Download presentation heroes of the fatherland for elementary school. Class hour and presentation for elementary grades "Heroes of the Fatherland Day". to the events of the reign of Catherine II

02.08.2020

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The State Duma in 2007 established a new memorable date - the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland, which is celebrated on December 9 "Russians marked with the honorary title of heroes deserve to have their own holiday"

Alexander Nevsky (1221-1263) Great Russian commander. He secured the western borders of Russia. Famous battles: 1240 - Battle of the Neva; 1242 - Battle on the Ice. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Dmitry Donskoy 1359-1389 Prince of Moscow and Vladimir, built a new stone Kremlin in Moscow. Openly entered into single combat with the Horde rulers 1378 - battle on the Vozha River 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo

K. Minin and D. Pozharsky “A kind monument was erected to the Two Heroes by the whole country As a sign that the native land was delivered from misfortune” Liberation from the Polish-Swedish intervention XVII century

A.V. Suvorov (1730 - 1800) “A good name belongs to every honest person; but I concluded my good name in the glory of my Fatherland and attributed all successes to its prosperity "

G.K. Zhukov 1896-1974 Suvorov and Kutuzov kept Russia, And with them stood in one Immortal row Four times Hero Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov - Marshal and soldier

Battle of the Neva 1240 The battle took place at the mouth of the Izhora River on July 15, 1240 over a Swedish detachment, which, according to legend, was commanded by the future ruler of Sweden, Jarl Birger. The battle of 1240 prevented the loss of the shores of the Gulf of Finland by Russia, stopped the Swedish aggression on the Novgorod-Pskov lands

Battle on the Ice 1242 April 5, 1242 the battle on Lake Peipsi with the knights of the Livonian Order The victory of A. Nevsky ensured the security of the western borders of Russia for a long time

Qualities of A. Nevsky Sincere faith, a sense of the land as the highest value, deep patriotism Caring for the well-being of his subjects, pride, love of freedom, caution Personal courage, self-control, fortitude, seething energy, perseverance

The Russian army goes to Lake Peipus Monument to the squads of A. Nevsky

Perpetuating the memory of A. Nevsky Peter I in 1724 founded the monastery of Alexander Nevsky Lavra August 30 – A. Nevsky Memorial Day Catherine II established the Order of A. Nevsky I. Stalin established the Soviet Order of A. Nevsky Artist P. Korin - portrait Director S. Eisenstein - movie

Holy Reverend A. Nevsky

Icon of St. A. Nevsky

“Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword!” Alexander, Prince of Novgorod, Vladimir, a skilled commander and diplomat "His name has become a symbol of military prowess. He is ... a worthy son of his restless age"

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Day of Heroes of the Fatherland Presentation for elementary school

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December 9 is the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland. On this day, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes Russian Federation, Knights of the Order of St. George and the Order of Glory.

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Peter I
In pre-revolutionary Russia, there was no more honorable award for an officer than the white cross of the Order of St. George the Victorious. The idea to create such an award belongs to Peter 1. He intended to make such an award the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, established in 1725. But the tsar himself did not have time to honor anyone, and after his death both military and civil ranks complained of this order.

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Catherine II the Great
The idea of Peter I was brought to life by Empress Catherine II. Paying tribute to the military glory of the Russian army and striving to strengthen its influence on the military, on November 26, 1769, it approved a new military order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George.

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This date was established in 2007 and timed to coincide with the events of the reign of Catherine II. The Empress in 1769 established the Order of St. George the Victorious.
This order was awarded to soldiers who showed valor, courage and courage.

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Saint George the Victorious
The military order bore the name of the saint not by chance. Saint George the Victorious is a Christian saint, great martyr, the most revered saint of this name. The cult of St. George, who professed Christianity and was put to death for this, came to Russia with the adoption of this religion by the Russian people. Prince Yaroslav the Wise was the first of the Russian princes to take the second church name George. In 1037, after the victory over the Pechenegs, he founded a monastery in Kyiv in honor of his patron.

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The symbol of the order - a rider sitting on a white horse, striking a dragon with a spear - personified the courage of a warrior capable of defending his land from enemies.
George the Victorious - one of the popular Christian saints

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The Imperial Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George is the highest military award of the Russian Empire.
"For Service and Courage"

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Catherine II honored herself with this award in honor of the establishment of the Order of St. George the Victorious

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The full name of the order is the Imperial Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George. This award could be received by one who “personally leading the army, will win over the enemy, who is in significant forces, a complete victory, the consequence of which will be his complete destruction”, or, “personally leading the army, will take the fortress.” The order was also awarded for capturing an enemy banner, capturing the commander-in-chief or corps commander of an enemy army, and other outstanding feats.

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The order had 4 degrees of distinction.
Moreover, the award was made from the fourth degree, then the third was awarded, then the second, and, finally, the one who accomplished the fourth outstanding feat could be presented for awarding the Order of George of the first degree.

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The motto of the order: "For Service and Courage" The order consists of signs: a golden cross, a ribbon and a four-pointed star. The St. George ribbon of the Order of all degrees had alternating three black and two orange longitudinal stripes. Later, many military awards received an orange and black ribbon. The order was worn: I degree - a cross on a ribbon 10 cm wide over the right shoulder, a star on the left side of the chest. II degree - a cross on the neck on a ribbon 5 cm wide, a star on the left side of the chest. III degree - a cross on the neck on a ribbon 3.2 cm wide IV degree - a cross on the chest on a ribbon 2.2 cm wide

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Full cavaliers of the order, that is, having all four degrees, are four outstanding Russian commanders: Prince, Field Marshal M. I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov-Smolensky; Prince, Field Marshal M. B. Barclay de Tolly; Count, Field Marshal I. F. Paskevich-Erivan Prince of Warsaw; Count, Field Marshal I. I. Dibich-Zabalkansky.

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Full St. George Cavaliers
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov

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Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov First Full Commander of the Order of St. George
Russian commander, Field Marshal General, His Holiness Prince, Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.

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Field Marshal General, His Serene Highness Prince Smolensky - was the first to be awarded all the degrees of the military Order of St. George. This illustrious Russian commander, all his life, his entire military path from ensign to field marshal, went along with the Russian army. The troops under his command took part in all the wars waged by Russia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was born on September 5, 1745 in St. Petersburg. In 1757 he was assigned to an engineering and artillery school, and on January 1, 1761 he was promoted to ensign.
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745 - 1813)

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Kutuzov received his first St. George Cross of the fourth degree, being a battalion commander, for exceptional courage during the battles near the village of Shumy near Alushta during the Russian-Turkish war of 1768 - 1774. With a banner in his hands, he personally led the battalion to attack the Turks. During this battle, Kutuzov was seriously wounded in the head, after which he lost an eye. The victory of the Russian army near Izmail on December 1, 1790 predetermined the outcome of the Russian-Turkish war of 1778-1791. M.I. also played a significant role in its achievement. Kutuzov, who commanded one of the columns that stormed the Kiliya Gates. For Ishmael, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the third degree.

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In the same war, in the battle near Machin on June 28, 1791, Kutuzov's troops, with a blow to the right flank of the enemy, largely contributed to the decisive victory over the Supreme Vizier Yusuf Pasha. For the victory at Machin, Kutuzov was awarded the Order of St. George of the second degree. In August 1812, Mikhail Illarionovich led the Russian army, which defeated Napoleon. In honor of the great victory, Alexander I awarded the field marshal with the Order of St. George of the first degree. With the receipt of this highest award, Kutuzov became a full holder of all four degrees of the Order of St. George.

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Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly Full Knight of the Order of St. George
An outstanding Russian commander, field marshal general, minister of war, prince, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.

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Field Marshal General, Prince. He was a member of the Russian-Turkish 1787 - 1791. and Russian-Swedish 1788 1790. wars. In the war with France 1806-1807. and the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809. commanded a division and a corps. In 1810 - 1812. - Minister of War of Russia. During the Patriotic War of 1812, he led the 1st Western Army. In the battle of Borodino, he commanded the right wing and the center of the Russian troops, and in foreign campaigns in 1813-1814. led the combined Russian-Prussian army. He successfully led it in the battles of Thorn, Kulm and Leipzig. M.B. Barclay de Tolly was born December 16, 1761.
Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly (1761 - 1818)

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His childhood years were spent in St. Petersburg. He began his service at the age of 14 in the Pskov Carabinieri Regiment. At the age of 16 he received his first officer rank, and soon he was appointed adjutant to Lieutenant General Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg. After a few years of his successful military career, Barclay de Tolly was assigned to the newly formed St. Petersburg Grenadier Regiment, with whom he went to Poland. He participated in numerous battles. For distinction in the war with the Polish confederates he was awarded the Order of St. George of the fourth degree.

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In September 1806, large-scale operations of the armies of the 4th anti-French coalition against Napoleonic France. In November 1806, Russia entered the war. The first major battle of the Russian and French troops took place near Pultusk on December 14, 1806. Largely thanks to the skillful actions of the then Major General Barclay de Tolly, who commanded the advance detachment, the Russian troops not only managed to hold back the onslaught of the French regiments of Marshal Lannes, but also inflicted significant damage to them. For courage and distinction shown in the battle of Pultusk, Mikhail Bogdanovich was awarded the Order of St. George of the third degree.

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Subsequently, during the Patriotic War of 1812, Barclay de Tolly was awarded the Order of St. George of the second degree for the skillful leadership of the troops in the Battle of Borodino and the displayed courage. In foreign campaigns 1813 - 1814. Barclay de Tolly led the combined Russian-Prussian army. Under his command, 64 French troops were defeated in the battle of Kulm (August 18, 1813), for which he was awarded the Order of St. George of the first degree.

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Full St. George Cavaliers
Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich
Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky

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Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich (1782 -1856)
Field Marshal General, Count of Erivan, His Serene Highness Prince of Warsaw. Born on May 19, 1782, at the age of 12 he was appointed to the Corps of Pages, and in October 1800, among the first graduates, he was sent as a lieutenant to the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. Paskevich made his first military campaign in 1805, but he received real combat training during the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812. He went from captain to major general in five years. Paskevich was a participant in many battles of this war, and in 1810, for capturing enemy batteries at Cape Galotburg during the siege of the fortress of Varna, he earned his first Order of St. George of the fourth degree.

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18 days later, in the same place, the Vitebsk regiment, commanded by Colonel Paskevich, repelled the attacks of the Turkish army throughout the day. The fierce battle ended in a complete victory for the Russians, who not only fought on the defensive with a numerically superior enemy, but also counterattacked themselves. This feat became widely known in the army, and the young commander of the Vitebsk regiment was awarded the Order of St. George of the third degree. Russo-Persian War 1826-1828 Paskevich met in the Caucasus, where he replaced General Yermolov as commander of the Separate Corps. In the war with the Persians, he acted decisively. During the campaign of 1827, Paskevich occupied Nakhichevan, the fortress of Abbas-Abad, which was of great strategic importance, and in October, the fortress of Erivan. The rescript of Nicholas I said: “For the excellent courage, firmness and art shown by Adjutant General Paskevich during the conquest of Sardar Abbad and the important conquest of the famous fortress of Erivan in Asia, welcome the Order of St. George the Victorious 2nd degree of the big cross.” With the capture of Erivan, the Russian-Persian war actually ended. In 1828 peace was signed in Turkmanchai.

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In June 1829, in a field battle, Paskevich utterly defeated the Turkish army under the command of Gakki Pasha. During the two-day battles near the village of Kainly, the Sultan's army ceased to exist. Then, having made a march of more than 100 km in three days, on July 5 the Russian corps occupied the Gasean-Kale fortress, and four days later the Russian soldiers entered rich Erzurum, the control center of Asian Turkey. For Erzurum, Infantry General Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich was awarded the Order of St. George of the first degree and became the third full holder of the highest military award of the empire.

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Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky (1785 - 1831)
Field Marshal General, Count, participant in the wars with France 1805 - 1807. and the Patriotic War of 1812. During the foreign campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814. - quartermaster of the corps, quartermaster general of the army and allied Russian-Prussian troops. From 1815 - Chief of Staff of the 1st Army, from 1823 - Chief of the General Staff. In the Russian-Turkish war of 1828 - 1829. - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.

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Ivan Ivanovich Dibich was born on May 2, 1785 in the Grosleine estate in the family of a colonel in the Prussian army. His true name is Johann Karl Friedrich Anton. In the Russian manner, they began to call him from 1801, when the father of Johann, at one time the adjutant of Frederick the Great, was invited to St. Petersburg by Paul I. Russia became the true Fatherland for the young Dibich, in whose service he entered decisively and irrevocably. The seventeen-year-old ensign studied Russian intensively and studied military service. The first serious combat test was for Dibich Austerlitz (November 20, 1805). Wounded in his right hand, he intercepted the blade with his left, and did not leave the battlefield until the end of the battle. He was awarded a sword with the inscription "For Bravery". He also distinguished himself at Preussisch-Eylau (January 26 - 27, 1807).

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In 1807, Dibich took part in the battles of Gaustatt, Geislsberg and Friedland. For his "personal courage and diligence" in the last battle, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the fourth degree. Dibich met the Patriotic War of 1812 in the rank of colonel at the post of chief quartermaster of the corps of Count P.Kh. Wittgenstein. For the qualities shown in the battles of Klyastitsy, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the third degree.

Purpose: Expanding students' knowledge about the heroic pages of the history of our Fatherland. Raising patriotism, citizenship, a sense of pride and respect for the historical past of the Motherland.

Introduction December 9 is an official holiday in Russia, which is called the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland. This memorable date was established in 2007 by decision of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Decision by majority of deputies State Duma on the creation of a personal holiday for all the heroes of Russia was adopted unanimously. On this day, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, full cavaliers of the Order of Glory and cavaliers of the Order of St. George are honored.

"Russians, marked with the honorary title of heroes, deserve to have their own holiday". The date of December 9 for the celebration of the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland was not chosen by chance. According to the old style, until 1917, December 9 was the date of the holiday dedicated to honoring the merits of the Knights of St. George.

Peter I In pre-revolutionary Russia there was no more honorable award for an officer than the white cross of the Order of St. George the Victorious. The idea to create such an award belongs to Peter 1. He intended to make such an award the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, established in 1725. But the tsar himself did not have time to honor anyone, and after his death both military and civil ranks complained of this order.

Catherine II the Great The idea of Peter I was brought to life by Empress Catherine II. Paying tribute to the military glory of the Russian army and striving to strengthen its influence on the military, on November 26, 1769, it approved a new military order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George.

St. George the Victorious The military order bore the name of the saint not by chance. Saint George the Victorious is a Christian saint, great martyr, the most revered saint of this name. The cult of St. George, who professed Christianity and was put to death for this, came to Russia with the adoption of this religion by the Russian people. Prince Yaroslav the Wise was the first of the Russian princes to take the second church name George. In 1037, after the victory over the Pechenegs, he founded a monastery in Kyiv in honor of his patron.

The Imperial Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George is the highest military award of the Russian Empire. "For Service and Courage".

The Order of St. George had four degrees of distinction. Moreover, the award was made from the fourth degree, then the third was awarded, then the second, and, finally, the one who accomplished the fourth outstanding feat could be presented for awarding the Order of George of the first degree. The motto of the order is "For Service and Courage". The St. George ribbon of the Order of all degrees had alternating three black and two orange longitudinal stripes. Later, many military awards received an orange and black ribbon.

Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly

Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky

Field Marshal General, Prince. He was a member of the Russian-Turkish 1787 - 1791. and Russian-Swedish 1788 1790. wars. In the war with France 1806-1807. and the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809. commanded a division and a corps. In 1810 - 1812. - Minister of War of Russia. During the Patriotic War of 1812, he led the 1st Western Army. In the battle of Borodino, he commanded the right wing and the center of the Russian troops, and in foreign campaigns in 1813-1814. led the combined Russian-Prussian army. He successfully led it in the battles of Thorn, Kulm and Leipzig. M.B. Barclay de Tolly was born on December 16, 1761 Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly (1761 - 1818)

In September 1806, large-scale actions of the armies of the 4th anti-French coalition against Napoleonic France began. In November 1806, Russia entered the war. The first major battle of the Russian and French troops took place near Pultusk on December 14, 1806. Largely thanks to the skillful actions of the then Major General Barclay de Tolly, who commanded the advance detachment, the Russian troops not only managed to hold back the onslaught of the French regiments of Marshal Lannes, but also inflicted significant damage to them. For courage and distinction shown in the battle of Pultusk, Mikhail Bogdanovich was awarded the Order of St. George of the third degree.

Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich (1782 -1856) Field Marshal, Count of Erivan, His Serene Highness Prince of Warsaw. Born on May 19, 1782, at the age of 12 he was appointed to the Corps of Pages, and in October 1800, among the first graduates, he was sent as a lieutenant to the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. Paskevich made his first military campaign in 1805, but he received real combat training during the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812. He went from captain to major general in five years. Paskevich was a participant in many battles of this war, and in 1810, for capturing enemy batteries at Cape Galotburg during the siege of the fortress of Varna, he earned his first Order of St. George of the fourth degree.

Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky (1785 - 1831) Field Marshal General, Count, participant in the wars with France 1805 - 1807. and the Patriotic War of 1812. During the foreign campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814. - quartermaster of the corps, quartermaster general of the army and allied Russian-Prussian troops. From 1815 - Chief of Staff of the 1st Army, from 1823 - Chief of the General Staff. In the Russian-Turkish war of 1828 - 1829. - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1828 - 1829. Ivan Ivanovich led the Russian troops in the Balkans. For the organization of the siege and the capture of Varna, he was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. For the battle at Kulevcha, where Dibich defeated the 40,000th army of Rashid Pasha, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the second degree. At the end of the war, for the victory in which Dibich did a lot, he was granted an honorary addition to his surname - Zabalkansky. He was awarded the field marshal's baton and the Order of St. George, first degree.

The Day of Heroes of the Fatherland is included in the law "On the Days of Military Glory and Commemorative Dates of Russia".

The status of the highest military award of the Russian Federation was returned to the Order of St. George in 2000. The Day of Heroes of the Fatherland is included in the law "On the Days of Military Glory and Commemorative Dates of Russia". The bill, adopted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation, proposes to honor on December 9 the heroes of the Russian Federation, the heroes of the Soviet Union, holders of the Order of St. George and the Order of Glory.

Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union Star of the Hero of the Russian Federation Order of Glory Order of St. George

Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky Sergey Pavlovich Avdeev Major General I. E. Tikhotsky Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov-Crimean Supreme Ruler of Russia and Supreme Commander of the Russian Army Admiral A. V. Kolchak

Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Senior General N. N. Yudenich Platon Ivanovich Kablukov (1779 - 1835) - lieutenant general, participant in the war of 1812.

A.V. Suvorov. The great commander in 1771 received the Order of St. George of the 3rd degree, adding to it later the 2nd and 1st. Suvorov's aphorisms contain advice that the generation of the 21st century should also live by: "From a young age, learn to forgive the actions of your neighbor and never forgive your own" "No matter how bad it is, never despair, hold on while you have strength."

class presentation, dedicated to the Day Heroes of the Fatherland. The presentation addresses the following questions: who is a hero, the history of the holiday Heroes of the Fatherland Day, the heroes of the past and present. Presentation for students in grades 5-9.

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Day of Heroes of the Fatherland Completed by: Shadrina N.N. MAOU secondary school №67, Yekaterinburg

December 9 - Day of the Heroes of the Fatherland December 9 According to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. federal law“On the days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia”, an addition was made that “The following memorable dates for Russia are established in the Russian Federation: December 9 - Heroes of the Fatherland Day

Who are the heroes? A hero is a person who has committed or is performing noble deeds associated with a risk to his life. “Are there heroes in today's Russia?” Heroes exist wherever there is a person.

History of the holiday In 2007, the holiday of the Heroes of the Fatherland was only restored.

On December 9, 1769, Empress Catherine II approved a new state award. She became the Order of St. George the Victorious. This order was awarded only to people who showed exceptional courage and valor on the battle fronts. December 9, 1917 in Russia began to celebrate the feast of the Knights of St. George. However, after the Great October Revolution, this celebration was removed altogether.

Heroes of the Fatherland: past and present Heroes of the Fatherland are our countrymen. However, not every Russian can be honored to receive this prestigious award today. The most frequent "winners" of this holiday are senior and junior officers. On December 9, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, holders of the Order of St. George and the Order of Glory are honored.

M.I. Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov (from 1812 His Serene Highness Prince Golenishchev-Kutuzov-Smolensky; 1747-1813) - Russian commander, field marshal general from the Golenishchev-Kutuzov family, commander-in-chief of the Russian army during the Patriotic War of 1812. The first full knight of the Order of St. George.

G.K. Zhukov ZHUKOV GEORGE KONSTANTINOVICH (1896-1974) - Four times Hero of the Soviet Union, holder of two Orders of Victory, many other Soviet and foreign orders and medals. G.K. Zhukov remained in history as one of the main creators of the Victory in the Great Patriotic war.

In the Great Patriotic War, cities became heroes In the Great Patriotic War, not only people, but also cities became heroes Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) - from May 1, 1945 Stalingrad (now Volgograd) - from May 1, 1945 Sevastopol - from May 1, 1945 Odessa - from May 1, 1945 Kiev - from May 8, 1965 Moscow - from May 8, 1965 Brest Fortress (Hero-Fortress) - from May 8, 1965 Novorossiysk - from September 14, 1973 Kerch - from September 14, 1973 Minsk - from June 26, 1974 Tula - from December 7, 1976 Murmansk - from May 6, 1985 Smolensk - from May 6, 1985

Heroes of our time Hero of the Russian Federation - state award Russian Federation - the highest title awarded for services to the state and the people associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed. The Hero of the Russian Federation is awarded a badge of special distinction - the Gold Star medal. The title was established on March 20, 1992 and put into effect on the same day in accordance with the decision of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation. The title of Hero of the Russian Federation is awarded once by the President of the Russian Federation.