Various directions. Orientations of personality: types, forms and their characteristics. Motivation of personality behavior

Relevance. In modern society, characterized by socio-economic instability, environmental degradation, an increase in psycho-emotional tension, the requirements for the physical condition, especially of the able-bodied population, are significantly increasing. It is well known that any socio-economic or the political problem of the state cannot be solved without the participation of women, who have constituted an average of more than 51% of the population over the past 50 years, and in social sphere the contingent is the vast majority, up to 70% (G. Sillaste, 2001). Women perform a variety of social, reproductive, family, educational, production, public functions (M.JI. Krymskaya, 1989; O.P. Makhova, 1993). It has been established that with age, the physical condition changes significantly, physical qualities and human motor skills. There are significant changes in the coordination of movements: the accuracy of their execution decreases, the pace and mobility slow down, the speed of reaction decreases, the speed of mastering new motor actions decreases (I.V. Kharabuga, 1969; L.P. Trofimova, 1970; N.V. Trofimov , 1974; Z. A. Gasanova, 1986; I. M. Sarkizov-Serazini, 1987; K. Zimmermann, 1981; P. Hirtz, G. Ludwig, I. Wellnitz, 1981; Israel S., Buhl B., 1982 ; K. Mekota, 1984; Weidner A, 1985; L. Berk, J. Prince, 1989). Due to the fact that in the second period of the mature age of women, covering from 35 to 55 years, there is a flourishing creativity(time of human, social, professional maturity), the problem of prolonging their creative activity and longevity, counteracting age-related involutional changes and increasing the physiological reserves of the body of women of this age attracts special close attention of specialists (M.V. Protasova, 1976; A.T. Rubtsov 1984; K. Cooper 1986; E S. Hakobyan, 1986). However, despite the extensive reflection of these aspects, it should be noted the contradictory opinions on the issues of norms and, especially, the modes of motor activity and the regulation of physical activity in middle-aged women, mainly aimed at educating their motor-coordinating abilities.

A system of proper norms and assessments of physical fitness, including motor-coordinating abilities, of various age and sex groups of the population has not been developed, and the available domestic data, in particular, the TRP system of the 70-80s, is clearly outdated and does not correspond to modern ones. requirements. The problem is also aggravated by the fact that modern conditions transition to a market economy, when the need for personnel undergoing retraining or mastering new professions has significantly increased, motor-coordinating abilities are the basic ones on which the success of teaching previously unknown professional and applied skills and abilities depends. Thus, taking into account the most important role of motor-coordinating abilities in the formation of motor functions, the development and improvement of labor, household, sports and practically all vital skills and abilities (L.P. Trofimova, 1970; V.I. Lyakh, 1990; H.A. Bernpgein , 1991; Matveev L.P., 1991), as well as the lack of modern research on the problem of maintaining and improving the motor-coordinating abilities of women in the second period of adulthood, our study was given the following goal - to improve the system of assessments and methods for educating the motor-coordinating abilities of women the second period of adulthood (35-55 years).

The object of the study is the motor-coordinating abilities of women aged 35-55.

The subject of the study is the factors that determine the motor-coordinating abilities of women aged 35-55 in the process of doing physical exercises of various directions.

Research methodology. The methodological approach in the research was based on the use general principles and approaches formulated in the theory physical culture(L.P. Matveev, 1991), the physiology of activity and the theory of movement construction (N.A. Bernstein, 1966), as well as from the position systems approach and target management (PK Anokhin, 1978; R.Z. Meyerson, 1986). This made it possible to consider the physical condition of women in the second period of adulthood and the physical culture and health-improving process as an integral system that has those properties that its individual elements do not have.

Research hypothesis. It was assumed that the identification of the main factors that determine the motor-coordinating abilities of women aged 35-55 and the development of a system for their assessment would make it possible to specify the ways of their education aimed at achieving a sufficient level of physical condition of the studied contingent.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that: factual material, which characterizes the physical condition and the main components of the motor-coordinating abilities of women in the second period of adulthood, depending on the previous experience of physical culture and sports activities; - reveals the main factors that determine the motor-coordinating abilities of women aged 35-55; the criteria and the system of estimations of motional-coordinating abilities of women of the second period of mature age are characterized; - the ways of formation of the main components of the motor-coordinating abilities of women aged 35-55 were specified; Objective quantitative indicators have been obtained that characterize the health-improving effectiveness of the influence of various physical exercises on the motor-coordination abilities and physical condition of women in the second period of adulthood.

The theoretical significance of the study lies in concretizing the theoretical and methodological provisions that allow increasing the effectiveness of the influence of exercises of various directions on the level of manifestation of the main components of motor-coordinating abilities in women of the second period of mature age, as well as in determining the criteria and norms for assessing these abilities.

The practical significance of the work is determined by the development of scientific and methodological recommendations (the main parameters of physical culture and health-improving classes) for the formation of motor-coordinating abilities and differentiation of their assessment systems in women of the second period of mature age. The received data also practical value in terms of the development of the relevant section. The presented material is presented in accordance with the program of the discipline of specialization "Theory and methods of physical culture and health-improving activities" for students studying in educational institutions in the field of physical culture and sports in the specialty 022300- "Physical culture and sports". The topic of the research corresponds to the problem N 01.02 "Methodology and technology for the improvement of various socio-demographic groups of the population" - the main directions of scientific research in the field of physical culture, sports, tourism and the sanatorium-resort complex Russian Federation for the period 1996-2000.

The dissertation presents three acts of introducing research into the practice of physical culture and sports.

Basic provisions for defense.

1. Age-related intergroup changes in the morpho-functional state, physical fitness and FCS of women in the first (35-45 years) and second (46-55 years) periods of adulthood change quantitatively and deteriorate qualitatively, acquiring a generalized character. The intensity of involutional changes increases after the age of 45, acquiring the greatest severity after 50 years.

2. Many years (5-13 years) of previous experience in cyclic sports (athletics running, swimming, skiing, rowing) and sports games (volleyball, basketball, handball), after a long (from 6 to 27 years) cessation of physical exercises, allows you to maintain the physical condition and FCS of women of mature age at the level of standards of "average" and "above average" indicators. At the same time, the indicators characterizing the DCS and physical fitness are preserved by the representatives of team sports at the level of "above average", while morpho-functional (including MPC and P>¥C) are better and IL at the level of "average" in women involved in cyclic sports.

3. The main ways of forming the DCS of women of the second period of mature age are mainly associated with an increase in the level of their physical condition and do not depend on the content and direction of physical culture and conditioning training, subject to the inclusion of specialized (on different sides DKS) exercises lasting 12-15 minutes.

201-Conclusions.

1. Age-related changes in the physical condition and motor-coordination abilities of women aged 35-45 and 46-55 years old were determined. With age (on average for each of the studied signs) significantly (at P = 0.05 0.001) worsen: morpho-functional indicators - by 10.7%; physical fitness - by 19.1%; motor-coordinating abilities - by 19.4%.

2. It was revealed that the most significant (at Р<0,01) возрастные изменения различных сторон проявления ДКС женщин второго периода зрелого возраста происходят в показателях, характеризующих: быстроту двигательной реакции (на 12,2 %); и ориентировку в пространстве (на 14,7 %).

3. A percentile scale for assessing the DKS of women in the second period of adulthood has been developed. In general, in two age groups (35-45 years old and 4655 years old), the dynamics of motor-coordinating abilities is accompanied by a significant (at R< 0,05) уменьшением количества женщин, способных выполнить нормативы «среднего» и « выше среднего» уровня. При этом, показатели норматива « выше среднего» уровня у 46-55 летних женщин соответствуют- «среднему », а «ниже среднего» «низкому» уровню у 35-45 летних.

-♦. It has been established that in women who are not engaged in physical exercises at the age of 35-45, general DCS are mainly maintained due to the manifestation of their individual aspects (speed of motor actions r = - 0.69; errors in the accuracy of reproduction of muscle efforts with a strong arm r - 0.58; and in the standing long jump r = 0.55). In 46-55-year-olds, DCS to a greater extent depend on the morpho-functional state (M11K g 0.75; GI g = 0.81; P diast. g = 0.66; P system. g = 0.57).

5. The main factors that determine the DCS of women in the second period of adulthood are identified. The total variance of the sample that determines the DCS of 35-45 year old women is 86.8%. At the same time, the first factor equals 38.7% and consists of the following data: errors in the reproduction of muscle efforts (0.828); equilibrium (0.800); speed of motor actions (0.744); ability to navigate in space (0.68). The second factor (20%) consists of: the ability to reproduce time intervals (0.779) and the results of the 3x10 m shuttle run (0.754). The value of the third factor (16.6%) is determined by: the ability to reproduce muscle efforts with the priority hand (0.852); speed of motor reaction (0.784). The strength of the fourth factor (11.5%) consists of indicators: flexibility (0.596); speed-strength abilities (0.623). The value of unaccounted factors is 13.2%.

6. The structure of the DCS of women aged 46-55 is determined by three groups of factors (82.8%). The first factor, equal to (56.0%), includes the following indicators: accuracy of reproduction of muscle efforts (0.980), orientation in space (0.873), speed-strength abilities (0.871), coordination of movements (shuttle run 3x10) - 0.832., sense of balance (0.824). The second factor is equal (14.3%) and includes: the accuracy of reproduction of time intervals (0.620) and the speed of motor actions (0.618). The strength of the third factor (12.5%) is characterized only by the speed of the motor reaction (0.874).

7. Indicators of 35-45-year-old women previously involved (5-13 years) in sports (basketball, volleyball, handball - from 1st category to MSMK), significantly (at P<0,05- 0,001), отличаются от результатов женщин, не занимающиеся физическими упражнениями и не имеющих опыта спортивной тренировки. Суммарно, показатели, характеризующие: морфо-функциональные возможности, в среднем, лучше - на 17,6 % ; физическую подготовленность - на 13,2 %; двигательно-координационные способности - на 37,8 %. У 46-55 летних женщин достоверные (при Р<0,05 - 0,001) различия были установлены в показателях, характеризующих: морфо- функциональное состояние, в среднем, лучше - на 16,0 %; физическую подготовленность - на 14,9 %; двигательно- координационные способности - на 40,3 %.

8. It was determined that active and systematic (5-11 years old) classes in cyclic sports at a young age (running, swimming, athletics, rowing, cycling - from 1st category to MS) create the basis for maintaining morpho-functional indicators in 35 -45 years old, on average, by 16.0%, at 46-55 years old - by 21.9% better than those who do not go in for sports. These indicators are generally at the level of "average" and "above average" during the entire second period of adulthood. At the age of 35-45, the most significant differences in comparison with the data of those who did not go in for sports remain in the indicators characterizing physical fitness better - by 16.8% and FCS - by 17.6%. At 46-55 years of age, these differences were expressed in the data, physical fitness was better - by 38.5%, the level of manifestation of LCS - by 27.0%.

9. It has been established that, regardless of the training program (general physical fitness, rhythmic gymnastics, cyclic types), the physical condition and DCS of women in the second period of adulthood are reliable (at R< 0,05- 0,001) улучшается. Выявлены следующие (в среднем по каждому признаку в % к исходному уровню) сдвиги показателей: в возрастной группе 35-45 лет- морфо- функциональные: гр.ОФГ! - на

22.5%; gr. cyclic types of physical culture and sports activities (group cycle) - by 16.2%; gr. rhythm anthem. - by 16.9%; physical fitness: gr. OFP - by 15.8%; gr. cycle. - by 29.9%; gr. rhythm. hymn. - by 18.5%; motor ~ coordination abilities: gr. OFP - on

29.6%; gr. cycle. - by 20.52%; gr. rhythm, anthem - by 30.1%; in the age group 46-55 leg- morpho-functional: gr. OFP - on

21.1%; gr. cycle. - by 15.3%; gr. rhythm, anthem - by 17.5%; physical fitness: gr. OFG1 - by 21.0%; gr. cycle. - by 28.8%; gr. rhythm, anthem - by 15.0%; motor-coordinating abilities: gr. OF11 - by 19.7%; gr. cycle, - by 18.2%; gr. rhythm. hymn. - by 24.5%.

Conclusion.

The analysis of scientific and methodological literature and numerous results of studies of the effect of physical exercises on the body of middle-aged women indicates that most of the works are devoted to solving health-improving, general developmental, aesthetic, rehabilitation, and psychoregulatory tasks. The literature mainly provides information on the positive impact of physical exercises of various directions on the state of health, individual components of physical fitness, mental and physical performance of a person. It is known that physical qualities and motor skills of a person change significantly with age. Due to age-related changes in the state of the nervous, neuroendocrine, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory and energy supply systems, motor and coordination abilities noticeably deteriorate: mobility, reaction speed, accuracy decrease, the pace of movements slows down, the speed of mastering motor skills decreases.

In the modern scientific and methodological literature, unreasonably little attention is paid to maintaining and improving the motor-coordinating abilities of people in the second period of mature age, the system for assessing the DCS depending on age has not been developed, the main factors that determine the level of manifestation of motor-coordinating abilities, depending on the previous one, have not been identified. experience of physical culture and sports activities and the predominant focus of classes.

Considering that the age of 35 to 55 years is the time of the flowering of creative abilities, the time of social and professional maturity, the problem of maintaining and prolonging creative activity and longevity is becoming relevant. In this regard, the search for opportunities to restore, maintain and develop motor-coordinating abilities, without prejudice to the proper level of the physical condition of women in the second period of adulthood, is of both theoretical and practical interest.

Chapter 2 Tasks, methods and organization of research.

2.1. Research objectives.

An analysis of the special literature, an assessment of the degree of theoretical - methodological elaboration and available material on the issues under study made it possible to determine the working hypothesis and the purpose of the work (see Introduction), which were revealed when solving the following problems:

1. Determine the physical condition and motor-coordinating abilities of women in the second period of adulthood, depending on the previous experience of practicing various types of physical culture and sports activities.

2. To determine the criteria and system for assessing the motor-coordinating abilities of women aged 35-55.

3. To identify the main factors that determine the motor-coordinating abilities of women in the second period of mature age, depending on the previous experience of practicing various types of physical-cultural-sports activities.

4. Specify the main parameters of loads and the content of classes, mainly aimed at the formation of motor-coordinating abilities of women in the second period of adulthood.

5. To identify the health-improving efficiency and dynamics of motor-coordinating abilities in women aged 35-55 under the influence of exercises of various directions.

472.2. Organization of research.

2.2.1. General characteristics of the content of research.

In accordance with the work plan, the study was carried out in several stages.

At the first, preliminary stage of research, which lasted from October 1998 to September 1999, the state of the problem was studied according to scientific and methodological literature, a questionnaire was compiled, and pedagogical observations were made. In the course of the analytical review of the available scientific and methodological literature, the main attention was paid to the analysis of the issues of using various means physical education to improve the physical condition of women.

At this stage, the methodological features of classes with women of the second period of mature age were determined, the questionnaire material was analyzed, (2.3.2) the pulse characteristic of classes was studied using various kinds physical culture and sports activity.

The collected material served as the basis for conducting a pedagogical experiment to determine the content and substantiate the methodology of classes in the experimental groups.

The second, experimental phase of the study took place from September 1999 to June 2000 and included preliminary testing of the physical condition of women (2.3.4. and 2.3.5.) and a pedagogical experiment (2.3.6.). During this stage, the standards for assessing the motor-coordinating abilities of women aged 35-55 were developed, the methodology of physical culture and conditioning training of various directions was tested and improved.

2.2.2. Characteristics of the surveyed contingent.

This stage of the study (pedagogical experiment) was divided into two periods: introductory and preparatory - 10 weeks and the main one - 31 weeks (2.3.6.). functional state, testing of physical performance and fitness.

In total, two experimental cuts were made in each experimental group:

The first - was the beginning of the pedagogical experiment and at the same time the beginning of the introductory preparatory period; - the second - completed the pedagogical experiment. The third and final stage of the work included the mathematical processing of the obtained data, their comprehension, writing and approbation of the dissertation.

Assessment of the level of physical performance, anthropometric measurements of body size, determination of the external respiration system, cardiovascular system and testing of motor-coordinating abilities were carried out directly at the training sites and in the medical control rooms.

2.2.2. Characteristics of the surveyed contingent.

The study took place in Kharkov on the basis of the sports and recreation complex "Olimp", "Skif-Budo" and the State Academy of Municipal Economy.

The survey involved 161 women of the second period of mature age, mostly employees of the social sphere (teachers, health workers, teachers of schools,

Soll women in the age period from 46 to 55 years, their average age was 52.4±0.79 years. The studied women were previously engaged in cycling - 10 people, cross-country skiing - 12 people, middle-distance running - 3 people, rowing - 1 person. According to the level of sports qualification, this group was distributed as follows. 2 - women - MSMK; 13- female MC; 11 - CCM women. During the study period, they no longer actively trained. Most of the women studied sometimes occasionally engaged in physical exercises on their own, but among them there were those who for a number of years (from 6 to 23) did not do it at all.

In III. The group examined 24 women in the age range from 35 to 55 years, previously involved (5-13 years) in various types of sports: women aged 35-45 years, the average age is 37.8 ± 0.75 years. By sports and quality composition, they were distributed as follows: volleyball - 4 people (3-CMS, 1-1 category), basketball ~ 7 people (1-MS, 5-KMC, 1-1 category), handball - 2 people ( 1 rank). Women aged 46-55 years (48.3 ± 0.79 years) by sports and skill level, their composition was distributed as follows: volleyball - 5 people (3-KMC, 2-1 category), basketball - 5 people (2-MS, 2 - KMC, 1-1 category), handball - 1 person (KMC). During the study period, eight 35-45 year old women episodically continued training 2-3 times a month, as they were preparing to perform at the veteran games (4 volleyball players and 4 basketball players). Of the group of 46-55 year old women, for the same reasons, 4 volleyball and 3 basketball players continued to keep fit. The rest did not practically support physical activity for 8-27 years.

Thus, out of 161 examined women, 86 were in the age range of 35-45 years, and their average age was 39.5 ± 0.41 years. In the age group from 4b to 55 years, 75 women were examined.

The mean age of this group of women was 50.7 ± 0.45 years.

2.3. Research methods.

To solve the tasks set, the most common methods used in similar studies on theoretical and methodological problems of physical culture of the adult population were used.

1. Theoretical analysis and generalization of sources.

2. Questioning.

3. Pedagogical supervision.

4. Anthropometry.

5. Methods for determining physical performance.

6. Research methods of the respiratory system.

7. Methods for studying the cardiovascular system.

8. Method of pedagogical control tests.

9. Pedagogical experiment.

10.Methods of mathematical statistics, including factor analysis by the method of principal components.

2.3.1. Theoretical analysis and generalization.

In the course of the analytical review of the available scientific and methodological literature, the main attention was paid to the analysis of the issues of using various means of physical culture to improve the physical condition of women. In addition, studies were studied that dealt with the issues of medical and biological substantiation of the impact of physical exercises of various directions on the main systems and functions of the body of women in the second period of adulthood. Also, the literature concerning the methodology and methodological features of physical culture and health-improving classes and work was analyzed, which touched upon the effectiveness of the most common physical exercises on the physical and functional capabilities of the body of people of mature age. Theoretical analysis and generalization of more than 300 literary sources showed that the problem of studying and comparing the influence of physical activity of various directions on the physical condition of women of the second mature age has not been studied enough and contains many debatable and unresolved issues.

2.3.2. Questioning.

To interview women of the second period of mature age, a special questionnaire was developed and applied, which was compiled taking into account recommendations for specific sociological studies on the problems of physical culture and the specifics of the physical condition of women of the studied age.

The survey data made it possible to identify the attitude of women of the second period of mature age to the use of various means of physical education, in order to optimize the physical condition, to determine the most popular means, and also to obtain subjective assessments of the physical condition of women of a specified age.

In total, 161 women were interviewed. Of these, not engaged in and occasionally engaged in -111, 50 - engaged in irregular physical exercises and various sports (swimming, skiing, running, rowing, basketball, volleyball and others).

The most preferred means were: general developmental exercises from basic gymnastics (74.4%); in winter - skiing (63.5%); rhythmic gymnastics and its varieties (38.5%); sports and outdoor games (35.6%); recreational running (32.6%); running with walking (27.9%); swimming (27.6%).

Noteworthy is the rather high popularity of such means of recovery as sauna and massage (83.3%) out of the total number of respondents.

Less popular among women of the second period of maturity are such means of physical education as training devices (12.6%) and athletic gymnastics (8.1%).

Regarding the duration of classes, women who do not engage in physical exercises, for social and domestic reasons, recommend the following: once a week; engaged in physical exercises up to 2 years, prefer (68.7%) classes lasting up to 60 minutes, 2-3 times a week; -athletes with more than two years of experience - 60-90 minutes, with daily 15-20 minute exercises.

The majority (85.8%) of the respondents prefer to work out in an organized way 2 times a week.

The collected material served as the basis for completing the groups, conducting a pedagogical experiment, and for determining the content and justification of the methodology of classes in the experimental groups.

2.3.3. Pedagogical supervision.

Pedagogical observations were carried out both in order to study the practical experience of conducting physical culture and recreation classes by the type of physical culture and conditioning training using aerobic physical exercises of various structures, and in the course of their own pedagogical experiment. Pedagogical observations were made for classes in sports and recreation groups at sports facilities in Moscow (a / o "Luzhniki", D.S. "Olympic") and in sports and recreation complexes in Kharkov ("Olimp", "Skif-Budo and the State Academy of Municipal Economy). In general, 64 classes with women of mature age were reviewed, with the predominant use of rhythmic gymnastics, running, general developmental exercises, and skiing.

In the process of pedagogical observations, special attention was paid to the content of classes, the selection and use of various means of physical education aimed at the formation of the DCS of middle-aged women, the integration of various "aerobic" exercises with physical exercises of a different direction, methodological methods of regulating the training load, forms of organizing classes and methods their implementation with the identification of positive aspects and disadvantages.

The planning of the volumes of training loads and the construction of a health-improving training were carried out on the basis of the theory and practice of physical culture and health-improving work and in accordance with the recommendations set forth in the special literature.

552.3.4. Methods of morpho-functional testing.

Anthropometry. The research program for determining the physical development of women included measurement according to the generally accepted method of V.V. Bunak (1931). Indicators of body length and weight, weight-height index (Quetelet index), strength of the priority arm, VC, chest excursion were determined. The life index (LI) was calculated, i.e. ratio of VC to body weight in grams. Indicators of the level of physical performance PWC and aerobic capacity of the IPC, due to their objectivity and universality, are widely used in health-improving physical culture and are widely used according to WHO recommendations when building programs and monitoring the condition of those involved.

According to some authors (3,19,41,71,157), at any comparable load, the degree of heart rate increase in healthy untrained people is almost the same. This levels out the level of physical performance, assessed on the basis of a generally accepted methodology according to one constant pulse indicator, for example, 150 or 170 beats / min. According to other authors (95,132,143,188), it seems more justified in mass studies of the adult population to use functional tests that cause physiological changes that are significantly less than the limit. To do this, in our study, we used a modified version of the PWC170 bicycle ergometric test - the PWCaf test, proposed by V.L. Karpman.

The calculated values ​​of aerobic capacity - maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) were determined by the formula recommended for untrained people or people with a low level of physical performance, in which the value of PWC af was put down instead of PWC170:

MIC = 1.7 x PWC af +1240, where MIC is expressed in ml/min (absolute value), P\Ucae is kgm/min.

The relative value of P\\^Cae (kgm/min/kg) and the relative value of the IPC - IPC (ml/min/kg) were also calculated. Resting heart rate was recorded by palpation, and systolic and diastolic pressures were measured.

2.3.5. Methodology for testing physical fitness and motor-coordinating abilities.

When assessing physical fitness, the following manifestations were evaluated: speed-strength endurance, measured by the maximum number of jumps (times) in place in 20 seconds; speed-strength abilities - determined by the result of a long jump from a place (cm); general flexibility - determined by the depth of the torso forward from a standing position (cm). The measurement of flexibility is carried out by the device E.P. Vasiliev or a marked bar with a latch. At the level of the reference platform on the measuring ruler, a zero mark “0” is put, all digital marks from “0” up will be with a “+” (plus) sign no more than 15 cm, and from “0” down - with a “-” sign (minus ) - up to 35 cm. To measure the degree of possible torso tilt forward, women stand on the bench and take the main stance. Then, without bending the legs at the knee joints, the subjects smoothly lean forward to the limit, pushing the latch, maintaining this position for 2 seconds. The test is carried out twice, the best result is recorded. If the subject bends his knees, the attempt is not counted.

The muscle strength of the priority arm (kg) was measured with a hand-held dynamometer (DRP-90) in a standing position with the arm extended and raised to the side.

During the measurement, the dynamometer and hand must not touch the body. It is not allowed to make sudden movements, leave the place, bend and lower the arm. Two attempts were made, the best result was recorded. Motor-coordination abilities. The accuracy of reproduction of muscle efforts, which characterizes the FCS, was determined by the degree of their dosing.

A. Standing long jump (check). Task: jump with eyes closed at half strength, 3/4 strength, % strength. The error (in cm) is calculated (recorded) with the sign “+” (greater than the due value) and “-” (less). One attempt is made.

B. Carpal dynamometer (strong hand-tah). Task: to perform an effort at half strength, 3/4 and % strength. The error (kg) is calculated (recorded) with the sign “+” or “-” (see above). One attempt is made.

B. Measurement of the fidelity of reproduction of time intervals. The subject measures them on a stopwatch without looking at the dial, any short (up to 5 seconds) and long (up to 15 seconds) time interval. After fixing them, it tries to reproduce them again. An error is fixed (difference with a + or - sign) from the initial time intervals. One attempt is made.

For each of the above (A.B.V.) tasks, the total arithmetic mean deviations were calculated as a percentage of the given tasks. The summary tables show the total percentage deviations from the individually specified (i.e., shown by each participant). Quickness in action - was measured by the time (sec) of performing 20 claps with straight arms above the head and on the hips in a minimum of time. The time of clapping was recorded. One attempt was made. The ability to orientate in space (points) was determined by the control exercise "Turn around and catch the ball." Two circles with a diameter of 0.5m and 1m are drawn on the floor, with marks 90°, 180°, 270°, 360°.

The subject stands in the center of a small circle and holds a volleyball in his hands. The subject is asked to throw the ball into the air, turn around 360° and catch the ball without letting it fall to the floor. In this case, you need to stay inside the small circle. The subject is given three attempts, the two best ones count. The exercise is evaluated visually in points.

General coordination abilities (shuttle run).

They were determined by the results (sec) of the shuttle run 3 x 10m. The test was carried out on a flat 10 meter track. Behind each line, two semicircles with a radius of 50 cm are made with a diameter on the line. From the high start position, on the “march” command, the subject runs 10 m to another line, takes a cube lying in a semicircle, quickly returns to the starting line and puts the cube. Then it comes back. The time from the “march” command to the moment of arrival at the finish line was taken into account; it is not allowed to roll the die. If this rule is violated, a retry is assigned. One "successful" attempt is registered. Venue: Sports Hall. The speed of the motor reaction (cm) was assessed by the relay test according to the speed of compression by the strongest (priority) hand of the falling ruler, 40 cm long.

Balance was measured by the time (sec) of balancing with one foot on a support (50x4x2 cm).

2.3.6. The contingent of participants and the methodology for conducting a pedagogical experiment.

The contingent of participants in the pedagogical experiment was selected on the basis of medical and pedagogical control carried out by medical personnel at the experimental bases, and a questionnaire survey from a total of 161 examined women) according to the following criteria: age (the age of the subjects ranged from 35 to 55 years); health status (according to medical diagnostics, all women were practically healthy and, according to the submitted certificates, belonged to the second medical group); the initial level of physical condition (the contingent was characterized by a significant degree of homogeneity); previous driving experience. Women with motor experience had a long-term (6-27 years) break in regular physical exercises by the beginning of the experiment. The surveyed women either did not exercise or exercised occasionally; taking into account interests in a certain type of physical culture and sports activities; the degree of mastery of the technique of the preferred type of physical culture and sports activity.

The pedagogical experiment, as we noted above (§ 2.2.1.), was divided into two periods - introductory-preparatory and main.

Classes in the introductory-preparatory period were held twice a week. A total of 492 classes were held in the experimental groups.

Initially, 103 women were involved in 6 experimental groups, however, during the experiment, 16 women for various reasons (missing classes by more than 20%, family and domestic reasons, illness, change of residence, and others) were eliminated. The data of only 87 participants of the pedagogical experiment were included in the mathematical processing.

A general description of the content and structure of the pedagogical experiment is presented in Table 2

601 groups - with predominant (more than 90 ± 5% in the main part of the lesson) use of general physical training exercises;

group 2 - with predominant (90 ± 5%) use of cyclic types (running, swimming, skiing) of physical exercises;

Group 3 - with predominant (90 ± 5%) use of rhythmic gymnastics and aerobics.

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