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Bernard Show. "Pigmalion" (student 10-...

10-In class ZOSh No. 2 Khotska Inna George Bernard Show- a prominent English playwright, theater critic, hromadsky ... many n "s". Among the works, written by B. Show to the First World War, the largest ... 1917). The stinks opened a new period of creativity Show. The turning point of writing creation for the playwright...

Years since the birth of the famous Irish playwright and writer George Bernard Show The work was done by a 3rd year student of the economic department of the YaF MIIT Gashkov... : http://www.biografguru.ru/about/shou/?q=893 - free. George Bernard Show George Bernard Shaw Elect. text data. - access mode: http:// ...

B2310a. George Bernard Show, known simply as Bernard Show, was born in Ireland on July 26, 1856 Bernard Show was fond of literature with ... cheerful noise, said: - Gentlemen, I propose to drink to health Bernard Show. By the way, let me introduce myself: it's me!.. One of the writer's contemporaries...

M.Kiev Uch.Yusipovich I.V. George Bernard Show Prominent English playwright, critic and great child of that youth. The childishness of Budinok, de born Bernard Show George Bernard Show having been born in 1856 near Dublin, ... London sang spiv. 15th Bernard Show succumbing to the sickness of the father and the madness of the boo...

B2310a. George Bernard Show, known simply as Bernard Show, was born in Ireland on July 26, 1856 Bernard Show was fond of literature with ... cheerful noise, said: - Gentlemen, I propose to drink to health Bernard Show. By the way, let me introduce myself: it's me!.. One of the writer's contemporaries...

George Bernard Show'Apple Cart': Current Analysis 'Apple Cart exposes ... political extravaganzas'. Objectively, the new form was due to two circumstances: satire Show from now on turned against the political system and state system of capitalist England ...

"Development of students' creative abilities" - How is the formation of students' creative activity in school conditions carried out? From ability to creativity. Thank you kind woman! Perceiving the ambiguity of things; 12. Competitions at the level of school, city, republic, outside the republic; There was a customer nearby. Returning to the garage, we found a jar and poured milk into it.

"Gifted Children" - creation of a management system for work with gifted children in the Krasnoyarsk Territory; conducting mass events with gifted children; creation of an enriched educational environment in the field of basic and additional education for the development of giftedness in the Krasnoyarsk Territory; participation of gifted children of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in competitions, competitions, olympiads, tournaments outside the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

"Development of giftedness" - The influence of factors and conditions on the development of giftedness. Factors in the development of giftedness. The area of ​​free creativity and innovation. The possibility of achieving a result if the resource for development is sufficient, i.e. under the condition of “feasible stress” The level where the beginning of the formation of ZUN and psychological neoplasms is possible.

"The work of the school with gifted children" - 2 direction. I direction. Increasing the number of children with intellectual and creative gifts. Calendar plan project. Project issue: Project resources. Project objectives: The main activities for the implementation of the project directions. Expected results of the project. 3 direction. Working with teachers to improve their skills in working with gifted children.

"Working with gifted children" - Development and expansion of students' cognitive interests. Mugs Section. The system is a system of a unified assessment of a comprehensive assessment. Creation of conditions conducive to the optimal development of giftedness. Stages of a strategy for working with gifted children. Profile special courses. Local history conference. The main forms of extracurricular educational activities school students.

“Working with the gifted” - Very important: In the conceptual areas, giftedness in mathematics manifests itself earlier than others. 4 out of 11 people are preparing for the biology exam. Giftedness in musical activity manifests itself especially early, then in drawing. Problems of gifted children. Preparation for exams in the subjects of the natural science cycle.

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Presentation on the MHK on the topic: "Creativity of M. A. Vrubel" was prepared by: Zavyalova Ksenia and Andreeva Anastasia

Mikhail Aleksa ndrovich Vrubel is an outstanding Russian artist of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, a master of universal possibilities, who made his name famous in almost all types and genres of fine arts: painting, graphics, decorative sculpture, theatrical art. He was known as the author of paintings, decorative panels, frescoes, and book illustrations.

The artist's wife (1898) Nadezhda Ivanovna Zabe la Vrubel (March 20 (April 1), 1868, Kovno - June 21 (July 4), 1913, St. Petersburg) - Russian singer, soprano. “At one of the rehearsals,” Zabela recalled many years later, “during a break (I remember standing backstage) I was amazed and even somewhat shocked by the fact that some gentleman ran up to me and, kissing my hand, exclaimed:“ Charming voice!” T. S. Lyubatovich, who was standing here, hurried to introduce me: “Our artist Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel,” and said to me aside: “A very expansive person, but quite decent.” Vrubel was always so sensitive to the sound of his voice. He could barely see me then - it was dark on the stage, but he liked the sound of his voice. This is how they met. In 1896, Nadezhda Zabela married Mikhail Vrubel, who left a number of her portraits. Together they lived the rest of their lives.

The most remarkable creation of Vrubel in the Kyiv period were watercolor sketches of the murals of the Vladimir Cathedral. radiant, as if surrounded by the bottomless blue of the sky, “Angel with a censer and a candle”, stunning with the power of a tragic feeling. The solemn rhythm of the folds of clothing, strict lines, the monochrome simplicity of color relationships, the ultimate laconism of the composition help to express the depth and grandeur of the picture. "Angel with a censer and a candle" 1887

In 1901, the long-awaited son was born, he was named Savva. Huge blue eyes and a cleft lip. For an admirer of Vrubel's beauty, this was a real blow. In the ugliness of his son, the artist saw a bad omen. It was at this time that he plunged into the element of "Demon", challenging God. Vrubel began to move from depression, which he suffered, to a manic-excited state. The famous psychiatrist Bekhtere found in him the development of progressive paralysis. The artist felt the approach of madness and was very afraid of him. In 1903, little Savva dies, and Vrubel himself asks to be sent to a hospital. He could no longer fight the disease alone. He was unable to escape from the clutches of neurasthenia and madness. He constantly imagines the devil, who allegedly distorted his paintings.

This famous portrait, painted from a guest of the hotel, where Vrubel himself lived at that time, who arrived from Siberia, is filled with an atmosphere of mystery and mystery. This feeling is created both by the technical execution itself, and by building the appropriate interior, the expression on the face of the "fortune teller" and exquisite "ornaments" ("Ornamentation and architecture," the artist said, "this is our music"). If you believe Vrubel's slips made in conversations with friends, then the woman who served as a model was in love with him. One way or another, this picture is characterized by some strange mystery. "Fortuneteller" (1895)

The swan princess. 1900 Written on the basis of the stage image of the heroine of the opera by N. A. Rimsky. Korsakov "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" based on the plot of the tale of the same name by A. S. Pushkin. Rubel created sketches for scenery and costumes, and his wife N. I. Zabela-Vrubel sang the part of the Swan Princess. Her photographs in the role of a princess have been preserved, which show that the artist went far enough from nature when creating his work. The princess from Vrubel's canvas is mysterious and enigmatic, her face is sad. Pictured is a princess. A swan against the background of twilight descending over the sea, a narrow strip of sunset on the horizon and a distant city.

This picture is also associated with the farm of N. Ge in Lilac (1900) in the Chernihiv province, where in May 1900 Vrubel saw thickets of blooming lilacs. I saw and marveled at them. Lilac became the theme of the most complex work of the artist, in which he tried to express his philosophical creed and the very desire to overcome the gap between form-appearance and essence-meaning. This desire, and not at all an achievement (acquisition of meaning), was always dear to the artist. He considered any acquisition equal to death, since it makes further movement and development impossible. Scattering lilac flowers over the canvas, as if “fluffing up” a cloud of soaring color, Vrubel masterfully plays the theme with variations, and the name of this theme is “the transformation of Chaos into Cosmos”. By and large, "Lilac" was the design of the picturesque language of symbolism. By the way, she reconciled Vrubel with A. Benois, who, by his own admission, felt, standing in front of the picture, the smell of spring flowers. One of the artist's contemporaries later (when Vrubel went blind) wrote: "Nature blinded him because he peered too closely into her secrets."

Princess of Dreams (1896) A decorative panel is a picture designed to permanently or temporarily decorate a section of a wall or ceiling, that is, it builds a living space in a certain way, influences it, makes the inhabitants of this space live according to their own laws. If we do not forget that the main goal of symbolism was to build life according to the laws of art, according to the laws of absolute beauty, then we can understand why Vrubel was so attracted to work on decorative panels, why he readily accepted orders for their creation. The panel "Venice", 1893 (next page) was commissioned by the artist from the young Dunker couple (Elizaveta Dmitrievna was Fet's niece) for their new Moscow home. Vrubel wrote it based on the impressions of a trip with the Mamontov family to Italy in 189192. , but the decorative effect he professed turned out to be so aggressive in this work that the customers rejected the panel. In essence, an ordinary story for Vrubel. Something similar happened with the panel "Princess of Dreams", made for the All-Russian exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod.

"Pearl" 1904 "Pearl" - is a kind of galaxy, capturing the eye in a spiral deep into the mouth of a well. Here pictorial theme is identical to the very method of observing nature and Vrubel's method of organizing the creative process: "to drown in the contemplation of subtleties." to see the world as "a world of endlessly harmonizing marvelous details". Subtlety, detail, detail - keywords and concepts in Vrubel's characteristics of his own way of "conversing with nature". Just as, according to a well-known metaphor, the whole world is reflected in a drop of water, so in Vrubel's "Pearl" the idea is embodied that in a shell, if you put it to your ear, you can hear the noise, rumble and sounds of the oceanic abyss.

On the basis of the rebellion against positivism, the essentially neo-romantic art of Vrubel also grew. The symbolist era emphasized in Vrubel's life the "seal of madness and fate" - the obsession with the image of the Demon. He relentlessly pursues the master, beckons with the elusiveness of his appearance, makes him return to himself again and again, choose more and more new materials and techniques for his embodiment. As usual, the artist is rewarded with unlimited creative possibilities. But retribution is inevitable - he suffers a terrible disease, the death of a child, madness, death. The plausibility of the legend was largely facilitated by the delusions of guilt and remorse that tormented the sick Vrubel in recent years. "It is believed that the Prince of Peace posed for him. - There is something deeply truthful in these terrible and beautiful, exciting pictures to tears. His Demon remained true to his nature. He, who fell in love with Vrubel, nevertheless deceived him. These sessions were a complete mockery and teasing. Vrubel saw "The Demon" 1890 now one, then another feature of his deity, then both at once, and in pursuit of this elusive, he quickly began to move towards the abyss, to which his passion for the damned was pushing. His madness was logical the end of his demonism

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BEGINNING OF LIFE

On July 15, 1606, in Leiden, the wealthy miller Harmen Gerrits and his wife Neeltge Willems van Zeitbroek had a sixth child, named Rembrandt. The mill was not far from the Rhine that crossed the city, so Harmen Gerrits began to be called van Rijn, and the whole family received this addition to the surname. Parents giving Rembrandt a good education wanted him to become a scientist or an official. He studies at the Latin school, and then from 1620 at the University of Leiden, which he leaves without completing it. The craving for drawing, which manifested itself since childhood, led him to the studio of the local painter Jacob van Swanenburg, who taught Rembrandt the basics of drawing and painting, introduced him to the history of art. After studying with him for three years, Rembrandt moved to Amsterdam in 1623 and continued his studies with the famous painter Pieter Lastman (1583–1633). But the training lasted only six months. In 1624, Rembrandt returned to Leiden and there, together with his friend Jan Lievens, opened his own painting studio.

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The work of Rembrandt, imbued with the desire for a deeply philosophical comprehension of life, the inner world of a person with all the richness of his spiritual experiences, marks the pinnacle of the development of Dutch art of the 17th century, one of the peaks of world artistic culture. Rembrandt's artistic heritage is exceptionally diverse: he painted portraits, still lifes, landscapes, genre scenes, paintings on historical, biblical, mythological themes, was an unsurpassed master of drawing and etching. Rembrandt learns from artists of the past and his contemporaries, masters the technique of painting and engraving. He studies the art of Italy from casts, engravings, copies and perceives the humanistic principle of Italian art. The baroque style, which originated in the 17th century, also had a great influence on his work, but the sophistication, pomp, and emphasized theatricality of this style were far from Rembrandt's searches. He was an admirer of the work of Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1573-1510), the founder of the realistic trend in European painting of the 17th century. Already in the portraits of Rembrandt of the Leiden period, the artist's interest in the inner world of man is visible. Focusing on revealing the state of mind of the person being portrayed, he omits secondary details. At the end of 1631, Rembrandt, a famous portrait painter and author of historical paintings, moved to Amsterdam, the largest trading city.

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SMALL VICTORIES

In 1634, Rembrandt married the daughter of the former mayor of Leeuwarden, Saskia van Uylenburg, a noble and wealthy patrician. After getting married, he buys a big house. Furnishing the house with luxurious things, the artist creates a rich collection, which included works by Raphael, Giorgione, Durer, Mantegna, van Eyck, engravings from the works of Michelangelo, Titian. Rembrandt collected Persian miniatures, vases, shells, authentic antique busts, Chinese and Japanese porcelain, Venetian glass, expensive oriental fabrics, costumes of various nations, tapestries, and musical instruments. In the 30s, Rembrandt was a prosperous, successful, wealthy artist, which is reflected in his works.

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In many paintings, he portrays his beloved wife Saskia. The famous Self-portrait with Saskia on her knees (1635, Dresden, State Art Gallery) stands out in particular. He shows himself as a cheerful cavalier with a glass of wine, who hugs the half-turned Saskia, who is sitting on his lap with her back to the viewer. The picture is filled with vitality, energy and imbued with love for his wife. The self-portrait boldly breaks with artistic canons, stands out for the lively immediacy of the composition, the free manner of painting, the major, filled with light, colorful range. REMBRANDT AND SASKIA

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POPULAR PAINTER

This is the time when Rembrandt perfects his technique of painting and graphics, giving his creations the utmost expressiveness and depth. Studying traditional methods of writing and approaches to the disclosure of topics, in his work he increasingly departs from these traditions. Instead of smooth, glazing strokes, which are applied in thin layers of transparent and translucent paints over a dense layer of paints and create a single pictorial surface of the canvas, he paints pictures with sharp, pasty strokes, gradually abandoning detailed details. By the early 1940s, Rembrandt was a popular and highly paid painter. During the 1930s he painted about 60 commissioned portraits. He has about 15 students. One of the most famous paintings by Rembrandt of this period is Danae (1636-1646, St. Petersburg, State Hermitage Museum).

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"DANAYA"

Having placed the mythological heroine in a luxurious alcove of a rich burgher Dutch house, he masterfully prescribes a velvet canopy, elegantly embroidered pillows, admires the rays of golden light that flood the Danai with soft waves. This is a vivid embodiment of the artist’s aesthetic views in it, as it were, he enters into a controversy with the great masters of the Renaissance: he executed the naked figure of Danae, far from classical ideals, with bold realistic immediacy, and opposed the beauty of spirituality and warmth to the sensual-bodily, ideal beauty of the images of Italian masters human feeling.

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FAMILY TRAGEDIES

He began to work on the picture during a period of family happiness, at the zenith of fame. But in subsequent years, much has changed: three of Rembrandt's children die, a few months after the birth of the last son, Titus, Saskia's beloved wife died, and soon he loses his mother and sisters. One of the last portraits of his wife was the last portrait of Saskia.

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In the early 40s, Rembrandt received an order from the captain of the rifle squad Frans Banning-Cock for a large group portrait of the squad for the main hall of the new building of the Amsterdam Rifle Guild. The famous Night Watch is created (1642, Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum) (3.87–5.02 m). A detachment of 18 figures is a single cohesive group surrounded by townspeople. Arrows marching out of the arch of the building to the illuminated square, under a waving flag. The group portrait takes on the character of a kind of historical picture in which Rembrandt embodies his idea of ​​civil ideals. The opinions of contemporaries about the painting were divided: some immediately saw the masterpiece, others, including the customers, found that the painting did not meet the traditions of a group portrait. Therefore, she was hung in another, smaller, place not intended for her, cutting off the canvas on all sides, which violated the composition of the picture. Despite this, she is an unsurpassed example of a group portrait, where each character is given a sharp psychological characteristic.

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"Night Watch", Rembrandt, 1642, Rijksmuseum

A heroically uplifted composition with a scene of the Riflemen's Guild performing at the alarm signal, a historical picture that evokes memories of the liberation struggle of the Dutch people.

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The 50s and 60s were marked by the creation of outstanding masterpieces, as well as the deepening of the artist's conflict with the authorities. The displeasure of the authorities was caused by the fact that Hendrikje Stoffels, a former servant in the Rembrandt house, becomes his common-law wife. The artist could not officially marry her, because. according to the will of Saskia, Rembrandt, upon entering into a new marriage, would be deprived of the right to be the guardian of the inheritance of his son Titus. The church persecuted Hendrickje for her relationship, not consecrated by marriage. Rembrandt repeatedly depicts Hendrickje, she becomes his model. Portrait of Hendrickje Stoffels, 1657

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At the center of Rembrandt's work is man, his inner world, feelings and joys. giving great attention portraits, he focuses on revealing the spiritual world of his models. Rembrandt receives painting commissions so rare at that time: Aristotle Meditating at the Bust of Homer (1653, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art). In the mid-1650s, Rembrandt acquired a mature painting skill. The elements of light and color, independent and even partly opposite in the early works of the artist, now merge into a single interconnected whole. The hot red-brown, now flashing, now fading, quivering mass of luminous paint enhances the emotional expressiveness of Rembrandt's works, as if warming them with a warm human feeling.

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BANKRUPTCY

In 1656, by a court decision, the Amsterdam City Hall declared Rembrandt an insolvent debtor, an inventory of property was carried out, and in 1656-1658 it was sold. The real value of the artist's property was several times greater than the size of his debts: the collection was valued at 17,000 guilders. However, it was sold for only 5 thousand, the house was valued at half its original cost. But not all creditors were satisfied. And the court ruled that all the paintings that will be created by the artist must be sold to pay off debts, the court also deprived Rembrandt of the right to have property, except for wearable things and drawing supplies, which meant a beggarly existence. The Rembrandt family moves to the poorest quarter of Amsterdam. Titus, after the ruin of his father, in order to make his property completely inaccessible to Rembrandt's creditors, draws up a will in which he leaves his entire fortune to his sister Cornelia, and appoints Rembrandt as a guardian with the right to use the money. Despite the difficult situation, Rembrandt continues to write.

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Rembrandt Van Rijn. SELF-PORTRAIT

In 1660, Titus and Hendrickier open an antique shop, where Rembrandt was hired by an expert. And although, by a court decision, the paintings newly painted by Rembrandt were to be transferred to the disposal of creditors, the contract for hiring him to work made it possible for the artist to transfer his works to an antique store. This allowed the family to increase their income and buy a house. Once again, the artist turns to self-portraits, to paintings on a biblical theme.

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In 1663, Hendrickje dies, leaving an antique shop to Titus and a small inheritance to Rembrandt. Rembrandt becomes the guardian of his daughter Cornelia. After a two-year creative break, he paints a number of famous paintings: David and Uriah, 1665, Jewish Bride, 1665, Family Portrait. But the true apotheosis of all Rembrandt's work was the painting The Return of the Prodigal Son (1668-1669, St. Petersburg, State Hermitage Museum). Repeatedly, the artist turned to this topic (sketches and sketches are already found in the 30s). On a huge canvas (260 × 205 cm), a kneeling figure of a son who returned to his father's shelter is shown from the back. His figure embodies the remorse of a man who has passed the tragic path of learning about life. The wise and spiritualized face of the old father, sanctified by great kindness, accepting and forgiving his son, is a masterpiece of Rembrandt, a master who knows how to penetrate into the soul of his characters and show all their experiences on canvas. This is a picture of suffering and great love.

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Rembrandt created wonderful works in almost all genres, used a variety of writing techniques (painting, drawing, etching). The greatest master, he influenced many famous artists. The halo of glory around the name of Rembrandt did not fade, and after his death, he received true recognition as one of the outstanding painters of all time. According to the psychological nuances in the portraits, the artist belongs to the best portrait painters of the Baroque (“Portrait of Saskia”, “Night Watch”). The work of Rembrandt had a significant impact on the development of world fine arts. In total, Rembrandt created over 250 paintings, 300 prints and 1,000 drawings. A musical was even staged in Amsterdam about the life of the great artist Rembrandt, who created Danae, The Night Watch and The Return of the Prodigal Son. In the performance, the painter appears before the audience with all his advantages and disadvantages. In Holland, July 15, Rembrandt's birthday, is celebrated as a national holiday. In February 1668, Titus married Magdalena van Loo, but died soon after. This dealt a crushing blow to Rembrandt, and on October 8, 1669, he dies in the arms of his daughter Cornelia.

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