Dear comrades, surely many of you have visited naval saloons, climbed the uncomfortable trembling gangways to the decks of huge ships. We wandered around the upper deck, examining the missile launchers, sprawling radar branches and other fantastic systems.
Even such simple things as the thickness of the anchor chain (each link is about a pood weight) or the radius of sweeping over the trunks of naval artillery (the size of a larger summer cottage "six acres") can cause sincere shock and bewilderment in an unprepared layman.
The dimensions of ship mechanisms are simply Huge. Such things are not found in ordinary life - we learn about the existence of these cyclopean objects only during a visit to the ship on the next Navy Day (Victory Day, during the days of the St. Petersburg International Naval Salon, etc.).
Indeed, from the point of view of a single person, small or large ships do not exist. Marine equipment is striking in its dimensions - standing on the pier next to a moored corvette, a person looks like a grain of sand against the backdrop of a huge rock. A "tiny" 2500-ton corvette looks like a cruiser, and a "real" cruiser is generally paranormal in size and looks like a floating city.
The reason for this paradox is obvious:
An ordinary four-axle railway wagon (gondola car), loaded to the brim with iron ore, has a mass of about 90 tons. Very bulky and heavy piece.
In the case of the 11,000-ton missile cruiser Moskva, we have only 11,000 tons of metal structures, cables and fuel. The equivalent is 120 railway wagons with ore, densely concentrated in a single array.
Anchor of the submarine missile carrier pr. 941 "Shark"
How does water hold THIS?! The conning tower of the battleship New Jersey
But the cruiser "Moskva" is not the limit yet - the American aircraft carrier "Nimitz" has a total displacement of more than 100 thousand tons. Truly great is Archimedes, whose immortal law keeps these giants afloat!
Big difference
Unlike surface ships and vessels that can be seen in any port, the submarine component of the fleet has an increased degree of stealth. difficult to see even when entering the base - largely due to the special status of the modern submarine fleet.
Nuclear technologies, danger zone, state secret, objects of strategic importance; closed cities with a special passport regime. All this does not add popularity to the "steel coffins" and their glorious crews. Nuclear-powered boats quietly nest in the secluded coves of the Arctic or hide from prying eyes on the coast of distant Kamchatka. Nothing is heard about the existence of boats in peacetime. They are not suitable for naval parades and the notorious "flag display". The only thing these sleek black ships can do is kill.
Baby C-189 against the backdrop of "Mistral"
What does "Baton" or "Pike" look like? How big is the legendary "Shark"? Is it true that it does not fit in the ocean?
It is quite difficult to find out this question - there are no visual aids in this regard. Museum submarines K-21 (Severomorsk), S-189 (St. Petersburg) or S-56 (Vladivostok) are half a century old "diesels" of the Second World War and do not give any idea about the real size of modern submarines.
The reader will surely learn a lot of interesting things from the following illustration:
Comparative sizes of silhouettes of modern submarines on a single scale
The thickest "fish" is a heavy strategic missile submarine.
Below is an American Ohio-class SSBN.
Even lower is the underwater "aircraft carrier killer" of project 949A, the so-called. "Baton" (it was to this project that the deceased "Kursk" belonged).
A multi-purpose Russian nuclear submarine of project 971 (code ) lurked in the lower left corner.
And the smallest of the boats shown in the illustration is the modern German diesel-electric submarine Type 212.
Of course, the greatest interest of the public is associated with the "Shark" (it is also "Typhoon" according to NATO classification). The boat is really amazing: the length of the hull is 173 meters, the height from the bottom to the roof of the cabin is equal to a 9-storey building!
Surface displacement - 23,000 tons; underwater - 48,000 tons. The figures clearly indicate a colossal reserve of buoyancy - more than 20 thousand tons of water are pumped into the ballast tanks of the boat to submerge the Shark. As a result, the "Shark" received the funny nickname "water carrier" in the Navy.
For all the seeming irrationality of this decision (why does the submarine have such a large reserve of buoyancy ??), the “water carrier” has its own characteristics and even advantages: in the surface position, the draft of the monstrous monster is slightly larger than that of “ordinary” submarines - about 11 meters. This allows you to go to any base, without the risk of running aground, and use all the available infrastructure for servicing nuclear submarines.
In addition, a huge reserve of buoyancy turns the Shark into a powerful icebreaker. When blowing through the tanks, the boat, according to the law of Archimedes, “rushes” up with such force that even a 2-meter layer as strong as a stone will not stop it, arctic ice. Due to this circumstance, the "Sharks" could carry out combat duty in the highest latitudes, up to the regions of the North Pole.
But even in the surface position, the Shark surprises with its dimensions. How else? - the largest boat in world history!
You can admire the shark view for a long time:
"Shark" and one of the SSBNs of the 677 family
The boat is just huge, there is nothing more to add here
Modern SSBN project 955 "Borey" against the backdrop of a gigantic "fish"
The reason is simple: two submarines are hidden under a light streamlined hull: "Shark" is made according to the "catamaran" scheme with two durable hulls made of titanium alloys. 19 isolated compartments, duplicated by a power plant (each of the robust buildings has an independent nuclear steam generating plant OK-650 with a thermal power of 190 MW), as well as two pop-up rescue capsules designed for the entire crew ...
Needless to say - in terms of survivability, safety and ease of placement of personnel, this floating Hilton was out of competition.
Loading a 90-ton "kuzkina mother". In total, the boat's ammunition included 20 R-39 solid-propellant SLBMs
"Ohio"
No less surprising is the comparison of the American submarine missile carrier "Ohio" and the domestic TPKSN of the "Shark" project - it suddenly turns out that their dimensions are identical (length 171 meters, draft 11 meters) ... while the displacement differs significantly! How so?
There is no secret here - "Ohio" is almost twice as wide as the Soviet monster - 23 versus 13 meters. Nevertheless, it would be unfair to call the Ohio a small boat - 16,700 tons of steel structures and materials inspire respect. Underwater displacement "Ohio" is even greater - 18,700 tons.
Carrier killer
Another underwater monster, whose displacement surpassed the achievements of the Ohio (surface displacement - 14,700, underwater - 24,000 tons).
One of the most powerful and advanced boats of the Cold War. 24 supersonic cruise missiles with a launch weight of 7 tons; eight torpedo tubes; nine isolated compartments. The working depth range is more than 500 meters. Underwater speed over 30 knots.
In order to accelerate the “baton” to such speeds, a two-reactor power plant was used on the boat - uranium assemblies in two OK-650 reactors burn with terrible black fire day and night. The total energy output is 380 megawatts - enough to provide electricity to a city for 100,000 inhabitants.
"Baton" and "Shark"
Two "batons"
But how justified was the construction of such monsters to solve tactical problems? According to a popular legend, the cost of each of the 11 built boats reached half the cost of the aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov! At the same time, the "loaf" was focused on solving purely tactical tasks - the destruction of AUGs, convoys, disruption of enemy communications ...
Time has shown that multi-purpose nuclear submarines are the most effective for such operations, for example ...
« Pike-B"
A series of Soviet nuclear multi-purpose boats of the third generation. The most formidable underwater weapon before the advent of American nuclear submarines of the Seawolf type.
But, you do not think that "Pike-B" is so small and frail. Size is a relative value. Suffice it to say that the baby does not fit on the football field. The boat is huge. Surface displacement - 8100, underwater - 12,800 tons (on the latest modifications, it increased by another 1000 tons).
This time, the designers got by with one OK-650 reactor, one turbine, one shaft and one propeller. Excellent dynamics remained at the level of the 949th "loaf". A modern sonar system and a luxurious set of weapons appeared: deep-water and homing torpedoes, Granat cruise missiles (in the future - Caliber), Shkval rocket-torpedoes, Vodopad PLUR, thick torpedoes 65-76, mines ... at the same time , a huge ship is operated by a crew of only 73 people.
Why do I say "everything"? Just an example: to control the modern American boat-analogue of the "Pike" - an unsurpassed underwater killer type, a crew of 130 people is required! At the same time, the American, as usual, is saturated to the limit with radio electronics and automation systems, and its dimensions are 25% smaller (displacement - 6000/7000 tons).
By the way, an interesting question: why are American boats always smaller? Is it really all the fault of "Soviet microcircuits - the largest microcircuits in the world" ?! The answer will seem banal - American boats have a single-hull design and, as a result, a smaller margin of buoyancy. That is why the "Los Angeles" and "Virginia" have such a small difference in the values of surface and underwater displacement.
What is the difference between single hull and double hull boats? In the first case, ballast tanks are located inside a single strong hull. Such an arrangement takes up part of the internal volume and, in a certain sense, negatively affects the survivability of the submarine. And, of course, single-hull nuclear submarines have a much smaller margin of buoyancy. At the same time, it makes the boat smaller (as small as a modern nuclear submarine can be) and quieter.
Domestic boats, traditionally, are built according to a two-hull scheme. All ballast tanks and auxiliary deep-sea equipment (cables, antennas towed by the GAS) are moved outside the pressure hull. The rigid body stiffeners are also located on the outside, saving precious interior space. From above, all this is covered with a light "shell".
Advantages: the reserve of free space inside the rugged case, allowing the implementation of special layout solutions. More systems and weapons on board the boat, increased unsinkability and survivability (additional depreciation for close explosions, etc.).
Nuclear waste storage facility in Saida Bay (Kola Peninsula). Dozens of submarine reactor compartments are visible. The ugly "rings" are nothing more than the stiffening ribs of a durable case (the light case was previously removed)
This scheme also has disadvantages and there is no escape from them: large dimensions and area of wetted surfaces. A direct consequence is that the boat makes louder noise. And if there is a resonance between a durable and lightweight body ...
Do not flatter yourself when you hear about the “reserve of free space” indicated above. Inside the compartments of the Russian "Pike" it is still impossible to drive mopeds and play golf - the entire reserve was spent on installing numerous hermetic bulkheads. The number of habitable compartments on Russian boats usually ranges from 7 to 9 units. The maximum was achieved on the legendary "Sharks" - as many as 19 compartments, excluding sealed technological modules in the light body space.
For comparison, the robust hull of the American Los Angeles is divided by airtight bulkheads into only three compartments: central, reactor and turbine (of course, not counting the system of isolated decks). Americans traditionally bet on high quality the manufacture of hull structures, the reliability of equipment and qualified personnel in the composition of the crews of submarines.
A whopping big fish. American multi-purpose nuclear submarine of the "Sivulf" type
Another comparison on the same scale. It turns out that the "Shark" is not so big compared to nuclear aircraft carrier type "Nimitz" or TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" - the dimensions of aircraft carriers are completely paranormal. The victory of technology over common sense. Small fish on the left - diesel-electric submarine "Varshavyanka"
These are the key differences between schools of underwater shipbuilding on different sides of the ocean. And the submarines are still huge.
In the modern world, the submarine fleet is of great importance in ensuring the security of states. Especially if these are submarines carrying strategic nuclear weapons. It is they who hold back the major powers from an open military confrontation, which could be the last in the history of mankind. And the larger and more powerful the submarine, the more weapons it can carry and make longer autonomous voyages off the coast of a potential enemy.
Project 941 "Shark"
To date, the largest submarine in the world is the creation of Soviet shipbuilders, the Project 941 Akula nuclear-powered strategic missile cruiser. Its dimensions are colossal, the underwater displacement is 48 thousand tons. The length of the giant is 172 m, and the width is 23.3 m, the height of the warship is comparable to a 9-storey building. The submarine is driven by two water-cooled nuclear reactors with two steam turbines, located separately in robust hulls. The total capacity of the power plant is 100 thousand hp.
A powerful machine under water can reach speeds of up to 25 knots, on the surface - 12 knots. It can submerge almost half a kilometer, and the usual working depth is 380 m. The submarine is operated by a crew of 160 people and can be in autonomous navigation for four months. Moreover, to save the entire crew, a large underwater vehicle is equipped with a pop-up rescue capsule. Armament "Shark" consists of:
- a missile system of 20 ballistic missiles, each of which can carry 10 warheads of 100 kilotons with individual guidance (it was structurally possible to carry 24 missiles). The launch weight of the R-39 missiles is 90 tons, and the combat range is 8.3 thousand km. The entire missile ammunition load can be fired in one salvo both from the surface and from the underwater position in any weather conditions.
- 6 torpedo tubes for launching rocket-torpedoes and torpedoes of caliber 533 mm and installing minefields;
- 8 sets of MANPADS "Igla-1" for air defense;
- electronic weapons.
The big Sharks were born at the Sevmash plant; for this, the largest covered boathouse on the planet was built. Thanks to a strong cabin and a serious reserve of buoyancy, the submarine can break through thick ice (up to 2.5 m), which allows it to carry out combat duty even at the North Pole.
Quite a lot of boat space is allocated to ensure the comfort of the crew:
- spacious two- and four-bed cabins for officers;
- small quarters for foremen and sailors;
- air conditioning system;
- TVs and wash basins in cabins;
- gym, sauna, solarium, swimming pool;
- living corner and lounge for relaxation, etc.
Ohio-class submarines
At one time, after the boats of the Shark project, these were the second largest submarines in the world. Their underwater displacement is 18.75 thousand tons, surface - 16.75 tons. The length of the colossus is 170 m, and the width of its hull is almost 13 m. A total of 18 vehicles of this type were produced, each of which received weapons in the form of 24 intercontinental ballistic missiles with multiple warheads. The crew of the ship - 155 people. Submerged speed - up to 25 knots, surface - up to 17 knots.
These warships have a solid hull divided into four compartments and a separate enclosure:
- bow, which includes premises for combat, support and household purposes;
- missile;
- reactor;
- turbine;
- enclosure with electrical panels, trim and drainage pumps, an air regeneration unit.
Project 955 Borey
The length of this missile submarine is almost the same as the two previous ships - 170 m. But this fourth-generation nuclear submarine has an underwater displacement of 24 thousand tons, and a surface displacement of 14.7 thousand tons. Therefore, according to this parameter, it can safely be in second place after the boats of the Project 941 "Shark" project. By 2020, it is planned to build 20 submarines of this series. Currently, there are already three project 955 giants in service: Yuri Dolgoruky, Alexander Nevsky, and Vladimir Monomakh.
The crew of the submarine is 107 people, and more than half of them are officers. Its speed in a submerged position reaches 29 knots, in the surface 15 knots. The submarine can stay in autonomous navigation for three months. Borey-class submarines were developed as a replacement for nuclear submarines of the Akula and Dolphin projects. Underwater cruisers of this project are considered the first domestic nuclear submarines, driven by a single-shaft water jet system. The main armament is 16 solid-propellant ballistic missiles of the Bulava type with a combat range of 8,000 km.
Project 667BDRM "Dolphin"
This is another Russian strategic missile submarine that boasts a large size. In the modern navy of the Russian Federation, this is so far the most massive strategic submarine cruiser. The length of the vessel is 167 m. Underwater displacement is 18.2 thousand tons, surface displacement is 11.74 thousand tons. The crew of the ship is about 140 people. The armament of strategic nuclear submarines consists of:
- intercontinental ballistic missiles liquid fuel R-29RM and R-29RMU "Sineva" with a combat range of more than 8.3 thousand km. All missiles can be fired in one salvo. When moving under water at a depth of up to 55 meters, launching missiles is possible even at a speed of 6-7 knots;
- 4 bow torpedo tubes;
- up to 8 MANPADS "Igla".
The Dolphins are powered by two reactor plants with a total capacity of 180 MW.
Vanguard-class submarines
Of course, Great Britain could not help participating in the competition for the largest submarine nuclear missile cruisers. Boats of the Vanguard series have an underwater displacement of 15.9 thousand tons, surface - 15.1 thousand tons. The length of the ship is almost 150 meters. To start building the Wangard boats, the Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd. shipyard was expanded and modernized. As a result of the reconstruction, she received a boathouse with a width of 58 m and a length of 260 m, the height of the boathouse allows the construction of not only nuclear submarines, but even destroyers. A vertical ship lift with a carrying capacity of 24.3 thousand tons was also built. The main armament of the submarine cruiser is 16 Trident II ballistic missiles.
Triumfan type boats
In last place among the largest submarines are ships made by French shipbuilders. Triumfan-type boats have an underwater displacement of 14.3 thousand tons, surface - 12.6 thousand tons. The length of the missile cruiser is 138 meters. The power plant of the underwater vehicle is a pressurized water reactor with a capacity of 150 MW, which provides a speed of up to 25 knots underwater, and up to 12 knots on the surface. Triumph-type boats are armed with 16 ballistic missiles, 10 torpedoes and 8 cruise missiles, which are launched using torpedo tubes.
As you can see, the list of the largest submarines included combat vehicles designed by the leading world powers, which simultaneously possess both strategic nuclear weapons and powerful naval forces.
Since their appearance in the fleets of the whole world, submarines have played almost a decisive role in the development of all naval battle tactics. What is worth at least the legendary German U-35, which sent 226 ships and transports to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, and this was done in just 19 combat exits.
But those ships were very small, and their crew lived in truly Spartan conditions: the maximum comfort they could count on was a shower of sea water, which they were given regularly, according to own will. As time went on, the ships became more and more impressive. Not departed from this trend and their underwater relatives. Not so long ago, the world's largest submarine appeared, which can outshine even some surface ships with its dimensions.
How it was
At the end of September 1980, the Shark entered the expanses of the White Sea. An unknown artist who covered the bow of the vessel with a beautiful painting depicting a shark and a trident. Of course, after the launch, the picture was no longer visible, but among the people the name "Shark" has already become firmly established in everyday life.
All ships of this class officially began to be called by this name, and even a chevron was introduced for their crews with the image of a grinning shark's mouth. In the West, these submarines became known as Typhoon. Soon the largest submarine "Typhoon" became the official rival of the American "Ohio".
Yes, in those years, our former allies intensively replenished their submarine fleet with new ships ... But the Shark was supposed to become not just another boat, but part of the huge and very important Typhoon program. The terms of reference for its design were received by domestic science and industry back in 1972, and S.N. Kovalev was appointed curator of the project.
But the largest submarine in the world is still known all over the world for its size. Why are all experts shocked by them? Perhaps the ship is not so big after all?
Legendary Dimensions
The official name of one of the remaining ships in our fleet is Dmitry Donskoy. So what are the dimensions of the largest submarine? Its total displacement is 27,000 tons, this giant is 170 meters long and 25 meters wide. Its deck is so large that a loaded KAMAZ can easily turn around there. From the keel to the upper part of the cabin, the height is also 25 meters. For reference: this is the height of an eight-story building with an improved layout and high ceilings. The remaining two submarines are in no way inferior to the Donskoy.
If the world's largest submarine lifts all retractable devices, then the height is already similar to a nine-story house. No, the famous Tseretelli did not participate in the design of the ship: such dimensions were simply due to the dimensions of the new high-powered intercontinental missiles.
Missile weapons
The new weapon received the Soviet name "Thunder", in the West they were called Rif. These missiles vastly outperformed the American Trident-I used on the Ohio boats, with much better range and multiple warheads that could penetrate virtually any missile defense system.
But it was necessary to pay for such impressive characteristics with no less impressive dimensions. Each rocket not only weighs 84 tons, but also has a diameter of 2.5 meters! The American analogue weighs 59 tons. With comparable features. So in fairness, we note that our largest submarine in the world still could not become the “most-most” in all respects.
Although no, I could. The fact is that the "Shark" is the only missile carrier that can fire at half the globe, while being under the ice of the Arctic Ocean. This is something incredible even by today's standards. The fact is that each R-39 missile could hit targets located at a distance of 9000 km: in other words, a missile fired at the very North Pole easily reached the equator. Of course, such a formidable weapon reached the United States even more so. Since the greatest immersion depth of a submarine of this type reached five hundred meters, which was 200 meters higher than the Ohio.
Because of this, the boats did not need to go on long sea voyages: having moved a couple of thousand kilometers, they could literally “dissolve” in the expanses of the northern seas.
Foreign analogues
It would be foolish to think that the idea of creating giant submarines visited the minds of exclusively Soviet designers. What are the largest submarines in the world? Firstly, this is the “Ohio” we mentioned: its length is also 170 meters, but its width is “only” 12 meters. Actually, this is where the list ends. No other country in the world has been able to create anything similar.
Design work and crew training for new ships
Thus, the designers had to completely redesign the layout of the ships. At the end of 1973, the decision to start work on the project was finally approved. The first boat was laid down at the beginning of 1976, and it was launched on September 23, 1980. In addition to the cyclopean size, the program provided for an absolutely incredible routine for the operation of these facilities.
The secrecy was incredible, there were no leaks at all. So, the Americans generally got a photo of the largest submarine by accident, just looking at satellite images of the USSR. According to rumors, heads flew in the military department: to look under the nose of such a "whale" is an unforgivable mistake!
In Obninsk, a gigantic training center with a military camp and complete social infrastructure had to be built. Several crews of submariners were supposed to be trained there at once. For each (!) Of the seven boats, it was supposed to have three sets: two crews were combat, who were supposed to work in shifts, and the third was technical, responsible for the condition of the mechanisms. Their mode of operation is very peculiar.
The first set of sailors surf the oceans for three months. Gradually, malfunctions begin to accumulate on the ship. The ship goes to the base, the crew is loaded into comfortable buses (where their families are already waiting for them), and then sent to rest. The place of "holidays" is occupied by techies. Employees of the “soldering iron and file” carry out a complete diagnosis of all systems, carry out preventive maintenance and eliminate all found faults.
Thus, the Shark - the largest submarine - is like a Formula 1 car in a pit stop. Here they will change the “wheels” for you, and the pilot can be replaced if necessary.
Schedule for the second crew
At this time, the second combat crew, slightly tired from the rest, arrives in Obninsk. Here they are mercilessly driven through all the simulators, and then the sailors, having proved their professional suitability are sent to Murmansk. After that, they are sent to the ship, which by that time has been brought to full combat readiness and can go to sea. The process is repeated over and over.
In general, the conditions for working on these submarines are really fabulous. Conscript sailors recall that there is a sauna on board, gym and comfortable cabins. You can serve like this whole year: psychophysical fatigue is minimal. And this is extremely important for a missile carrier, which can “lie” under the ice of the Northern Ocean for months, masking itself from enemy detection means.
This is what makes Russia's largest submarines unique (there are three left today).
Main technical characteristics
The unique missile carriers were set in motion by two OK-650VV reactors at once, and the power of each of them was 360 MW. The fuel was highly pure uranium dioxide. To understand the power of these power plants, it is enough to know that they would easily provide the electrification of the entire Murmansk and its suburbs. Their energy turns giant propellers and ensures the functioning of the most complex on-board systems.
In the Navy, boats also received the nickname "baton", since the shape of the hull strongly resembled this bakery product. But this is only the outer shell of a formidable ship. It is needed to minimize the resistance of the aquatic environment. Inside the "shell" there is a second, especially durable case of a unique design. Nobody in the world has done this.
Most of all, it resembles two giant cigars placed next to each other, which are connected to each other through three through passages at once, which are located at the bow, in the center and at the stern. After that, it is not surprising that the largest nuclear submarine at one time was designed by the best engineers of the Union.
Simply put, there are actually two submarines in one outer hull. For convenience, they are called "left side" and "starboard", meaning by this term the entire "cigar" as a whole. The uniqueness of the design is also in the fact that the “boards” completely duplicate each other: turbines, engines, reactors and even cabins. If everything fails in one half, there is a radiation leak or something like that, the crew will move to the second half and be able to bring the giant submarine to its home port. Yes, the largest Russian submarines have no analogues in the world.
Chassis Specifications
Everything that is on the right submarine is indicated by odd numbers. On the left - even. This is done so that the crew simply does not get confused. By the way, all sailors on board are also called "port specialists" or "starboard specialists", that is, even the crew on the boat is completely duplicated.
There is a fairly large space between the two buildings, in which all the important equipment is located, which is urgently needed to be protected from impact. high pressure other negative factors environment. Yes, yes, this submarine (the largest, by the way) even has missiles there: they are located between the sides of the "cigars" and in front of the wheelhouse (more precisely, in front of it). It is also unique distinguishing feature, since you will not find a similar layout of missile weapons on any other submarine in the world.
At the same time, the Shark, as it were, “pushes” its massive weapons in front of it. Important! When immersed, water fills (!) The space between the sides, and therefore, when moving, it has a huge impact on the maneuverability of the vessel. This allows not only to save the resource of engines, but also ... to incredibly reduce noise levels.
About how the whale "Shark" fell in love
What else is characteristic of this submarine? The biggest one is good, but the Americans are afraid of these ships for a completely different reason.
Since the advent of submarines, most of all, their crews are afraid of the noise that occurs during the operation of systems and mechanisms. Noises unmask the ship, give it to the enemy Navy. The Shark, with its double hull, has become a champion not only in terms of size, but also in terms of the extremely low level of noise emitted during operation. In one case, the result turned out to be completely unexpected ... Somewhere not far from Spitsbergen, a female whale circled the submarine for a long time, mistaking her for her cavalier.
Acoustics, laughing and joking, recorded her love serenades on tape. In addition, killer whales sometimes rub against the Sharks' hulls, uttering interested trills. Even world-famous ichthyologists became interested in this phenomenon. They concluded that the combination of engine noise and the resonant sounds of masses of water splashing inside the outer hull somehow attracted marine life.
Of course, the largest Russian submarine was clearly not designed to seduce female whales and play with killer whales, but the effect was still extremely curious.
Once again about the living conditions of sailors
Even compared to surface ships, living conditions on the Sharks were simply inconceivably good. Perhaps, except that the fictional "Nautilus" by Jules Verne could compete with the domestic submarine. It was jokingly nicknamed the "floating hotel".
When designing the boat, they did not seek to save weight and dimensions, and therefore the crew lived in luxurious cabins for two, four and six people, which were furnished really no worse than a hotel room. The sports complex was also amazing: a huge sports hall, many exercise machines and treadmills.
Not every surface warship also has four showers and nine latrines. In the sauna, the walls of which were lined with oak boards, up to ten people could bathe. And there was even a four-meter long pool on board. What is characteristic: even conscripts could use all this wealth, which is something unthinkable for our army in general.
Stab in the back, or the current state of affairs
Western countries were simply terribly afraid of these missile carriers. Of course, after the collapse of the Union, a bunch of "partners" appeared who immediately convinced the government to cut three unique ships into metal. The seventh side of the TK-210 laid down at the shipyards was completely barbarously stolen, deciding not to complete the construction. Huge sums of money and titanic labor that the people of the USSR spent on the creation of these incredible machines were actually splashed into the cold water of the Northern Ocean.
And the disposal took place even though the military and designers almost begged to create floating supply bases for the northern cities on the basis of submarines. Alas, today only Dmitry Donskoy continues to serve, which was converted to Bulava missiles. They pose no danger to the US. The cruisers TK-17 "Arkhangelsk" and TK-20 "Severstal" are awaiting either disposal or an equally senseless modernization.
What did the Americans do with their "Ohio"? Of course, no one began to cut them. The boats are undergoing a planned modernization, they are equipped with new cruise missiles. The US government does not intend to scatter technology, the creation of which was spent so much time and effort.
underwater nuclear boat with ballistic missiles (SSBN) / cruising submarine (until 07/25/1977) / heavy strategic missile submarine (heavy SSBN from 06/03/1996). The developer of the project is the Central Design Bureau MT "Rubin", the chief designer is S.N. Kovalev, the chief observer from the Navy is V.N. Levashov. Preliminary development of the D-19 missile system began in Miass SKB-385 at the beginning of 1971. The tactical and technical assignment for the design of SSBNs was issued in December 1972. The construction of a new series of SSBNs was planned as a response to the construction in the United States of a series of Ohio-class missile carriers. The Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the design and construction of Project 941 was adopted on December 19, 1973. It was probably planned to build a series of 12 SSBNs of the project - this figure was named by the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy S.G. Gorshkov in a speech to students and teachers training center Navy No. 93 in Paldiski in the summer of 1975
The lead submarine of the TK-208 series was laid down at the Sevmash Production Association (Severodvinsk) on June 17, 1976. Launched on September 23, 1980 and accepted by the USSR Navy on December 12, 1981. The construction of a series of submarines was completed by the Navy on September 4, 1989 SSBN TK-20. A total of 6 SSBNs of the project were built, the seventh boat of the project - TK-210 - was laid down in 1986, but in 1988, when 40% was ready, construction was stopped, and in 1990 the backlog was dismantled for metal. Partial equipment and metal blanks in the 1980s were carried out for three more SSBNs of the series. Those. in total, as of the early to mid-1980s, it was planned to build a series of 10 SSBNs, which was later reduced to 6 copies.
After the adoption by the fleet of the lead SSBN TK-208, the boat was subjected to intensive trial operation. When the SSBN project entered service with the Navy, the training base in the center in Paldiski was virtually absent and was created handicraft by the "students" themselves. Later, the Alder simulator was created in Paldiski, imitating 19 compartments of SSBNs pr.941 with an operating nuclear reactor.
Five of the six built SSBNs pr.941 TYPHOON in Zapadnaya Litsa, 1980-1990s (photo from Volk's archive, http://tsushima.su).
In May 1987, in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the schedule for the modernization of SSBN pr.941 under project 941UTTKh was approved:
- TK-208 (serial number 711) - from October 1988 to December 1994
- TK-202 (serial number 712) - from October 1992 to December 1997
- TK-12 (serial number 713) - from 1996 to 1999
- TK-13, TK-17, TK-20 - with the transfer of the Navy after 2000
Repair work was planned to be carried out (medium repair) at the Zvyozdochka Shipyard, modernization - at the Sevmash Production Association.
As of January 2010, except for the lead boat pr.941 and pr.941U TK-208, the rest of the SSBNs did not undergo a medium repair. At the end of September 2011, three SSBNs of the project formally remained in service (including two boats in reserve without the main ammunition load and one in the role of an experimental SSBN - TK-208), the media are discussing the plans of the Russian Ministry of Defense to withdraw the boats from the fleet in 2014-2019 On February 9, 2012, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Vladimir Vysotsky announced that two SSBNs of the project - "Sevrstal" and "Arkhangelsk" - in the coming years with their standard weapons - preserved R-39 missiles - will remain in service with the Russian Navy, the third boat of the project - " Yuri Dolgoruky" will be used as an experimental submarine and in the SLBM test program.
According to unconfirmed data, the cipher missile system with SSBN pr.941 "Shark" - "Typhoon". Probably, hence the western name of the submarine - TYPHOON.
Design- the design scheme of a submarine - a catamaran - is determined by the dimension of the ammunition load - large-sized solid-propellant intercontinental missiles. The boat is made according to the multi-hull architecture and consists of a light hull, retractable guards and 5 strong hulls:
- two main strong hulls run symmetrically along most of the length of the boat, have a variable diameter, and each is divided into 8 compartments (3 bow compartments with a total length of 54 m, 3 adjoining the MCP with a total length of 31 m, reactor and turbine compartments with a total length of 30 m).
- bow strong body - to accommodate the torpedo compartment (one compartment).
- durable hull of the main command post of the boat and radio-technical equipment (one compartment, length 30 m).
- aft transitional 13-meter strong hull (one compartment).
The fencing of retractable devices is made durable for breaking through ice up to 3 m thick or more, the roof is rounded, height is 8.5 m.
The material of durable cases is steel using titanium alloys, the light case is steel. The case is covered with a rubber sound-absorbing coating.
The living conditions of the crew have been significantly improved on the boat - officers and midshipmen are accommodated in 1-, 2- and 4-bed cabins, sailors and foremen in small cockpits. There is a dispensary with a sauna and a swimming pool.
Rescue Means- two pop-up rescue chambers are located on the sides from the fencing of retractable devices - for the right and left sides.
Propulsion system:
- 2 double-circuit water-cooled nuclear reactors OK-650VV with a capacity of 190 MW each (located in different robust buildings) - the reactors are modernized reactors of the VM-4AM type;
- 2 x PTU (steam-turbine units) with GTZA (main turbo-gear units) / turbines of 45,000-50,000 hp / up to 60000 hp according to other data;
- 2 x standby electric motors with a capacity of 260 hp each - are connected to the line of the main shaft with the help of couplings;
mover: 2 propeller shafts with 7-blade fixed pitch propellers, blades precision machined, curved.
Screw diameter - 5.55 m
Rotation speed - 0 - 230 rpm
Two additional thrusters each with 750 kW electric motors in the bow and stern of the boat.
http://gelio.livejournal.com/).
Energy:
- 4 x steam turbine nuclear power plants with a capacity of 3200 kW BPTU-514 (BPTU-514M on Project 941UTTKh/U);
- 2 x backup diesel generators ASDG-800 with a capacity of 800 kW each;
- Lead-acid battery type "product 144"
TTX boats:
Crew - 163 people (including 52 officers and 85 midshipmen)
Length:
- 170 m
- 172.8 m (other data)
- 172.6 m (TK-17)
- 173.1 m (TK-20)
Width - 23.3 m
Draft along the wake line - 11.2 / 11.5 m
Full underwater displacement - 48000 / 49800 tons (according to various sources)
Surface displacement - 23200 / 28500 tons (according to various sources)
Underwater full speed - 25-27 knots
Surface full speed - 12-13 knots
Swimming range - unlimited
Maximum immersion depth - 500 m
Working immersion depth - 380 m
Autonomy - 120 days
Armament:
| Project 941 | project 941U / UTTH | Project 941U / 09412 |
|
| Missile | D-19 missile system with 20 R-39 SLBM launchers D-19U missile system with 20 R-39U SLBM launchers | D-19M missile system with 20 R-39M SLBM launchers (project) D-19UTTKh missile system with 20 SLBM launchers (re-equipment of TK-208 SSBN was carried out) | D-30 missile system with 20 SLBM launchers, 2 launchers in the bow of the ship are equipped for testing Bulava missiles |
| torpedo | 6 TA caliber 533 mm with quick loader and preparation system for torpedo tubes "Grinda" Ammunition - 22 torpedoes of types, VA-111 "Shkval" and missiles of the "" and "" complexes. | likewise | likewise |
| Other | 8 x MANPADS of the "Igla-1" type, ammunition - 48 missiles | similarly + self-defense complex "Barrier" with 8 x launchers SGPD MG-74 "Korund" | likewise |
Equipment:
| Project 941 | project 941 / TK-17, TK-20 | Project 941UTTH | Project 941U / 09412 |
|
| BIUS | "Omnibus" / "Omnibus-1" with computer MVU-132 | "Omnibus-U" with computer MVU-132U | "Omnibus-U" with computer MVU-132U | |
| Hydroacoustic equipment | - SJSC MGK-500 "Skat-KS" with 4 antennas, simultaneously accompanied by 10-12 targets; - GAS mine detection MG-519 "Arfa-M"; - GAS for determining cavitation MG-512 "Screw"; - GAS for determining the speed of sound GISZ MG-553 "Shkert"; - echometer MG-518 "North"; | instead of the SJSC MGK-500 "Skat-KS" the SJSC MGK-501 "Skat-2M" was installed installed GPBA "Pelamida" | instead of the SJSC MGK-500 "Skat-KS" the SJSC MGK-501 "Skat-2M" was installed | SJSC MGK-540 "Skat-3", includes: - GAK MGK-501 "Skat-2M" (?) - GAS mine detection MG-519 "Arfa-M" (?) - GAS for determining cavitation MG-512 "Screw" (?) - GISZ MG-553 "Shkert" (?) - echometer MG-518 "North" (?) |
| Radar complex | RLC MRCP-58 "Radian" radio-technical intelligence station MRP-21A | RLC MRCP-59 "Radian-U" | RLC MRCP-59 "Radian-U" | MRCP-59 "Radian-U" radio-technical intelligence station MRP-21A (?) |
| Navigation complex | satellite navigation complex "Symphony" navigation complex "Tobol-941" circular navigation detector NOK-1 NOR-1 navigational fouling detector | satellite complex "Symphonia-UTTH" | satellite complex "Symphonia-UTTH" navigation complex "Tobol-941" (?) |
|
| Communication complex | "Lightning-L1" / "Lightning MS" two manufactured antennas of the Zolom pop-up type provide signal reception at a boat depth of up to 150 m | "Smerch-2" | "Smerch-2" | |
| Retractable devices | - periscope "Signal-3"; Periscope "Swan-21"; Combined antenna post of the "friend or foe" identification station and radio sextant; Antenna post RLC "Radian", combined with a retractable shaft for the operation of the compressor under water (RCP); Antenna post of the radio communication complex; Combined underwater communication system antenna and direction finder; Antenna post of satellite communication and radio navigation system; Antenna post of the radar signal detection system "Zaliv-P" |
Modifications:
- project 941- basic modification.
- project 941 / TK-17, TK-20- there are no wings on the submarine that protect the rudder propeller group from ice, the light hull is somewhat lengthened. Changed equipment. A set of measures was taken on the boats to reduce the primary acoustic field of the boat and its own interference with hydroacoustic means.
- project 941UTTH / project 941U / project 09411- upgrade option missile system D-19UTTH with 20 SLBM launchers. In the course of modernization, in addition to the missile armament complex, it was also planned to replace some submarine equipment complexes. A new steam turbine unit BPTU-514M is installed on the boats of the project. During the modernization work, it was planned to extend the life of the boats by 25 years without a second medium repair. The decision to modernize all SSBNs of the project was made in May 1987. The modernization period was planned until 2005. From September 20, 1989, the SSBN TK-208 was accepted at Sevmash Production Association for medium repairs with modernization according to project 941UTTKh / 941U. In 1991, due to problems with financing, work on the re-equipment of SSBNs was actually stopped. Work was resumed in 1996, and since 1998 they have been carried out on project 941UM for the Bulava-M missile complex.
- project 941U / project 09412 / project 941UM- an upgrade option for the D-30 missile system with 20 SLBM launchers. From 1998 to 06/26/2002, the TK-208 SSBN was re-equipped at the Sevmash Production Association, previously upgraded according to pr. Mooring tests of the boat started on 06/30/2002, re-acceptance for trial operation in the Russian Navy - 07/26/2002 - for testing the Bulava-M missile system.
- Project of a transport submarine-ore carrier- together with the Norilsk Nickel company of the Central Design Bureau of MT Rubin, in the 1990s, the possibility of converting the SSBN pr.941 into ore-carrying submarines was considered in the 1990s - for transporting ore under water along the Northern Sea Route.
Status: USSR / Russia
Satellite photo of SSBN pr.941 (TK-208 or TK-202) in the harbor of the Sevmash Production Association in Severodvinsk, 10.10.1982. The photo was taken by the American KH-9 surveillance satellite (http://www.air-defense.net /forum).
- 1992 - discontinued mass production R-39 SLBM for missile systems SSBN pr.941. In the mid-1990s, it was planned to start mass production of SLBMs, but work on these missiles was stopped in 1998.
1994 - as part of the 18th division of submarines of the Northern Fleet, 5 SSBNs of the project.
December 11, 2003 - an SLBM was launched from the surface from the TK-208 SSBN during the testing of the boat.
September 23, 2004 - an SLBM was launched from a submerged position from a TK-208 SSBN during testing of the boat.
2005 January - out of the entire group of SSBNs pr.941, only 10 R-39 SLBMs remain in service with the TK-20 SSBNs.
May 2010 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy V. Vysotsky said that the reserve SSBNs pr.941 "Arkhangelsk" and "Severstal" will serve in the Russian Navy until 2019 and may be upgraded.
September 29, 2011 - the decision of the Ministry of Defense of Russia to decommission until 2014 SSBN pr.941 was announced in the media. The decommissioned SSBNs will be disposed of.
September 30, 2011 - a refutation of the message dated September 29, 2011 about the decommissioning and disposal of SSBN pr.941 was published in the media.
Aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya of the Indian Navy and SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr.941UM at the Sevmash production facility in Severodvinsk, photo - November 2011 (photo from nosikot archive, http://navy-rus.livejournal.com).
- December 2, 2011 - director of the Sevmash software Andrey Dyachkov said in the media that the SSBN pr. as an experiment. The fate of the Arkhangelsk and Severstal SSBNs has not yet been decided.
February 09, 2012 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Vladimir Vysotsky announced that two SSBNs of the project - "Sevrstal" and "Arkhangelsk" - in the coming years with their standard weapons - preserved R-39 missiles - will remain in service with the Russian Navy, the third boat of the project - "Yuri Dolgoruky" will be used as an experimental submarine and in the SLBM test program, as well as to provide testing of other submarines.
July 30, 2012 - SSBN TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" is in the floating dock "Sukhona" on the territory of the production association "Sevmash".
SSBN TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" in the floating dock "Sukhona" on the territory of the production association "Sevmash", 07/30/2012 (photo - Oleg Kuleshov, http://kuleshovoleg.livejournal.com).
- 2013 May 21 - in the media, citing a source in the Ministry of Defense, information appeared that the disposal of SSBNs "Severstal" and "Arkhangelsk" will be carried out before 2020.
Return to Severodvinsk with testing of other submarines SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr.941UM, 06/28/2013 (photo - Oleg Kuleshov, http://kuleshovoleg.livejournal.com/).
SSBN TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM near the wall of the Sevmash Production Association, Severodvinsk, October or spring 2014 (photo - Slava Stepanov, http://gelio.livejournal.com/).
The composition of the SSBN group pr.941 as part of the Navy of the USSR and Russia (as of December 2011):
| Year | SSBN | SLBM | Composition of SSBNs | Note |
| 1982 | 1 | 20 | TK-208 | |
| 1984 | 2 | 40 | TK-208, TK-202 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Zapadnaya Litsa |
| 1985 | 3 | 60 | TK-208, TK-202, TK-12 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Zapadnaya Litsa |
| 1986 | 4 | 80 | TK-208, TK-202, TK-12, TK-13 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Zapadnaya Litsa |
| 1988 | 5 | 100 | TK-208, TK-202, TK-12, TK-13, TK-17 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Zapadnaya Litsa |
| 1990 | 5 | 100 | TK-202, TK-12, TK-13, TK-17, TK-20 | 18th division of the Northern Fleet, Zapadnaya Litsa, TK-208 - under repair at Sevmash Production Association |
| 1994 | 5 | 100 | TK-202, TK-12, TK-13, TK-17, TK-20 | 18th division of the Northern Fleet, Zapadnaya Litsa, TK-208 - under repair at Sevmash Production Association |
| January 2005 | 3 | 10 | TK-208, TK-17, TK-20 | Ammunition SSBN TK-20 - 10 SLBM R-39 |
| 2011 | 3 | 0 | TK-208, TK-17, TK-20 | TK-208 - experimental SSBN, the rest in reserve without SLBMs |
Register SSBN project 941(version as of 09/30/2011, double dates due to different data):
| № pp | Name | Project | NATO | Plant. № | Plant | Bookmark date | Date of launch | Date entered. into service | Write-off date | Basing and note |
| 01 | TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" (from 07.10.2000) | 941 941U | TYPHOON | 711 | Sevmash | 17.06.1976 30.06.1976 | 23.09.1980 27.09.1980 | 12.12.1981 29.12.1981 07/26/2002 (Project 941U) | Northern Fleet 2011 - part of the Navy, Northern Fleet; SSBN equipped and used to test SLBMs. |
|
| 02 | TK-202 | 941 | TYPHOON | 712 | Sevmash | 22.04.1978 | 23.09.1982 | 28.12.1983 | 2000 | Northern Fleet SSBN cut into metal with US funding |
| 03 | TK-12 "Simbirsk" | 941 | TYPHOON | 713 | Sevmash, responsible deliverer Yu.N. Grechkov ( ist. - Cantor B...) | 19.04.1980 | 17.12.1983 | 26.12.1984 | 08/31/2005 | Northern Fleet 07/26/2005 delivered to Severodvinsk for cutting, cut into metal with US funding |
| 04 | TK-13 | 941 | TYPHOON | 724 | Sevmash | 23.02.1982 | 30.04.1985 | 26.12.1985 | 1998 | Northern Fleet Dismantlement of SSBNs began in the docking chamber of the Zvyozdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk on 07/03/2008. |
| 05 | TK-17 "Arkhangelsk" | 941 | TYPHOON | 725 | Sevmash | 09.08.1983 24.02.1985 | 12.12.1986 August 1986 | 06.11.1987 15.12.1987 | plan for 2014 according to one and 2019 according to other data | Northern Fleet |
| 06 | TK-20 "Severstal" | 941 | TYPHOON | 727 | Sevmash | 27.08.1985 06.01.1987 | 19.12.1989 04.09.1989 | plan for 2014 according to one and 2019 according to other data | Northern Fleet due to the lack of ammunition in 2006, it was put into reserve, 2011 - part of the Navy, in reserve, Northern Fleet |
|
| 07 | TK-210 | 941 | TYPHOON | 728 | Sevmash | 1986 mid | - | - | - | the boat was laid down, the backlog was being prepared, in 1988 construction was stopped at 40% readiness, the backlog was dismantled for metal in 1990 |
Board numbers:
| Year | TK-208 | TK-202 | TK-12 | TK-13 | TK-17 | TK-20 |
| 1990 | 834 | 821 | 840 | 818 | 830 | |
| 1994 | 824 | , 2011
The construction of Project 941 Akula submarines (according to the international classification Typhoon) was a kind of response to the construction in the United States of Ohio-type nuclear submarine missile carriers armed with 24 intercontinental ballistic missiles. In the USSR, the development of a new ship began later than the Americans, so the design and construction went almost in parallel.
"The designers faced a difficult technical task- place on board 24 missiles weighing almost 100 tons each, - says S.N. Kovalev. - After a lot of research, it was decided to place the missiles between two strong hulls. There are no analogues to such a decision in the world." "Only Sevmash could build such a boat," says A.F. Shlemov, head of the department of the Ministry of Defense. The construction of the ship was carried out in the largest shed - workshop 55, which was led by I.L. Kamai. Applied fundamentally new technology buildings - an aggregate-modular method, which made it possible to significantly reduce the time. Now this method is used in everything, both underwater and surface shipbuilding, but for that time it was a serious technological breakthrough.
As a result, the ship was built in record time - in 5 years. Behind this small figure is the enormous work of the entire team of the enterprise and its numerous counterparties. “The construction of a submarine provided more than a thousand enterprises throughout the country,” recalls A.I. Makarenko, at that time Chief Engineer Sevmashenterprise. - Our "Shark" was ready a year before the American "Ohio". Naturally, the government highly appreciated the merits of the participants in the creation of this unique ship. " Anatoly Innokentevich was appointed personally responsible for the construction by order of the Minister of the Shipbuilding Industry. For the creation of the nuclear submarine of project 941, A.I. Makarenko and the assembler of the KSP A.T. Maksimov were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor The responsible deliverer A. S. Belopolsky was awarded the Lenin Prize, N. G. Orlov, V. A. Borodin, L. A. Samoilov, S. V. Pantyushin, A. A. Fishev - the State Prize. 1219 employees of the enterprise were awarded Orders and medals among those who distinguished themselves were chiefs of workshops G.A. Pravilov, A.P. Monogarov, A.M. Budnichenko, V.V. Skaloban, V.M. Rozhkov, chief specialists M.I. Shepurev, F.N. Shusharin, A.V. Rynkovich.
In September 1980, an unusually large nuclear-powered submarine as high as a nine-story building and almost two football fields long touched the water for the first time. Delight, joy, fatigue - the participants of that event experienced different feelings, but they all had one thing in common - pride in a great common cause. Mooring and sea trials were carried out in record time for a submarine of this design. And this is the great merit of the commissioning team, such excellent specialists as G.D. Pavlyuk, A.Z. Elimelakh, A.Z. Raikhlin, and the personnel of the ship under the command of Captain I Rank A.V. Olkhovikov. Despite the tight deadlines for the construction and testing of the latest nuclear submarines, situations arose when engineers were required to urgently develop new design solutions. “As you know, the outer hull of the boat is covered with a thick layer of rubber,” Anatoly Innokentevich continues. “On the Akula, each sheet weighed 100 kilograms, and the total weight of the glued rubber was 800 tons. coating came off. I had to quickly invent new technological methods of gluing. "
The ship adopted the first domestic solid-propellant missile system D-19. On the lead cruiser of the series, which later received the name "Dmitry Donskoy", a large number of missile launches were carried out. “The program for extended testing of missile weapons was more than intense,” recalls the former commander of the BS-5, Captain 1st Rank V.V. Kiseev. “The tests took place not only in the White Sea, but also in the North Pole region. there were technical failures. Everything was very reliable."
After ten years of operation, the world's largest nuclear-powered submarine was lifted onto the slipway for a medium repair. It was a difficult task in terms of providing radiation and fire safety, since nuclear submarines had not been repaired on the workshop stocks of Sevmash before. After an average repair and replacement of a number of complexes in May 2002, "Dmitry Donskoy" was taken out of the shop. This date is considered the second birth of the ship. The slipway work and the withdrawal of the ship were supervised by the deputy head of the workshop M.A. Abizhanov, and by the actions of the commissioning team on the ship - mechanic G.A. Laptev. “Now factory sea trials and state tests of various weapon systems are being successfully carried out. The Dmitry Donskoy is unique in terms of its maneuverability and controllability,” the nuclear submarine commander, Captain 1st Rank A.Yu. Romanov, proudly says. “This order has amazing combat capabilities. This is the fastest of all ships in the series, exceeding the previous speed record of Project 941 by two knots. Nuclear submarines, specialists in their field, the commander of the combat electromechanical unit, captain II rank A.V. Prokopenko, the commander of the navigational combat unit, captain-lieutenant V.V. Sankov, the commander of the combat communications unit, captain III rank A.R. Shuvalov and many others.
A ship, like a person, has its own destiny. This cruiser proudly bears the name of the great Russian warrior, Prince of Moscow and Vladimir Dmitry Donskoy. As the submariners themselves say, their ship is reliable and happy. “Now the fate of this nuclear-powered submarine is clear,” says S.N. Kovalev. “This submarine will be the most powerful ship in the Navy for a long time. Today is a good occasion to congratulate all the designers who designed this boat, Sevmash, who built it, many other enterprises that participated in its creation, and, of course, the Navy with the anniversary of a wonderful ship."
For 25 years "Dmitry Donskoy" has faithfully served the Motherland. The crew, the commissioning team are changing, but for everyone the cruiser remains native. Today, the ship, like a quarter of a century ago, is the first - it is at the forefront of testing new marine rocket technology. Happy anniversary and happy sailing to you, "Dmitry Donskoy"!
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