Settled, wintering and migratory birds: list, photo with names. What is the difference between migratory birds and wintering birds: a presentation for preschoolers. Do migratory birds nest in the south? Which birds are the first and last to arrive in spring and fly away in autumn? Photo from

15.04.2020

On the southern edge of the forest natural area, located Mordovian Reserve. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that coniferous-deciduous forests typical for these latitudes are preserved in this territory in their original, natural form. And the diversity of representatives of the mushroom kingdom is such that few other protected areas can compare with it. In addition, these places represent a huge cultural value. Here you can plunge into the history and tradition of the peoples who have inhabited the Mordovian land since time immemorial.

Where is the Mordovian Nature Reserve

Mordovian State Nature Reserve named after Pyotr Germogenovich Smidovich is located at the address: Republic of Mordovia, Temnikovsky district, pos. Pushta. Tel. +78344529648.

How to get there

First you need to get to the regional center of Temnikov. From there is a regular bus service.
If you are traveling by car, there are several options to consider:

From the side along the E30 highway, after Zubova Polyana, turn onto the P180 highway to Atyurievo, then along the Atyurievo-Temnikov road.
From the side to Murom along the P72 highway, then turn to Vyksa, then through Chupaleika, Kriusha, Tengushevo, Barashevo to Temnikovo.
From the side along the P158 highway to Arzamas, after along the Diveevo-Arzamas highway to the village of Veryakushi, then turn to Pervomaisk, Elniki and to Temnikov.

From Temnikovo to the village of Pushta, in which the central estate of the reserve is located, is about 13 kilometers.

visit

To visit the reserve, a permit is required, which is issued by the administration of the institution at its location, in the village of Puszta.
The reserve offers tourists an extensive educational program, which includes:

Visit to the museum and the visitor center of the reserve. Available all year round.
Ecological trails, namely:

Acquaintance with the reserve. Duration 1500 meters, designed for two hours. Acquaintance with the flora and fauna, as well as the landscape diversity of the reserve. Available from May to October.
Path of ancestors. Duration 1500 meters, designed for two hours. Acquaintance with the traditions of the Mordovian land. Available from May to October.
Ecosystems of the reserve. The duration is six kilometers, it involves spending the night at the Inorsky cordon. Study of all ecological systems of the reserve. Available from May to October. Designed for visitors over 12 years old.
Springs, river life. Duration 200 meters. Dedicated to the hydrological resources of the reserve. Available all year round.

On the excursion "Along the trail of ancestors."

Visiting the cordons of the reserve - Inorsky, Novenkoe and Pavlovsky. Available whole year. There are guest houses on the cordons, where travelers can spend several days alone with nature. The cost of stay will be, depending on the conditions, from 300 to 1400 rubles. per day per person.
Excursion tours, including:

"Visiting the Reserve". Includes a visit to the visitor center, a museum, an excursion along the familiarization trail. The cost is 350 rubles. from a person. Available May 15 - September 30.
"Reserved Mordovia". The cost is 600 rubles. from a person. Available all year round.
"Expedition to the Inorskiy cordon". Designed for seven days, the cost is 4900 rubles. from a person. Available from May to August.
"Expedition to the Pavlovsky cordon". Designed for five days, the cost is from 4900 to 5900 rubles. from a person. Available all year round.
"Forest Survival Course". Designed for six days, the cost is 5700 rubles. from a person. Available in July-August. Aimed at teens ages 12 to 17.
"Our Animals". Winter tour, available in the period December-March, subject to the presence of snow and temperature conditions from -5 ° to -20 °. Includes visitor center tour, snowmobile or sleigh ride to wildlife feeding grounds. The cost is 600 rubles. from a person.
"Family". Weekend tour. Includes accommodation at the Pavlovsky cordon with a one-day trip to nearby places of worship. The cost is 3800 rubles. from a person. Available all year round.
"National cuisine". Gastronomic tour. Includes a visit to the museum and an environmental awareness trail. Cost: in summer period from 850 to 1050 rubles, in winter - from 1100 to 1300 rubles. from a person. Available all year round.
"Protected Paths". Weekend tour. Includes visits to all ecological trails of the reserve. The cost is from 3190 to 4290 rubles. from a person. Available from May-November.

The central estate of the reserve.

Animals and plants of the Mordovian Reserve

Flora

The flora of the reserve is represented by the following diversity:

mushrooms - 290 species;
lichens - 136 species;

mosses - 77 species;
higher plants - 788 species.

The vast majority of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forests, of which more than half are coniferous. Among tree species pine dominates, aspen, birch, linden are also represented. Spruce, oak, elm, aspen are less common. Of the shrubs, bird cherry, currant, raspberry, and blackberry are common.
Are under protection:

one type of mushroom- coral blackberry;
two types of lichen- lobaria pulmonary and menegation perforated;
four types of vascular plants- water chestnut, lady's slipper, red pollenhead and neottiante klobuchkovy;

Fauna

Animal inhabitants of the reserve:

insects - approximately 1500 species;
fish - 32 species;
amphibians - ten species;

reptiles - six species;
birds - 215 species;
mammals - 60 species.

Are under protection:

two kinds of insects- mnemosyne and carpenter bee;
11 species of birds;
two kinds of mammals- bison and muskrat.

Did you know? Of the 60 species of mammals in the reserve, five (bison, sika deer, maral, raccoon dog and muskrat) are introduced either naturally or by humans.

Feeding wild animals in winter in the Mordovian Reserve.

Video of the Mordovian Reserve

Mordovian State Nature Reserve named after Pyotr Germogenovich Smidovich is a reserve located in the Temnikovsky district of the Republic of Mordovia, on the right bank of the Moksha River, on the border of the zone of coniferous-deciduous forests and forest-steppe. Happy viewing!

The Mordovian Reserve pleased with its friendliness and hospitality. I believe that here one can find cultural and educational program to the taste of any sophisticated traveler.

What are your impressions from visiting this reserve? Maybe it's too open to everyone? Could this harm its inhabitants? Please express your opinion in the comments.

Schur (Pinicola enucleator L)- a very rare vagrant species. On January 25, 1979, 2 males (an adult and a juvenile) were recorded in the area of the "South-West".

Black-headed Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis L)- sedentary look. Birds gather in huge flocks in autumn and migrate from forests to wastelands, where they willingly feed on burdock and thistle seeds. After snow falls, they break into small groups and roam in search of food and overnight stays.

Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L) is a rare breeding species. Some individuals remain for the winter. Birds were noted in the forest park zone and residential areas in the winter of 1990. The male chaffinch stayed in the residential area all winter. The bird was feeding on the pavement under a mountain ash (probably its seeds).

Greenfinch (Chloris chloris L) rare, partly settled, nesting species. Birds recorded on the outskirts of the southwest, in forest parks and in residential areas (3.12.78). On the territory of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute on December 13, 1993, a flock of greenfinches was encountered.

Siskin (Spinus spinus L)- the usual regularly wintering species. It usually lives alone or in small flocks. However, in some years, flocks of up to 30 or more individuals were noted. A flock of 10 individuals was seen on 01/26/83 near the Furmanov stop. Feeding of siskin with birch, red mountain ash, and thistle seeds was noted.

Linnet (Acanthis cannabina L.)- common nesting species. Found on the outskirts of the city, kept in flocks of up to 50 individuals. Birds were noted in the area of "South-West" on November 28, 1978 and on the territory of the Zelenaya Roshcha camp site on February 9, 1979.

Common tap dance (Acanthis flammea L.)- a common winter look. More often observed near birch forest plantations, alleys, parks, along roads. Found in flocks of 10 to 250 individuals. On A. Nevsky Street on 01/28/83, a flock of about 250 tap-dancers was observed. They ate birch seeds.

Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus L.)- a common, regularly occurring species. The number is 7.9 individuals / km 2. Found in all parts of the city. Birds keep in groups, often together with other species. They feed mainly on anthropogenic feed, as well as plant seeds. It feeds on feeders and dumps along with other birds: jackdaws, crows, rooks, pigeons, tits.

House sparrow (Passer domesticus L.)- numerous species. The number is 152.3 individuals / km 2. It is observed in parks, alleys, squares, near residential buildings. Birds keep both singly and in flocks. Often seen in flocks with other birds.

Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis L)- a very rare wintering species. A meeting with a flock of birds (16 individuals) was registered on January 3, 1989 in the Svetotekhstroy microdistrict.

Common Bunting (Emberiza citrinella L.) rare view. Encounters with buntings were recorded in the central park and forest parks. Keeps in small groups up to 10 - 15 individuals.

Thus, the winter avifauna of the city of Saransk is quite rich, it makes up 26.9% of the total bird fauna of Mordovia. It is represented by 37 nesting species, 2 (buzzard, green woodpecker) migratory, 4 (waxwing, bullfinch, tap-dancing, snow bunting) wintering, 1 (smur) vagrant. AT species composition dominated by a group of forest birds. This is explained by the fact that between the microdistricts "South-West" and "Svetotekhstroy" there is a large forest area, which is part of the city and, apparently, is the way birds penetrate into the urbanized landscape. In addition, a variety of biotopes attract birds in the city ( summer cottages, city parks, alleys, roadside forest belts, garden plots of the private sector, wastelands, ravines, floodplains, modern microdistricts, industrial enterprises), which are used for feeding, resting and overnight stays.

Employees of the Magadansky reserve held an event timed to coincide with two dates at once - the Day of Migratory Birds and the Day of Ecological Knowledge in the Olsk Central Library named after I. A. Varren.

The historical background to the establishment of this Day was international convention for the Protection of Birds, signed in 1906. Russia joined the Convention in 1927. Today, World Migratory Bird Day is a global environmental campaign that aims to increase knowledge about migratory birds, their habitats and travel patterns.
207 bird species have been recorded in the Magadansky Reserve. 144 of which nest on the territory of the reserve. More than 100 species are migratory. Loons, grebes, larks, wagtails, geese, ducks and many others.

Members of the club "Dialogue" (at the Olsk Central Library named after I. A. Varren) learned that spring "brings" snow bunting flying over the Magadan region at the end of March. This little bird nests even further north - in Chukotka.

And in the Magadan region, one of the first (in early April), the Steller's sea eagle flies to nesting places.

In mid-April, black crows return to the valley of the Chelomdzha River (Kava-Chelomdzhinsky section of the reserve).

As you know, people from time immemorial admired migratory birds. In early May, in the sky over Magadan, you can see the first flocks of geese and ducks flying to their nesting sites. At the same time, meetings with the white wagtail, one of the first migratory birds of the passerine order, are frequent.

In mid-May appear predator birds- for example, the hobby and the osprey. In late May - early June, you can hear cuckooing in the forest - common and deaf cuckoos will fly in from the south.

One of the main causes of migration is the reduction or even complete disappearance of winter period forage base. As a result, birds are forced to migrate to areas with milder climatic conditions, where it is possible to find food and not die from hunger and cold. First of all, this applies to birds that feed on insects of certain species, small rodents and frogs. Spending the winter in favorable conditions, obeying the instinct of procreation, the birds return home: by the time they arrive, it is already getting warm and a food base appears. Migratory birds begin to equip nesting sites and prepare for breeding.

Press service of the reserve "Magadansky"

In our article we want to tell you about the Mordovian Reserve. It is located in the Temnikovsky district of Mordovia, in the zone of deciduous and coniferous forests, as well as forest-steppe, on the banks of the Moksha River. The total area of the reserve is more than thirty-two thousand hectares of land.

From the history of the reserve

Mordovian Reserve named after P. G. Smidovich was organized in March 1936, and it received its name in honor of government worker that time, who dealt with environmental issues in the country.

The primary task of creating the reserve was to restore the number of forests that suffered from felling and burned down in fires. In 1938, the taiga zone lost about two thousand hectares of trees. At the same time, a struggle is being waged to preserve the natural landscape of the region.

Mordovian Reserve named after P. G. Smidovich, as well as its environs, contain many historical monuments. For example, here you can find settlements and human settlements dating back to the Neolithic era. In the seventeenth-twentieth centuries, the southeastern part of the Murom forests belonged to monasteries, whose ministers tried to preserve and increase forest wealth. They built special ditches to drain wetlands. Remains of their activities have survived to this day.

The reserve conducts regular monitoring of the state of the rarest species of flora on stationary registration sites.

Location of the protected area

Mordovian State Reserve named after P. G. Smidovich is located on the right bank of the Moksha. The border of the northern part of the protected area runs along the Satis, which is a tributary of the Moksha. The western border is delineated by the Chernaya, Moksha and Satisu rivers. From the southern side, the forest-steppe rises, which naturally outlines the boundaries of protected lands. It turns out that the forest areas of the reserve are included in the zone of coniferous and broad-leaved forests on the very border with the forest-steppe.

As for the climate, the protected area falls into the Atlantic-continental region. The frost-free period in a year is up to 135 days. Minus temperatures begin in November. The maximum warm temperature here reaches forty degrees, and the minimum in winter is up to -48 degrees.

water system

The water system of protected lands is represented by the Bolshaya and Malaya Chernaya, Pushta and Arga rivers. There are also streams flowing into Moksha. All of them also have their tributaries. However, during the summer period, some rivers partially dry up. Summer rains have little effect on water levels in rivers. Only heavy rains can lead to an increase in the water level of rivers. Most of the reserve is the catchment area of the Puszta River. In the southwest there are lakes, and there are quite a lot of them, about two dozen. There are large and small sizes.

Flora of the reserve

The Mordovian reserve is completely covered with forests. Half of them are pine. But in the eastern and western parts, birch massifs predominate, in the central one - linden. Oaks grow in Moksha, the age of which is one hundred and forty - one hundred and fifty years. Sometimes there are more ancient giants, whose age reaches three hundred years.

The flora of the reserve is represented by 788 species of vascular plants, as well as 73 species of mosses. The most common type of vegetation is subtaiga (light coniferous) forests of various types. Pine-oak and pine-linden forests are specific for this region. Humidity and soil provides such a wide variety of forest areas. Here you can see dry lichen forests, wet spruce forests, and black alder poplars.

I must say that the Mordovian Reserve (photos are given in the article) has preserved quite a lot of forests in its natural state on its territory. Pine forests dominate. There are no clear boundaries between the types of forests.

Fauna of the protected area

In 1930, the Mordovian Smidovich Reserve was engaged in the introduction of new species introduced into the protected area. Thus, desmans brought from Primorye were released into the lakes, which not only took root in these parts, but also became quite common for this region, and the most numerous of the ungulates. Marals were brought here from the Voronezh region and Kherson (Askania-Nova). Roe deer were introduced in 1940. Later, bison and bison, Ukrainian gray cattle were also brought. They even created a special bison park, which existed until 1979. Unfortunately, further work were stopped, the bison park was destroyed, and the animals themselves were sent to live freely.

Restoration of the number of beavers

Over the years of its existence, the Mordovian State Reserve named after Smidovich has restored the number of almost completely exterminated beavers. Work began at the end of the thirties. Now in the basin of the Moksha river, beavers have become quite numerous.

Eight hundred individuals were sent for further resettlement in Mordovia, Ryazan, Arkhangelsk, Vologda and Tomsk regions.

Beavers are very interesting animals. They fell trees for fodder and construction. They gnaw the branches, and then divide the trunk into separate parts. Imagine that they are able to knock down an aspen in just five minutes. And a tree with a diameter of forty centimeters is slowly butchered overnight. By morning, after their active work, only a stump and a bunch of sawdust remain. Beavers gnaw, standing on their hind legs, and at the same time rely on their tail. Their jaws work like a saw. Teeth in animals are self-sharpening, and therefore always remain sharp.

Beavers partially eat branches from a fallen tree on the spot, and the rest are floated along the river to their house or to the place where they will build a new dam. Sometimes animals even dig channels that serve to transport food. The length of such a channel can be a couple of hundred meters, and a width of up to fifty centimeters. The depth at the same time reaches one meter.

Beavers live in minks, or so-called huts. The entrance to their house is always under water. Animals dig holes in the banks. They represent complex system labyrinths with four or five entrances. Walls and floors are very carefully processed by beavers. In general, the dwelling itself is located at a depth of no more than one meter, has a width of up to a meter and a height of up to fifty centimeters. Animals think over the dwelling so that the height of the floors in the house is twenty centimeters higher than the water. If suddenly the water level in the river rises, then the beaver immediately raises the floor, scraping construction material from the ceiling.

Animals build huts in those places where it is impossible to dig a hole. These are either low swampy shores or shallows. The walls of the house are coated with silt or clay, it becomes strong and impregnable for any predator. Air enters the hut through the ceiling. There are many passages inside. With the onset of frost, animals insulate their homes and maintain a positive temperature throughout the winter. The water in the manholes never freezes, and therefore the beavers can always go under the ice of the reservoir. In the period of severe frosts, steam can be seen above the huts. This suggests that the house is inhabited. Sometimes the settlement of this animal simultaneously consists of holes and a hut. Why do you think beavers build dams? Everything is very simple. Although they are large, they are rodents. They have a lot of enemies: bear, wolf, wolverine, lynx. To prevent enemies from reaching them, the entrance must be flooded. For a beaver, this is not an obstacle, and predators will not get to it. However, these animals cannot live in water all the time.

Lynx in the Mordovia Reserve

The lynx is a protected animal in the reserve. An increase in the number of this animal is currently expected. According to the employees, this is due to the fact that this year there is an increase in their main food hare, the white hare.

In addition, researchers record an increase in the number of other animals, such as squirrels and spotted deer. I must say that in recent years the number of squirrels, roe deer, foxes, and martens has also increased. All these data were obtained thanks to the route accounting, which allows you to track the change in the number of certain individuals.

In general, the lynx is a very beautiful and hardy animal, which is a symbol of the reserve. the reserve first discovered a lynx in March 1941 following the traces of its vital activity. Then, in 1942, the hunters killed three individuals at once (it was a female and two young lynxes), and later an adult male as well. And since then, for six years, no traces of this animal were found anymore.

And only in 1949, the Mordovsky Reserve began to repopulate the lynx.

This animal is characterized by a dense and strong physique, has very developed legs. The fur of the animal is beautiful and thick. The lynx's sense of smell is not highly developed, but hearing and vision are excellent. Like all cats, she remarkably climbs trees, moves quietly and silently, and, if necessary, makes a big jump for her prey. In general, the lynx eats hares and some hazel grouse). However, sometimes they are able to attack prey much larger than themselves, if they see that they can overpower it. So recorded cases of attacks on roe deer, deer. The lynx is a nocturnal hunter.

There are rumors that cats are very strong and bloodthirsty, but talk of attacks on people is extremely exaggerated. If the animal is not touched, then it itself will never attack first. The lynx, on the contrary, tries to bypass the person.

Unfortunately, a decrease in the number of feral cats has been observed in the past. But now the population has increased significantly.

Tasks assigned to the reserve

Mordovian State Reserve named after P. G. Smidovich takes measures to preserve the natural state of natural complexes (biotechnical, fire-fighting and other measures), measures to protect and protect forests, fire extinguishing measures, equipping territories with signs and information boards.

The workers of the reserve are faced with the task of identifying and suppressing any violations of the regime of the protected area. The Mordovsky Reserve conducts environmental and educational work, including with schoolchildren.

In addition, research work is being carried out. The administration of the sanatorium is engaged in the organization of cognitive ecological tourism. This is, first of all, the creation of special places for tourists to rest.

Reserve Mordovskiy and ecological tourism

The purpose of the reserve is to preserve and increase natural resources, and not to hide them from the human eye behind seven locks. Therefore, the Mordovsky Reserve is actively engaged in the development of ecological tourism. This is primarily a journey into the world of the new and unknown. Such tours are organized in forests untouched by man for cognitive and educational activities.

As part of such tourism, ecological trails, specialized recreation areas, visitor centers and many other interesting objects have long been created in the reserve. However, the territory of the reserve is closed, its visit is prohibited. But tourist excursions are possible, but by prior arrangement with the administration.

Since 2013, the reserve has also become a tourist operator of the Russian Federation. It offers its visitors eight different tour programs for every taste:

1. "Visiting the Reserve" - a one-day program with a visit to the central estate and thematic events.

2. "Reserved Mordovia" - a one-day excursion route with a visit to the main attractions of the reserve.

3. Expedition to the Inorsky cordon. A seven-day hike with visits to monasteries, picturesque places, as well as educational activities and programs.

4. Expedition to the Pavlovsky cordon. For five days the guests live in wooden houses, go on excursions, visit monasteries and the main estate.

5. "Course This trip is designed for five days with accommodation and meals in camping conditions. Instructors will teach you the basics of survival in the wild, master classes are also waiting for you.

6. "Our animals". An exciting journey into the world of wildlife. The guide will introduce you to the life of birds and animals. also in winter time Vacationers can ride snowmobiles.

7. Family tour. This tour is for the weekend. In two days you will not only visit reserved places, but also a number of monasteries.

8. Tour "National Cuisine". You can not only enjoy the beauty of protected lands, but also taste dishes of national cuisines.

Instead of an afterword

Mordovian nature reserve named after Smidovich keeps and protects the wealth of nature. If you decide to visit it and admire the local beauties, then you can choose one of the eight sightseeing tours currently provided. All of them are very different and everyone will be able to choose the right option for themselves. We wish you a good rest from everyday life and admire the local beauties.