mm. The volume of the explosive chamber of the mortar is (290 ± 5) cm, and the expansion chamber - (1605 ± 5) cm. Control of volumes at least after 25 explosions with pouring water using a measuring cylinder. Mortar projectile weighing 16 .0 kg, having one through hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm for the output of wires from the EM and three blind holes with a diameter of 14 mm for placing additional cargo in them if the mass of the projectile is less than 16.0 kg.

Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.01 g.

Demolition machine PIV-100 or another type of demolition device.

Instant electric detonators according to GOST 9089.

CO charge from TNT according to clause 1.2.

Ruff metal or emery cloth.

Acetone according to GOST 2768 or GOST 2603.

Gasoline according to GOST 1012 or GOST 8505.

Industrial oil according to GOST 20799.

Glue from polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992.

Other glue is allowed, providing the strength of the glued seam of the sleeves.

2.3. Preparing for the test

2.3.1. Preparation for testing explosives in accordance with paragraphs 1.3.1 and 1.3.2.

2.3.2.

2.3.3. Preparing a ballistic mortar for testing

2.3.3.1. The readiness of a ballistic mortar is checked by testing the CO charge of TNT. A ballistic mortar is considered serviceable if, when testing a CO charge, the deviation of the mortar body () is (0.0295 ± 0.0008) - the average value of three tests.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

2.3.3.2. The ballistic mortar is checked before each series of explosive tests, but at least once a day (before the start of explosive tests) during daily work.

2.4. Conducting a test

2.4.2. The prepared ballistic mortar is set to its original position (the stable state of the mortar body with free suspension).

Set the protractor to the "zero" position and undermine the explosive charge.

2.4.3. After the test, readings are taken from the goniometer.

2.5. Processing test results

2.5.1. Relative explosiveness () is determined by the formula

where and are the deflection angles of the ballistic mortar during the explosion of the test subject and CO explosive charges.

2.5.2. For each explosive, at least three parallel determinations are carried out and the arithmetic mean is calculated, rounded to thousandths of a number.

The discrepancy between the results of parallel determinations by value () should not be more than 2.5% of the arithmetic mean. Upon receipt of deviations from the mean value greater than the normalized value, an additional three determinations are carried out and the average value is calculated from six determinations.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

3. DETERMINATION OF THE EXPLOSIVEITY OF INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVES ON A BALLISTIC PENDULUM

3.1. Sampling - according to GOST 14839.0 *.
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 50843-95 applies.

The mass of the sample for testing is not less than 600 g.

3.2. Equipment, devices and materials

Ballistic pendulum, consisting of a device for measuring pendulum deviations (a ruler with a measurement error of up to 0.5 mm), the pendulum itself and a mortar.

The main parameters of the ballistic pendulum are given in the mandatory Appendix 4.

Electric detonator EDKZ-OP according to GOST 21806.

Centering rings with a thickness of (2.0 ± 0.5) mm, an outer diameter of (70 ± 1) mm and an inner diameter of (37.0 ± 0.5) mm made of cardboard according to GOST 9347 - to align the longitudinal axis of the explosive charge with the axis of the chamber pendulum.

Paper for patronage according to GOST 6662.

Sleeve polyethylene film according to GOST 10354.

CO charge: carbonite E-6 200 according to GOST 21983 *, with a diameter of 36-37 mm, having a detonation velocity of (2.12 ± 0.30) km / s - for industrial explosives IV-VI classes;
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. GOST R 52036-2003 is in force, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note

ammonite N 6 ZhV 200 according to GOST 21984, with a diameter of 36-37 mm, having a detonation velocity of (4.25 ± 0.15) km / s - for industrial explosives of classes I-III.

Glue made of polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992 or any other adhesive that ensures the strength of the glued cartridge seam.

Laboratory scales with a weighing error of not more than 0.1 g.

Demolition machine PIV-100 or another type of demolition device.

Ruff metal.

Twine or cotton thread.

3.3. Preparing for the test

3.3.1. Preparation for testing explosives

3.3.1.2. Two centering cardboard rings are put on the cartridges of the test and CO charges, which are placed at a distance of 20-30 mm from the ends of the cartridge.

3.3.2. Preparation of equipment for testing

3.3.2.1. The "zero" position of the pendulum in a state of equilibrium is set along the ruler of the reading device.

3.3.2.3. Three control tests are carried out with CO explosive charges. A ballistic pendulum is considered serviceable if, when testing CO charges, the deviation () for E-6 coalite is (95 ± 10) mm, and for ammonite 6ZhV (150 ± 10) mm.

If the discrepancies between the deviation values () differ from the arithmetic mean by more than 5%, then three additional tests are carried out and the arithmetic mean of six tests is calculated. If the arithmetic mean of the deviations during the explosion of the CO charge does not fit within the specified limits, then the pendulum is adjusted by changing the installation height of the measuring ruler. The frequency of checking the pendulum is once a quarter.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

3.4. Testing

3.4.1. A charge with an electric detonator and centering rings is placed in the mortar chamber so that its end is flush with the mouth of the mortar channel.

3.4.2. The wires of the electric detonator are placed in the groove of the end surface of the mortar.

3.4.3. The mortar is rolled up close to the pendulum, while preventing its displacement from the previously noted "zero" position, and the charge is detonated.

3.4.4. On the scale of the measuring ruler mark the position of the pendulum after the deflection with an error of ±0.5 mm.

3.4.5. Explosion and registration of deviations are carried out separately for CO and the studied explosive charges in turn, starting with the CO charge.

3.5. Processing test results

3.5.1. Relative explosiveness () is determined by the formula

where and are the average values of pendulum deviations when testing the investigated and CO explosive charges, mm.

3.5.2. For each explosive, at least three parallel tests are carried out. Calculate the arithmetic mean value , for the subject and CO explosive charges. The discrepancies between the results of parallel determinations should not exceed 5% of the arithmetic mean.

Upon receipt of deviations from the average value greater than the normalized value, three additional determinations are made with the CO charge and the test explosive, and the average value is calculated from six determinations.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

APPENDIX 1 (mandatory). BOMB

ATTACHMENT 1
Mandatory

Notes:

2. The bottom of the bomb must not have a shrinkage cavity, and the surface must be solid, without delamination. Sinks on the internal channel are not allowed.

3. Finished bombs are allowed to be tested not earlier than 48 hours after casting.

4. Mark the serial number of the batch.

5. Subject each batch of bombs to a test for lead hardness during the explosion of a CO charge of TNT in accordance with paragraphs 1.3.3 and 1.4 of this standard.

APPENDIX 2 (recommended). Passport form. Front side. back side

(front side)


THE PASSPORT

per batch of lead bombs N

manufactured by the enterprise
		symbol or trademark

Total batch weight

Bombs are made of lead
	standard number and lead grade,

melt number, casting date

Acceptance test results


Name of indicator	Meaning of indicators
	according to GOST 4546-81	test results
1. Geometric dimensions, mm:
height
diameter
channel diameter
channel depth
2. Channel volume, cm
3. The value of the expansion from undermining the CO charge of TNT, cm


	Foreman

	Master OTK

Passport form
(back side)

Certificate of acceptance

Lead bombs, party N

satisfy, dissatisfy

requirements of GOST 4546 and are recognized as fit

for use.

Head (chief engineer)

Head of Quality Control Department

APPENDIX 1. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

APPENDIX 3 (informative). SCHEME OF TESTING ON A BALLISTIC MORTAR

APPENDIX 3
Reference

1 - goniometer; 2 - frame; 3 - mortar

1 - mortar body; 2 - release screw; 3 - explosive chamber; 4 - expansion chamber; 5 - flange; 6 - projectile; 7 - explosive charge; 8 - ED

APPENDIX 4 (mandatory). BASIC PARAMETERS OF THE BALLISTIC PENDULUM

APPENDIX 4
Mandatory

1 - mortar weighing (1500 ± 25) kg; 2 - pendulum weighing (11000±100) kg

Note. The drawing does not define the design of the pendulum.

Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: IPK Standards Publishing House, 1998