Sketches for batik. Technique and types of batik for beginners - a mini-encyclopedia for those looking for a new hobby. All work in the nodular technique consists of three stages

Tulips in the technique of "Batik". Master class with step by step photos

Author: Maksimova Nadezhda Yurievna MADOU " Kindergarten combined type No. 239, Kemerovo
Description: this master class is intended for older children up to school age, primary school age.
Purpose: a souvenir can serve as an interior decoration or can be presented as a gift.
Target: introducing children to the art of batik.
Tasks:
1. To introduce children to this type of arts and crafts as "batik".
2. Learn to use fabric paints and outlines correctly and accurately.
3. Learn to use the salt technique.
4. Develop the ability to perform work in stages.
5. Develop visual-figurative thinking, imagination, fantasy.
6. Develop interest in arts and crafts.
7. Arouse the desire to make crafts with your own hands.
Materials and tools needed for work: a wooden frame, buttons, a piece of silk fabric, acrylic paint on silk, a contour for drawing on fabric, a sketch of a drawing on paper.

Painting fabric using the batik technique is not so easy. This is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. But the works made in this technique are very beautiful and spectacular. In addition, the process can be simplified if the contour of the pattern is already applied to the toned fabric, and instead of a special reserve that is blown out of special tubes, special contours can be used. Children 5-7 years old are quite capable of creating their first masterpieces. Drawing for a sketch of the first works, of course, it is better to choose a simpler one.

The main stages of creating a picture in the technique of "cold batik":
- preparation of all materials for painting
- selection of fabric (preferably silk, crepe de chine, you can artificial)
- creating a sketch on paper
- stretching the fabric (pre-washed so that there are no problems in the future with "shrinkage") on the frame
- background fill
- transferring the sketch to the fabric
- sketch outline
- checking for leaks
- Filling with color of the main elements
- fixing the picture with an iron (sometimes this is not required, it all depends on the colors)

Typically, thin, dense and smooth fabrics such as cotton and silk are used for batik. But you can experiment with synthetic fabric. Before work, the fabric must be washed.

We stretch the fabric on the frame. I use a frame in which I will then insert the finished work. But it must be turned over so as not to stain the front side with paint. Leave allowances on the fabric 2-3cm.

I use buttons.

First, I fix the upper corner and the opposite one.

Then the bottom corner, and the opposite one. At the same time, I stretch the fabric slightly. Of course, children need help at this stage. From how the fabric is stretched correctly, it depends on how beautifully and evenly the paint will lie.

Then stick the buttons at a short distance from each other.

In order for the paint to spread beautifully, we wet the fabric with a brush. Choose a wider brush.

Making a background for our picture. Using green and yellow acrylic paint.

Apply green paint stripes. At a distance from each other.

We draw yellow stripes, having already stepped on the painted green ones. Wet colors will merge and form a smooth transition.

The salt effect looks very nice. While the paint has not dried, it is sprinkled with the necessary area. Salt crystals will partially absorb the pigment, blurry white spots will appear.

A pre-prepared sketch is placed under the frame. The pattern should show through the material. Draw it on the fabric with a pencil. But you can immediately draw with a contour if the drawing is not complicated. Hand movements in this case are more confident, and we avoid the effect of a trembling line. Although, who cares!

Outline the drawing with a black outline, which will not allow the paint to go beyond the drawing. It is important that the contour penetrates well into the fabric and the lines are closed.

Let's start painting flowers. Work with a brush, stepping back a little from the contour line so that the paint spreads and does not go beyond it. You can pre-moisten the area with which you will work with clean water. This gives a more effective blurring of colors.

First, use a lighter red paint, do not let it dry, apply a darker shade of paint on top.

You can sprinkle with salt.

We color the stems and leaves, also using paints of several shades. You can add another color, such as yellow.

After the work has dried, gently shake off the salt and set the paint by ironing the work for at least three minutes. Insert into a frame.

Interested in interesting hobbies? Do not miss the opportunity to try one of the oldest painting techniques - batik. A little effort and in the hands will be a real masterpiece.

Batik is the art of drawing a pattern on fabric, known since ancient times. For many centuries, batik objects have been highly valued, and the skill of some artists has reached an incredible level. Interestingly, in many parts of the world - India, Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the art of batik was traditionally practiced exclusively by women. Perhaps this is due to the fact that this craft requires painstaking work, attention to detail, as well as a subtle feminine flair in choosing colors.

History of magic craft

The first fabrics with drawings appeared in the 4th century BC. e .. These were the materials that the Egyptians used for the ritual burial of mummies. In the 7th century AD e. Batik began to spread in China and Japan. This art has become widely known in Persia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Peru.

Perhaps the country most famous for its unique batik is Indonesia, where art artistic painting on the fabric took root in the 12th century. There are about three thousand variations of traditional images for batik here! Patterns are applied with wax - Indonesian technology refers to hot batik. The locals have a special attitude to this type of art - they still believe in its magical and healing properties.

So, for example, in a wedding ceremony, it is customary to tie the young with a batik scarf in order to unite their souls together. And babies in these parts are usually worn wrapped in a painted scarf thrown over the shoulder. Indonesians also believe that batik has powerful energy and can even heal from illness.

Great importance is also attached color scheme- it is believed that each color of batik can influence human nature in a certain way. For example, lilac-pink helps to preserve beauty and prolong youth.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the art of batik became especially popular among some African tribes, in particular those living in Nigeria and Senegal. The traditional Yoruba batik is called Adire and is still widely popular among Nigerians.

Following a centuries-old tradition, patterns are applied with a starch mass using feathers, then the fabric is dyed with natural indigo dye. From such fabric sew both daily, and festive clothes. At the same time, the drawings are a kind of code that carries the history of the tribe.

Another way of ornamenting fabric is also popular among African peoples: before immersion in paint, it is stitched or tied in a certain way - this is how craftsmen get fancy patterns on the fabric. This method is also called "nodular" batik.

He enjoyed great popularity in the 60-70s of the 20th century among representatives of the hippie movement. Thanks to this dyeing of the fabric, bright psychedelic stains with a radiance effect appeared on the clothes of young people.

Types and classification of batik

Depending on the technique of execution, there are such types of batik:

• cold - for this technique, the contour of the pattern is applied with a reserve substance based on gasoline, rubber glue and paraffin;
• hot - the drawing is applied with a liquid wax composition (hot) not only on the contour, but also on each color; after work, the wax is removed with gasoline;
• nodular - the pattern is obtained by tying the fabric in a certain way (without using a reserve) and either dipping it in the dye or applying it with a brush.

Cold batik technique

Hot appliances

Sometimes in separate view allocate free painting, in which the contour fluid (reserve) is not used, and the drawing is simply applied with paint.

The technology of hot batik is more complex and time-consuming, so it is better for beginners to stop at the cold version. Concerning nodular batik, then experimenting with this technique at home can be very interesting, and you can get impressive results the first time.

Features of the technique of cold batik

Batik as a hobby is suitable for collected and patient people, since this process is quite laborious and lengthy. However, having received the first results of your creativity, you will not regret for a minute that you chose painting on fabric. The batik technique for beginners is not much different from the technique for professionals. There are a number of requirements that must be met before taking on the job.

For cold batik it is good to have a separate workplace- a balcony or other well-ventilated room is ideal, since inhaling vapors of a reserve substance is not very healthy (gasoline is included in its composition).

If you plan to use a painted fabric for practical application(in the form of a scarf, tablecloth, etc.), then keep in mind that in this case an additional step will be required to fix the paint - otherwise, all the colors will be washed off during the first wash.

There are several ways to fix at home:

• baking the product in the oven at a temperature of ~ 150 degrees for 15-20 minutes (you need to put the product in a cold oven, after wrapping it in a white cotton cloth, after turning off the oven, do not take out the batik for an hour);
• steaming in a water bath without contact of the product with water or condensate (in this case, batik is wrapped in cloth and paper several times, and then placed in a pot of boiling water so that there is about 5 centimeters to the water: either tied to the handles of the pot by ropes, or attached to the grid from above);
• fixing with an iron occurs as follows: every 10 cm square. are ironed for 3-5 minutes (the ironing mode must correspond to the fabric);

The success of fixing flowers also depends on the quality of the paints themselves, however, in any case, batik should only be washed in cool water with a little vinegar added.

What you need to prepare for the first lessons

hoop or frame

If you are going to draw on small area fabrics, the hoop for . If you want to work with a large format, you will need a special frame for batik or a regular stretcher on which you will need to fix the fabric.

On the frame, the fabric is attached to special hooks that usually come with it. On the stretcher, you can fix the fabric with a thread and a needle so that the fabric itself does not come into contact with the frame. A simpler option is also possible: fasten the fabric with buttons or a furniture stapler (of course, you should not do this with silk).

Textile

For batik, it is best to use thin natural fabrics: silk, cambric, double-thread. A dense fabric is not suitable, since the reserve may not pass through thick fibers and then an “explosion” of paint will occur in this place - one color will flow into the territory of another. For it is better to opt for batiste.

Paper

For a preliminary sketch, you will need a sheet of thin paper the same size as the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe batik design.

Materials and tools

Paints, a reserve agent, a glass tube for reserve - usually all this is in a batik set. Sometimes you can find a contour liquid that is already ready for application - in the form of a tube with a thin tip. In this case, a glass tube is not needed.

You can go a more complicated way - cook a reserve at home, and instead of a tube, fit bottles with suitable nozzles. However, cooking a mixture of gasoline and rubber glue is not only not a pleasant occupation, but also a fire hazard.

Therefore, purchasing a ready-made set of materials from everything you need for batik is the best option. The paints in it most often come in the form of a liquid, less often in the form of a powder that must be diluted with water.

When working with batik, it is best to wear a work robe or clothes that you don’t mind getting dirty, as paint stains can be difficult to remove. Batik brushes should not be hard - soft synthetic or squirrel brushes are ideal.

From preparation to masterpieces

Stages of work on batik:

1. At the first stage, you need to stretch the fabric so that it does not sag; often masters of batik prefer to stretch the fabric when wet - after drying, it becomes more elastic;
2. at the second stage, a sketch is being prepared - it is drawn on paper with a pencil, pressing well on the rod.
3. At the third stage, the sketch is transferred to the fabric - the paper is fixed under the fabric so that the lines of the drawing can be traced on the fabric with a pencil (a soft pencil is suitable for this purpose).
4. At the fourth stage, outline the contours with a reserve - it will remain white (if desired, you can color the reserve with a suitable pigment); the reserve is recruited in this way: the tip of the glass tube is lowered into a container with contour liquid, and a rubber syringe is inserted into the other end, with the help of which the liquid is sucked into the tube.
5. At the fifth stage, you need to check the contour - after the reserve on batik has completely dried, you need to go over the entire pattern on one side of the contour with a brush dipped in water, and after a few minutes check if the water has crossed the reserve line; if you find places where the contour turned out to be weak, you need to go through these places again with a reserve after the fabric has completely dried;
6. At the sixth stage, batik is dyed.
7. At the seventh stage, the batik is removed from the frame and fixed by baking, steaming or ironing.

After the end of the session, the reserve must be blown back into the container and the tube rinsed in gasoline, otherwise the remnants of the reserve substance will harden and the instrument will not be suitable for further use. The finished work is well framed with a wide mat.

An interesting effect is obtained by applying coarse salt to a damp dyed fabric - it leaves whitish stains, absorbing part of the paint. Sometimes, masters of batik manage to create interesting compositions using only this technique, even without using a reserve.

From hobby to pro

Being engaged in fabric painting, you will certainly feel your involvement in high art. Batik as a hobby is especially popular today. This is due, first of all, to the fact that this type of creativity opens up huge opportunities for self-realization for a novice artist. By devoting time to batik, you will constantly be in search of new ideas, themes or techniques. And having felt the charm of the spreading of colors on matter, drawing on paper will seem like a boring task to you.

With a serious approach to work, you can soon become a real pro in this matter. Most of the people for whom batik is the main income-generating activity once started with it as a hobby. In addition, silk painting is still highly valued and, using ours, you can make money on this hobby.

Art Nouveau style(from the French "new art") arose at the end of the 19th century and was distributed in Europe, as well as in America. Another name for the style is modern. Art Nouveau replaced eclecticism, where combinations of elements of all previous styles were used. Artists, architects of the new time were embraced by common ideals and ideas, in which they sought to create something completely different from the previous trends in art. And they succeeded! The source of inspiration and the basis of the Art Nouveau style was the use of plant forms, stylization of natural elements. In Art Nouveau, there is a departure from straight lines and angles, fluidity and smoothness appear.

Such artists as Gustav Klimt, William Morris, Alphonse Mucha, Mikhail Vrubel, Leon Bakst, Edvard Munch and others became especially prominent representatives of this style.

Ornaments and elements of style immediately found their application in arts and crafts and architecture.

Art Nouveau existed for 30 years and then began to fade away quickly, but to this day its sinuous forms are used by contemporary artists in a variety of areas of art, for example, in batik, decorative painting, and interior design.

So I suggest you join this milestone in the development of art and use in your work art nouveau templates. Stencils can be used to create compositions, both in batik and glass painting, wall painting in the interior and for any other purpose.

I will give an example of how you can use these stencils in your work, my handkerchief "Daisies and fish" 90 * 90 cm 100% satin silk will serve for this

Animal ornaments and floral ornaments of daisies were used here, united by a single central composition of a scarf.

Experimenting with color and combining different stencils in a composition can bring amazing results in the form of beautiful art nouveau pieces!

Starting to engage in a new type of activity for himself, each person first studies this activity theoretically. Having learned what she is, she seeks to try. Here the first problems and questions begin. Where to begin? The main question that torments the beginner.
Batik in this regard is no different from other activities. Having learned the mechanics of drawing and the required materials, the beginner feels the need to draw his first picture on the fabric. As you know, in order to apply the correct drawing, you need to imagine what should come out at the end. It is doubtful that a novice artist will be able to keep in mind both the method of drawing and the mechanics and the final drawing. To facilitate this task, we have prepared a selection batik drawings for beginners engage in this undoubtedly worthy art.
Of course, it is best to use simple graphic drawings first. Consisting of 1-3 colors. It will not be difficult to apply them even to a person who is not very good at drawing. For example, such a butterfly can be printed on self-adhesive printer paper, cut out a stencil and, after gluing it to the fabric, apply a reserve or paint.

All the stencils provided are plain, but you can make them multi-color, the images will only benefit from this.

And, finally, a few more patterns that are great for painting fabric.

The art of batik is the painting of fabric using a reserve, a substance that covers the fabric where it should not be dyed. A beautiful art form that can be used to create drawings, decorate interiors and clothes. What is the technique of batik, for beginners, a master class can tell.

Kinds of art

Cold. In this method, the reserve is applied closed loop, within which the fabric is painted with paints.

Hot. Hot reserve can either be applied as a contour or cover some areas of the fabric.

Free painting. The entire drawing is applied with paint, the reserve is used only in the final stage.

Knotted batik. This option is very different from the previous ones. This is not so much a painting, but rather a dyeing of fabric. The canvas is folded in various ways, tied or sewn with thread and then dyed with paint.

Batik uses different fabrics. Smooth fabrics, such as silk, viscose or cotton, work best.

In this style, you can create beautiful panels. Batik is very diverse and does not have strict rules. Each artist brings something of his own to art, so each product in this technique is unique.

Here we will consider a master class on working in the style of cold batik. It's great for beginners.

Fabric grapes

What you need for work:

1. Smooth fabric to choose from;
2. Frame with buttons or hoop;
3. Paints for painting on silk, may be watercolors;
4. Reserve;
5. glass tube or applicator;
6. brushes;
7. Decorative outline for fabric.

At the beginning, wash the fabric with soap, as the material is coated with a special substance that will interfere with the painting. Damp fabric should be stretched on the hoop and allowed to dry.

Choose the sketch you like and fit the size. You can draw the template yourself.

Just remember that you need not to do very small details in the picture.

The outline must be circled with a marker and adjusted to size.

Secure from the inside with paper tape.

The sketch should be clearly visible through the fabric. Trace around the front side with a pencil. You can immediately apply a reserve, only in this case the sketch should be at some distance from the fabric. If they touch each other, in this place the reserve will blur into sloppy spots.

After the outline is circled, you need to remove the template. Apply the reserve carefully so that it saturates the entire fabric. There should be no break in the lines. Apply reserve and leave to dry. Different reserves dry differently, depending on the brand.

Start pouring paint from the background. There may be undiluted paint, but if you need lighter colors, then you need to dilute it with water. By quantity, take a little paint. Work with them in the same way as with watercolors.

Now start coloring the other elements. Let the fabric dry. When the paint dries, it turns pale, so you can add a second layer, if necessary.