Download Heroes of the Fatherland Day for elementary school. Presentation for elementary grades for the holiday of the day of the heroes of the fatherland. Discovery of new knowledge

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The State Duma in 2007 established a new memorable date - the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland, which is celebrated on December 9 "Russians marked with the honorary title of heroes deserve to have their own holiday"

Alexander Nevsky (1221-1263) Great Russian commander. He secured the western borders of Russia. Famous battles: 1240 - Battle of the Neva; 1242 - Battle on the Ice. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Dmitry Donskoy 1359-1389 Prince of Moscow and Vladimir, built a new stone Kremlin in Moscow. Openly entered into single combat with the Horde rulers 1378 - battle on the Vozha River 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo

K. Minin and D. Pozharsky “A kind monument was erected to the Two Heroes by the whole country As a sign that the native land was delivered from misfortune” Liberation from the Polish-Swedish intervention XVII century

A.V. Suvorov (1730 - 1800) “A good name belongs to every honest person; but I concluded my good name in the glory of my Fatherland and attributed all successes to its prosperity "

G.K. Zhukov 1896-1974 Suvorov and Kutuzov kept Russia, And with them stood in one Immortal row Four times Hero Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov - Marshal and soldier

Battle of the Neva 1240 The battle took place at the mouth of the Izhora River on July 15, 1240 over a Swedish detachment, which, according to legend, was commanded by the future ruler of Sweden, Jarl Birger. The battle of 1240 prevented the loss of the shores of the Gulf of Finland by Russia, stopped the Swedish aggression on the Novgorod-Pskov lands

Battle on the Ice 1242 April 5, 1242 the battle on Lake Peipsi with the knights of the Livonian Order The victory of A. Nevsky ensured the security of the western borders of Russia for a long time

Qualities of A. Nevsky Sincere faith, a sense of the land as the highest value, deep patriotism Caring for the well-being of his subjects, pride, love of freedom, caution Personal courage, self-control, fortitude, seething energy, perseverance

The Russian army goes to Lake Peipus Monument to the squads of A. Nevsky

Perpetuating the memory of A. Nevsky Peter I in 1724 founded the monastery of Alexander Nevsky Lavra August 30 – A. Nevsky Memorial Day Catherine II established the Order of A. Nevsky I. Stalin established the Soviet Order of A. Nevsky Artist P. Korin - portrait Director S. Eisenstein - movie

Holy Reverend A. Nevsky

Icon of St. A. Nevsky

“Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword!” Alexander, Prince of Novgorod, Vladimir, a skilled commander and diplomat "His name has become a symbol of military prowess. He is ... a worthy son of his restless age"

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Hero of Russia - a title awarded for services to the state and the people associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed.

In 2007, at the initiative of President Vladimir Putin, a change was made to the federal law Russian Federation“On the days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia”, December 9 was established as the day of memory of the Heroes of the Fatherland.

In Russia, on December 9, Heroes of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation, holders of the Order of St. George the Victorious and holders of three degrees of the Order of Glory are honored. Until 1914, this day was celebrated in Russia as the feast of the Cavaliers of St. George. Since the beginning of World War I, it has been called the Day of Heroes.

In the history of our Fatherland, the date of December 9 had a special meaning. According to legend, it was on this day that St. George the Victorious, revered in Russia as the patron of the Russian army, defeated the serpent. In 1036, Yaroslav the Wise, in honor of the final victory over the Pechenegs, commanded to honor this saint.

In 1769, Catherine II established the military order of St. George, which became the highest military award of the empire. The order had four degrees, any of which gave the rights of a hereditary nobleman. Since 1849, the names of his cavaliers have been inscribed on marble plaques in the Georgievsky Hall of the Kremlin. For the entire pre-revolutionary history, 25 people were awarded with the signs of the order of the 1st degree, 125 people of the 2nd degree, and 650 of the 3rd degree.

In 1917 all orders tsarist Russia were canceled, the holiday was forgotten. New awards appeared, which were awarded to the heroes of Soviet history. In the Soviet Union in April 1934, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was established. And the first Heroes were seven pilots who rescued the crew of the Chelyuskin icebreaker from an ice floe in the Chukchi Sea.

The last Hero of the USSR was a military aquanaut captain of the 3rd rank Anatoly Solodkov, who in 1991 made a record dive to a depth of 120 meters. In total, over 13 thousand people have been awarded this high title.

On November 8, 1943, the Order of Glory was established in the USSR. It was intended to reward privates and sergeants. The first cavalier of the order of the 3rd degree was sapper Vasily Malyshev. Until 1945, 980 thousand people became cavaliers of the order of the 3rd degree, 46 thousand of the 2nd degree, and 2,562 people were full cavaliers.

In 1975, full cavaliers of the Order of Glory received equal rights with the Heroes of the Soviet Union. The Order of St. George and the insignia - the St. George Cross were returned to the Russian Federation in 1992. The Hero of the Russian Federation and the sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal were installed on March 20, 1992.

The first to be awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation was the head of the Lipetsk center for combat training of flight personnel, Major General of Aviation Sulambek Susarkulovich Oskanov (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 384 of April 11, 1992 - awarded posthumously). When performing a flight mission on February 7, 1992 on a MiG-29 aircraft, equipment failed, and General Oskanov, at the cost of his life, prevented the aircraft from falling on locality. The widow of S. S. Oskanov was awarded the Gold Star medal No. 2, because they decided that Hero of Russia No. 1 had to be alive.

The Gold Star medal No. 1 was awarded to cosmonaut Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalev for a long-term space flight on the Mir orbital station. The title of Hero of the Russian Federation was awarded to him by decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the same day (April 11, 1992), but by a later decree (No. 387).

Sergei Alexandrovich Solnechnikov Hero of the Russian Federation (2012). Russian officer, major of the communications troops, who at the cost of his life saved his subordinate soldiers during the explosion of a combat grenade.

On March 28, 2012, during the exercises of a conscript soldier, 19-year-old private Maxim Zhuravlev, from a standing position, unsuccessfully threw an RGD-5 grenade. The ammunition hit the edge of the front parapet that protected the firing position, ricocheted and flew off into the zone of destruction of colleagues. The major instantly realized what had happened, pushed the confused soldier away and covered the grenade with himself. An hour and a half later, the major died on the operating table from injuries incompatible with life.

On April 2, 2012, S. A. Solnechnikov was buried with military honors at the city cemetery in the city of Volzhsky, Volgograd Region. On April 2, 2012, the Duma of Blagoveshchensk decided to name one of the streets of the new quarter of the city after Sergei Solnechnikov. On April 24, 2012, a memorial stele to Major Sergei Solnechnikov was unveiled in Belogorsk. May 7, 2012 in Belogorsk on the Walk of Fame, a plate with a star was installed in memory of the Hero of Russia, Major Sergei Solnechnikov.

Major Sergei Solnechnikov accomplished his feat exactly ten years after the same feat of the Hero of Russia, Sergeant S. A. Burnaev. On March 28, 2002, during a special operation in the city of Argun in the Chechen Republic, Sergei Burnaev covered a grenade thrown by militants with his body and died in the same way, protecting his comrades.

Andrey Alekseevich Turkin (October 21, 1975, Orsk, USSR - September 3, 2004, Beslan, North Ossetia - Alania, Russia) - officer of Directorate "B" ("Vympel") of the Special Purpose Center Federal Service security of the Russian Federation, a lieutenant who died during the release of hostages during the terrorist attack in Beslan. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation (medal No. 830). Together with the Vympel group, Andrei Turkin arrived in the city of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, where on September 1, 2004, a group of 32 terrorists captured over a thousand children and adults in the building of school No. 1

After explosions occurred on the third day in the gym where most of the hostages were held, causing a partial collapse of the roof and walls of the gym, the survivors began to scatter. Andrei's assault group received an order to storm the building, as the militants opened fierce fire on the hostages. Even at the beginning of the assault, Turkin was wounded when, as part of his unit, under heavy fire from militants, he burst into the school building, but did not leave the battle.

Covering the rescue of the hostages with fire, Lieutenant Turkin personally destroyed one terrorist in the canteen, where the militants had transferred many of the hostages who survived after the explosions in the gym. When another bandit threw a grenade into the crowd, Andrey Turkin covered them with his body, saving the hostages at the cost of his own life.

In the Krasnodar Territory, in the village of Dinskaya, MBOU secondary school No. 1 bears his name. In the city of Krasnodar, on the building of the Academy of Marketing and Social Information Technologies (IMSIT), where Andrey Turkin studied, a memorial plaque was erected in memory of the Hero's feat. He was buried at the Nikolo-Arkhangelsk cemetery in Moscow. In the homeland of the Hero in the city of Orsk, a bust of the Hero of Russia was installed in the Square of Heroes on the Walk of Fame. The name of the Hero of the Russian Federation Lieutenant Andrey Turkin was given to the cadet class of the Orsk cadet school No. 53.

On November 25, 2015, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree “On awarding state awards Russian Federation military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation "participating in military operations in Syria.

Among them is Oleg Peshkov from Lippi, the deceased pilot of the Su-24 bomber shot down in Syria on November 24, 2015. For heroism, courage and courage shown in the performance of military duty, Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Anatolievich Peshkov was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation (posthumously)

1 The surviving navigator of the Russian bomber, Captain Konstantin Murakhtin, was awarded the Order of Courage. Lipchanin Konstantin Murakhtin in 2014 was a navigator in the crew of Stanislav Gasanov at the Aviadarts-2014 competition. This crew became the best in the Frontline Bomber Aviation nomination. Captain Murakhtin is 39 years old, lives in Lipetsk, in 1998 he graduated from the Chelyabinsk Red Banner Military Aviation Institute of Navigators.

Heroes are not born, heroes are made in the hour of trials. About exploits - they compose verses. About fame - songs are created. “Heroes never die, Heroes live in our memory!”

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Day of Heroes of the Fatherland Presentation for elementary school

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December 9 is the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland. On this day, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, holders of the Order of St. George and the Order of Glory are honored.

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Peter I
In pre-revolutionary Russia, there was no more honorable award for an officer than the white cross of the Order of St. George the Victorious. The idea to create such an award belongs to Peter 1. He intended to make such an award the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, established in 1725. But the tsar himself did not have time to honor anyone, and after his death both military and civil ranks complained of this order.

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Catherine II the Great
The idea of ​​Peter I was brought to life by Empress Catherine II. Paying tribute to the military glory of the Russian army and striving to strengthen its influence on the military, on November 26, 1769, it approved a new military order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George.

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This date was established in 2007 and timed to coincide with the events of the reign of Catherine II. The Empress in 1769 established the Order of St. George the Victorious.
This order was awarded to soldiers who showed valor, courage and courage.

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Saint George the Victorious
The military order bore the name of the saint not by chance. Saint George the Victorious is a Christian saint, great martyr, the most revered saint of this name. The cult of St. George, who professed Christianity and was put to death for this, came to Russia with the adoption of this religion by the Russian people. Prince Yaroslav the Wise was the first of the Russian princes to take the second church name George. In 1037, after the victory over the Pechenegs, he founded a monastery in Kyiv in honor of his patron.

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The symbol of the order - a rider sitting on a white horse, striking a dragon with a spear - personified the courage of a warrior capable of defending his land from enemies.
George the Victorious - one of the popular Christian saints

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The Imperial Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George is the highest military award of the Russian Empire.
"For Service and Courage"

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Catherine II honored herself with this award in honor of the establishment of the Order of St. George the Victorious

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The full name of the order is the Imperial Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George. This award could be received by one who “personally leading the army, will win over the enemy, who is in significant forces, a complete victory, the consequence of which will be his complete destruction”, or, “personally leading the army, will take the fortress.” The order was also awarded for capturing the enemy banner, capturing the commander-in-chief or corps commander of the enemy army and other outstanding feats.

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The order had 4 degrees of distinction.
Moreover, the award was made from the fourth degree, then the third was awarded, then the second, and, finally, the one who accomplished the fourth outstanding feat could be presented for awarding the Order of George of the first degree.

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The motto of the order: "For Service and Courage" The order consists of signs: a golden cross, a ribbon and a four-pointed star. The St. George ribbon of the Order of all degrees had alternating three black and two orange longitudinal stripes. Later, many military awards received an orange and black ribbon. The order was worn: I degree - a cross on a ribbon 10 cm wide over the right shoulder, a star on the left side of the chest. II degree - a cross on the neck on a ribbon 5 cm wide, a star on the left side of the chest. III degree - a cross on the neck on a ribbon 3.2 cm wide IV degree - a cross on the chest on a ribbon 2.2 cm wide

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Full cavaliers of the order, that is, having all four degrees, are four outstanding Russian commanders: Prince, Field Marshal M. I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov-Smolensky; Prince, Field Marshal M. B. Barclay de Tolly; Count, Field Marshal I. F. Paskevich-Erivan Prince of Warsaw; Count, Field Marshal I. I. Dibich-Zabalkansky.

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Full St. George Cavaliers
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov

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Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov First Full Commander of the Order of St. George
Russian commander, field marshal general, holy prince, hero Patriotic War 1812.

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Field Marshal General, His Serene Highness Prince Smolensky - was the first to be awarded all the degrees of the military Order of St. George. This illustrious Russian commander, all his life, his entire military path from ensign to field marshal, went along with the Russian army. The troops under his command took part in all the wars waged by Russia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was born on September 5, 1745 in St. Petersburg. In 1757 he was assigned to an engineering and artillery school, and on January 1, 1761 he was promoted to ensign.
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745 - 1813)

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Kutuzov received his first St. George Cross of the fourth degree, being a battalion commander, for exceptional courage during the battles near the village of Shumy near Alushta during the Russian-Turkish war of 1768 - 1774. With a banner in his hands, he personally led the battalion to attack the Turks. During this battle, Kutuzov was seriously wounded in the head, after which he lost an eye. The victory of the Russian army near Izmail on December 1, 1790 predetermined the outcome of the Russian-Turkish war of 1778-1791. M.I. also played a significant role in its achievement. Kutuzov, who commanded one of the columns that stormed the Kiliya Gates. For Ishmael, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the third degree.

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In the same war, in the battle near Machin on June 28, 1791, Kutuzov's troops, with a blow to the right flank of the enemy, largely contributed to the decisive victory over the Supreme Vizier Yusuf Pasha. For the victory at Machin, Kutuzov was awarded the Order of St. George of the second degree. In August 1812, Mikhail Illarionovich led the Russian army, which defeated Napoleon. In honor of the great victory, Alexander I awarded the field marshal with the Order of St. George of the first degree. With the receipt of this highest award, Kutuzov became a full holder of all four degrees of the Order of St. George.

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Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly Full Knight of the Order of St. George
An outstanding Russian commander, field marshal general, minister of war, prince, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.

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Field Marshal General, Prince. He was a member of the Russian-Turkish 1787 - 1791. and Russian-Swedish 1788 1790. wars. In the war with France 1806-1807. and the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809. commanded a division and a corps. In 1810 - 1812. - Minister of War of Russia. During the Patriotic War of 1812, he led the 1st Western Army. In the battle of Borodino, he commanded the right wing and the center of the Russian troops, and in foreign campaigns in 1813-1814. led the combined Russian-Prussian army. He successfully led it in the battles of Thorn, Kulm and Leipzig. M.B. Barclay de Tolly was born December 16, 1761.
Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly (1761 - 1818)

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His childhood years were spent in St. Petersburg. He began his service at the age of 14 in the Pskov Carabinieri Regiment. At the age of 16 he received his first officer rank, and soon he was appointed adjutant to Lieutenant General Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg. After a few years of his successful military career, Barclay de Tolly was assigned to the newly formed St. Petersburg Grenadier Regiment, with whom he went to Poland. He participated in numerous battles. For distinction in the war with the Polish confederates he was awarded the Order of St. George of the fourth degree.

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In September 1806, large-scale operations of the armies of the 4th anti-French coalition against Napoleonic France. In November 1806, Russia entered the war. The first major battle of the Russian and French troops took place near Pultusk on December 14, 1806. Largely thanks to the skillful actions of the then Major General Barclay de Tolly, who commanded the advance detachment, the Russian troops not only managed to hold back the onslaught of the French regiments of Marshal Lannes, but also inflicted significant damage to them. For courage and distinction shown in the battle of Pultusk, Mikhail Bogdanovich was awarded the Order of St. George of the third degree.

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Subsequently, during the Patriotic War of 1812, Barclay de Tolly was awarded the Order of St. George of the second degree for the skillful leadership of the troops in the Battle of Borodino and the displayed courage. In foreign campaigns 1813 - 1814. Barclay de Tolly led the combined Russian-Prussian army. Under his command, 64 French troops were defeated in the battle of Kulm (August 18, 1813), for which he was awarded the Order of St. George of the first degree.

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Full St. George Cavaliers
Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich
Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky

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Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich (1782 -1856)
Field Marshal General, Count of Erivan, His Serene Highness Prince of Warsaw. Born on May 19, 1782, at the age of 12 he was appointed to the Corps of Pages, and in October 1800, among the first graduates, he was sent as a lieutenant to the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. Paskevich made his first military campaign in 1805, but he received real combat training during the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812. He went from captain to major general in five years. Paskevich was a participant in many battles of this war, and in 1810, for capturing enemy batteries at Cape Galotburg during the siege of the fortress of Varna, he earned his first Order of St. George of the fourth degree.

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18 days later, in the same place, the Vitebsk regiment, commanded by Colonel Paskevich, repelled the attacks of the Turkish army throughout the day. The fierce battle ended in a complete victory for the Russians, who not only fought on the defensive with a numerically superior enemy, but also counterattacked themselves. This feat became widely known in the army, and the young commander of the Vitebsk regiment was awarded the Order of St. George of the third degree. Russo-Persian War 1826-1828 Paskevich met in the Caucasus, where he replaced General Yermolov as commander of the Separate Corps. In the war with the Persians, he acted decisively. During the campaign of 1827, Paskevich occupied Nakhichevan, the fortress of Abbas-Abad, which was of great strategic importance, and in October, the fortress of Erivan. The rescript of Nicholas I said: “For the excellent courage, firmness and art shown by Adjutant General Paskevich during the conquest of Sardar Abbad and the important conquest of the famous fortress of Erivan in Asia, welcome the Order of St. George the Victorious 2nd degree of the big cross.” With the capture of Erivan, the Russian-Persian war actually ended. In 1828 peace was signed in Turkmanchay.

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In June 1829, in a field battle, Paskevich utterly defeated the Turkish army under the command of Gakki Pasha. During the two-day battles near the village of Kainly, the Sultan's army ceased to exist. Then, having made a march of more than 100 km in three days, on July 5, the Russian corps occupied the Gasean-Kale fortress, and four days later the Russian soldiers entered rich Erzurum, the control center of Asian Turkey. For Erzurum, Infantry General Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich was awarded the Order of St. George of the first degree and became the third full holder of the highest military award of the empire.

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Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky (1785 - 1831)
Field Marshal General, Count, participant in the wars with France 1805 - 1807. and the Patriotic War of 1812. During the foreign campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814. - quartermaster of the corps, quartermaster general of the army and allied Russian-Prussian troops. From 1815 - Chief of Staff of the 1st Army, from 1823 - Chief of the General Staff. In the Russian-Turkish war of 1828 - 1829. - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.

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Ivan Ivanovich Dibich was born on May 2, 1785 in the Grosleine estate in the family of a colonel in the Prussian army. His true name is Johann Karl Friedrich Anton. In the Russian manner, they began to call him from 1801, when the father of Johann, at one time the adjutant of Frederick the Great, was invited to St. Petersburg by Paul I. Russia became the true Fatherland for the young Dibich, in whose service he entered decisively and irrevocably. The seventeen-year-old ensign studied Russian intensively and studied military service. The first serious combat test was for Dibich Austerlitz (November 20, 1805). Wounded in his right hand, he intercepted the blade with his left, and did not leave the battlefield until the end of the battle. He was awarded a sword with the inscription "For Bravery". He also distinguished himself at Preussisch-Eylau (January 26 - 27, 1807).

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In 1807, Dibich took part in the battles of Gaustatt, Geislsberg and Friedland. For his "personal courage and diligence" in the last battle, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the fourth degree. Dibich met the Patriotic War of 1812 in the rank of colonel at the post of chief quartermaster of the corps of Count P.Kh. Wittgenstein. For the qualities shown in the battles of Klyastitsy, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the third degree.

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December 9 is the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland

On this day, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, holders of the Order of St. George and the Order of Glory are honored.

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This date was established in 2007 and timed to coincide with the events of the reign of Catherine II. The Empress in 1769 established the Order of St. George the Victorious. This order was awarded to soldiers who showed valor, courage and courage.

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George the Victorious

• The symbol of the order - a rider sitting on a white horse, striking a dragon with a spear - personified the courage of a warrior capable of defending his land from enemies.
• George the Victorious is one of the most popular Christian saints.