Presentation of the structure of light industry and its divisions. Problems of light industry in Russia

Slide 8

Literature review:

• The leading place in the light industry of the world is occupied by the textile and clothing industries.
• According to statistics, at present, 25% of the countries producing natural and artificial fabrics are in the countries of East and Southeast Asia.
• In the last decade, five main regions have formed in the world textile industry: East Asia, South Asia, the CIS, Overseas Europe and the USA.
• Mixed fabrics allow you to successfully combine the environmental friendliness, hygiene of natural fabrics and the practical properties of synthetics.

Slide 9

Research methodology:

Questioning of 11th grade students of MBOU secondary school No. 3 and their parents, studying the problem in the media and the Internet, summarizing personal experience.

Slide 10

Materials and devices:

The research materials are:

• Family wardrobe of students of our school and their parents questionnaires
• correlating test results with the facts of the media and the Internet.

slide 11

Research results:

We decided to conduct a study and thereby test our hypothesis. We created a questionnaire that included the following questions:

1. What countries are your family wardrobe made in?

slide 12

We interviewed 15 respondents from 11th grade students and their parents of MBOU Secondary School No. 3. After analyzing the questionnaire data, we obtained the following results:

1. The number of clothes described was 352 pieces.

slide 13

2. Clothes were made in 26 countries of the world, but the most common of them were China, Turkey, Russia and Italy - i.e. countries of Europe and Asia.

Slide 14

3. Other countries, the number of described clothes which turned out to be quite small, belong to Asia, Europe, America (USA), Africa. Among them, clothes from Asia lead in quantity.

slide 15

4. We can conclude about the quality of clothing: in the leading countries of Asia, the number of products made from natural fabrics is less than 50%, in Russia, products from natural fabrics prevail, and in Italy, the number of clothes made from natural and mixed fabrics is the same.

slide 16

5. Despite the composition of the products, consumers rate the quality of almost all clothing as "excellent" and "good" and wear it for a long time. But besides this, we met clothes with "bad" and "terrible" quality, which were in use for less than a year.

Slide 17

Our research has shown that:

the quantity of clothing from the old industrial centers of Europe and America has sharply decreased, but its quality has remained high and more natural in composition.

The quantity of clothing from developing countries, on the contrary, has increased, but its quality is not much different from the quality of products from highly developed countries.

Slide 18

• Our research also proved that the centers of light industry have shifted to developing countries, most of all to the East, because:
• Asian countries have a large number of cheap labor;
• European countries, taking care of their ecology, take out the "dirty production" of synthetics to developing countries that do not control the level of environmental pollution;
• Most raw materials centers are located in the Asian region, so raw materials for Europe are more expensive than for the countries of the East.

Slide 19

Conclusion:

1. The light industry of the world is the most dynamically developing branch of the world economy, it includes textile, clothing, fur, leather and footwear and other industries. The leading place is occupied by the textile and clothing industries.

2. At the end of the 90s, significant geographical shifts took place in the textile industry: from Western Europe and the USA to Asian countries.

3. In the last decade, five main regions have formed in the world textile industry: East Asia, South Asia, the CIS, Overseas Europe and the United States.

Slide 20

4. The light industry is most developed in the USA, but in many respects it is inferior to Asia, where cheap and numerous labor force prevails and there is a powerful raw material base.

5. The weaving industry of the world in the 80s and 90s was faced with the need to reorganize, because natural raw materials became more expensive on the world market. This was immediately reflected in the price of finished products. Therefore, the production of synthetic fibers began to grow.

slide 21

6. In pursuit of cheapness, many developing countries make clothes from fabrics of dubious quality.

7. Natural fabrics are certainly good, however, synthetic ones also have their advantages, which are not known to everyone.

8. Leading positions in terms of production volume are now firmly occupied by mixed fabrics containing both natural and synthetic fibers at the same time.

slide 22

Hypothesis answer:

Based on the results of our study, it can be argued that the above facts are good reasons for the shift of world centers of light industry from West to East; most of the clothes are produced in Asian countries. However, our version of its widespread low quality has not been confirmed. Slide 25

• Remember: the name of the store must match the name of the organization on the receipt.
• Always look at and evaluate the fastening and quality of the construction of details on the selected clothing.
• Before buying, always check the thread and seams of the clothes you like.

slide 26

• Always check for extra buttons, zippers, sequins and other details and keep them after purchase
• Manufacturers of branded items, as a rule, do not save on labels. On them you can read recommendations for caring for clothes.
• To check whether synthetics or natural fabrics are in front of you, tear off the thread from the product and set it on fire.

Slide 27

• If you are refused a refund for a defective item, write to the Book of Reviews and Suggestions.
• Remember that in the sale you must sell the product with the stated discount.
• An important element in the choice of children's clothing is its color. No need to buy insanely bright colors

slide 2

Light industry.

Light industry - a set of specialized industries that produce mainly consumer goods from various types of raw materials. The light industry carries out both the primary processing of raw materials and the production of finished products. Light industry enterprises produce products for industrial, technical and special purposes, which are used in furniture, aviation, automotive, chemical, electrical, food and other industries, agriculture, law enforcement agencies, transport and healthcare. One of the features of light industry is the quick return of funds. Technological features of the industry allow for a quick change in the range of products at a minimum cost, which ensures high mobility of production.

slide 3

Light industry provides the needs of the population in …

FABRICS SHOE CLOTHING

slide 4

Indicators for the main types of light industry products (forecast for 2010)

slide 5

Growth in light industry production (%)

slide 6

The share of light industry in the total production of the region in 2007, %

Slide 7

The main problems of the industry.

Slide 8

Slide 9

The main areas for the location of light industry.

Ivanovo region Tver region Chuvashia Kostroma region Ryazan region Vladimir region

Slide 10

Problems of light industry in Russia.

FLAX-GROWING. The main supplier of natural raw materials for light industry is agriculture. The flax industry is in a very difficult position. From year to year, fiber flax crops are reduced, its yield is falling. Flax growing is distributed unevenly: over 60% of harvested raw materials are in the Central region, 25% - in the North-Western and Volgograd regions. Northern region and only 15% for all the rest - Volga-Vyatka, Ural, West Siberian and East Siberian. Currently, the issue of reviving domestic flax growing instead of purchased cotton is being resolved.

slide 11

WOOL.

Natural wool is mainly produced by sheep, a very small share (less than 1.5%) - goats, etc. By the beginning of 1994, compared with 1990, the number of sheep decreased by 25%, wool production by 23%. The quality of supplied wool has sharply deteriorated, the bulk of which does not meet international standards. Currently, the needs of the wool industry in natural raw materials are not satisfied. The main regions - suppliers of raw materials: North Caucasian, Volga, East Siberian.

slide 12

LEATHER RAW

The light industry could provide itself almost completely with natural leather raw materials, but a significant part of it is exported from Russia. In return, one has to buy semi-finished products for the production of shoes and other products, which increases the initial price of products, affects the price and increase in the cost of producing raw hides due to the rise in the cost of livestock (expenses for feed, fertilizer, equipment).

slide 13

COTTON

Cotton is not grown in Russia, so the developed cotton industry is completely based on imported raw materials. Raw cotton comes from the Central Asian states (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan). In recent years, supplies of raw materials from other states have often been disrupted.

Slide 14

Percentage of production of fabrics with an admixture of chemical fibers

slide 15

Scheme of the structure of the tree for solving the problems of the development of light industry

What do you need to know to improve the system? Indicators of the effective functioning of the system Public demand for specific products Conditions and factors for the functioning of the system Opportunities for managing the system What needs to be developed to improve the system? Functional content of the system Software and methodological support of the system Modes of operation of the system

slide 16

Slide 17

Distribution of light industry products by economic regions of Russia (%)

Light industry includes 30 major industries, which are combined into groups: primary processing of raw materials; primary processing of raw materials; textile industry; textile industry; clothing industry; clothing industry; shoe industry. shoe industry.

The main placement factors are: raw materials (for industries of primary processing of raw materials); raw materials (for industries of primary processing of raw materials); consumer (for clothing and footwear); consumer (for clothing and footwear); a combination of the first two (depending on the production stages of the textile industry); a combination of the first two (depending on the production stages of the textile industry); factor of labor resources; factor of labor resources; water factor. water factor.

The most important branch of light industry is the textile industry. In the first place is the production of cotton fabrics (China, India, Russia). fabrics (China, India, Russia). The second place is the production of fabrics from chemical fiber (USA, India, Japan). The second place is the production of fabrics from chemical fiber (USA, India, Japan). In the production of silk fabrics In the production of silk fabrics, the USA, Japan, China are in the lead, the USA, Japan, China are in the lead, and woolen - Russia, Italy. and woolen - Russia, Italy.

Trends in the development of the world light industry: slowdown in the production of fabrics from chemical fibers; slowdown in the production of fabrics from chemical fibers; a sharp increase in the share of developing countries in the production of the textile industry; a sharp increase in the share of developing countries in the production of the textile industry; expanding the range of products. expanding the range of products.

Problems of light industry in Russia: 1. The level of development of light industry is insufficient: the supply of raw materials from the Central Asian republics (where cotton is grown) has been reduced; the industry's products cannot compete with imported goods that have flooded into Russia from abroad in recent years; almost 40% of the industry's equipment is obsolete. 2. The share of light industry in the structure of the economy has noticeably decreased.