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4
In accordance with the calendar plan for the production of works, a schedule was drawn up for the movement of the main construction machines around the facility. The need for construction machines and mechanisms is determined based on the scope of work. The number of machine shifts by months is distributed taking into account the duration of the mechanized process. The results of the calculation are given in table. 5.
Table 5
Schedule of movement of the main construction machines on the object
Names | If- | |||||||||
machines | quality | average daily number of cars |
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Bulldozer DZ-43 | machine-shifter | |||||||||
Excavator EO-4321 | machine-shifter | |||||||||
Crawler crane SKG-30 | machine-shifter | |||||||||
Autohydranator | machine-shifter | |||||||||
tower crane KB-160 | machine-shifter |
Determination of the estimated number of workers at the construction site
The basis for determining the number of workers on the construction site is the maximum number of workers in the main production, employed in one shift. It is determined by the schedule of movement of workers:
Nmax main = 57 people
The number of workers in non-core production is assumed to be 20% of the number of workers hired according to the schedule. The data are summarized, and the result is used in further calculations:
Nmin. = 57 * 0.2 = 11 people
The number of engineering and technical workers (ITR) in one shift is taken in the amount of 11-14% of the total number of employees in the main and non-main production:
Nitr \u003d 68 * 0.12 \u003d 8 people.
The total estimated number of workers employed at the construction site per shift is determined as the sum of all categories of workers with a coefficient of 1.06 (of which 4% are workers on vacation and 2% are sick leave):
Ncalc. in 1 shift \u003d (57 + 11 + 8) * 1.06 \u003d 79 people.
The number of women is assumed to be approximately 20% of the total number of employees:
Composition and areas of temporary mobile buildings and structures
The composition and areas of temporary buildings and structures are determined at the time of the maximum turnaround of work at the construction site according to the estimated number of workers employed in one shift.
The type of temporary structure is accepted taking into account the period of its stay at the construction site: if the duration of the construction of the facility is 6-18 months - container-type buildings.
At a construction site with less than 60 people working in the most numerous shift, there must be at least the following sanitary facilities: dressing rooms with wash basins; showers; for drying and dedusting clothes; for heating, rest and eating; foreman; toilet.
With the number of employees up to 150 people, first-aid kits should be in the foremen.
The results of calculating the need for temporary mobile buildings are given in tabular form, see table. 6.
Table 6
Calculation of the need for temporary mobile buildings
Estimated number of employees | Norm for 1 person. | Estimated need for, m2 | Accepted |
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Name | Total | % concurrent users | Unit meas. | Quantity | Building type and project code | Area, m2 |
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Checkpoint-personnel |
Container | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreman's office |
Container | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dining area |
Container | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Warm room for workers |
Container #312-00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Room for drying and dedusting clothes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 The need for construction workers The largest number of workers at the construction site is determined according to the workforce movement schedule or on the basis of the work schedule, the volume of work performed and the average annual output of performers per worker according to the formula: where BUT- the number of workers at the construction site; B - total cost construction and installation or special works, 3960.0 thousand rubles; AT- average annual output per worker - 15,000 rubles; T- the duration of the work calendar plan, 3 years. BUT= 3960000: 15000: 3 = 88 people Engineers, employees and MOS make up 15% of the largest number of workers on the construction site: BUT 1 = BUT´ 0.15 = 88 ´ 0.15 = 14 people BUT 2 = BUT -BUT 1 \u003d 88 - 14 \u003d 74 people. Workers in the most numerous shift make up 70% of the largest number of workers on the construction site: A 3 = BUT 2 ´ 0.70 = 74 ´ 0.70 = 52 people Engineers, employees and MOS in the most numerous shift make up 80% of the largest number of engineers, employees and MOS at the construction site: BUT 4 = BUT 1 ´ 0.80 = 14 ´ 0.80 = 12 people The total number of employees in the most numerous shift will be: BUT 5 = A 3 + BUT 4 = 52 + 12 = 64 people Working women in the most numerous shift make up 30% of the total number of employees in the most numerous shift: BUT 6 = BUT 5 ´ 0.3 = 64 ´ 0.3 = 20 people BUT 7 = BUT 5 - BUT 6 = 64 - 20 = 44 people The number of employees employed in motor transport, in service enterprises and auxiliary industries (factories of reinforced concrete structures, concrete-mortar units) is not included in the calculation due to the centralized supply of concrete and mortar for construction, as well as semi-finished products and products from factories and bases of Glavmospromstroymaterialov by Glavmosavtotrans vehicles. 2 Calculation of temporary buildings and structures The calculation of the need for temporary buildings and structures is carried out according to the formula: R tr = R n ´ To, where R n - normative indicator area; To- the total number of employees (or their certain categories) or the number of employees in the most numerous shift; R tr- the required area of inventory buildings. Buildings for sanitary purposes Dressing room - at a rate of 0.89 sq. m per worker per day: R tr= 0.89 ´ BUT 2 \u003d 0.89 ´ 74 \u003d 66 sq. m Washrooms - at a rate of 0.07 sq. m per worker in the most numerous shift: R tr= 0.07 ´ BUT 5 \u003d 0.07 ´ 64 \u003d 4 sq. m Showers - at a rate of 0.54 sq. m per worker in the most numerous shift: R tr= 0.54´ BUT 5 \u003d 0.54 ´ 64 \u003d 35 sq. m Premises for heating workers - at a rate of 0.1 sq. m per worker in the most numerous shift: R tr= 0.1´ A 3 \u003d 0.1 ´ 52 \u003d 8 sq. m (at least 8 m 2 is accepted) A room for drying overalls and footwear - at a rate of 0.2 sq. m per worker: R tr= 0.2´ BUT 2 \u003d 0.2 ´ 74 \u003d 15 sq. m Restrooms - at a rate of 0.07 sq. m per worker in the most numerous shift: R tr= 0.07 ´ BUT 5 \u003d 0.07 ´ 64 \u003d 4 sq. m Room for personal hygiene of women - determined by the number of women working in the most numerous shift ( BUT 6): When the number of women is less than 100 people. a special cabin with a rising shower is provided 1 pc ´ 2.88 sq. m R tr= 3 sq. m Open areas for recreation and smoking areas are determined by the number of employees in the most numerous shift per person 0.2 sq. m: R tr= 0.2´ BUT 5 \u003d 0.2 ´ 64 \u003d 13 sq. m Health center - is determined when the total number of employees in the most numerous shift is up to 300 people. - 12 sq. m - a medical room at the foremen with a separate entrance: R tr= 12 sq. m 2.2 Food outlets Dining room - determined at the rate of 4 people. for one seat. The number of visitors to the canteen is 75% of the number of employees in the most numerous shift: BUT 5: 4 ´ 0.75 = 64: 4 ´ 0.75 = 12 seats The area per one seat in the presence of 12 seats in the hall, taking into account the preparation of food from raw materials - 1.02 sq. m R tr 1 \u003d 1.02 ´ 12 \u003d 12 sq. m Buffet - determined at the rate of 4 people. for one seat. The number of visitors to the buffet is 25% of the number of employees in the most numerous shift: BUT 5: 4 ´ 0.25 = 64: 4 ´ 0.25 = 4 places The area per seat in the presence of 4 seats - 0.7 square meters. m R tr 2 \u003d 0.7 ´ 4 \u003d 3 sq. m Total required area for food points: R tr = R tr 1 + R tr 2 \u003d 12 + 3 \u003d 15 sq. m 2.3 Administrative buildings The office of the heads of sections, foremen - is determined according to the norm of 4 square meters. m per one engineer, employee and MOS working on the line and making up 50% of the total number of personnel of these categories. 10% is also added to the area of corridors, passages, vestibules. R tr= 4´ BUT 1 ´ 1.1 ´ 0.5 = 4 ´ 14 ´ 1.1 ´ 0.5 = 31 sq. m Control room - determined according to the norm of 7 square meters. m per staff member. 5% is also added to the area of corridors, walkways, vestibules and 8 sq. m - the area of the room at the control room for the radio loudspeaker. R tr\u003d (7 ´ Hell) ´ 1.05 + 8 \u003d (7 ´ 50) ´ 1.05 + 8 \u003d 376 sq. m, where Ad - the number of attendants of the control room - 50 people. Red corner - determined by the norm of 0.2 square meters. m per worker in the most numerous shift. 10% is also added to the area of corridors, passages, vestibules. R tr = BUT 5 ´ 1.1 ´ 0.2 \u003d 0.22 ´ 64 \u003d 14 sq. m Construction headquarters. a) work rooms - at a rate of 4 sq. m per person: R tr\u003d 4 ´ Ar \u003d 4 ´ 34 \u003d 136 square meters. m where Ap - the number of people in the working rooms - 34 people. b) a room for a working design group - at a rate of 6 sq. m per person: R tr\u003d 6 ´ Ap \u003d 6 ´ 3 \u003d 18 square meters. m, where Ap - the number of people in the working design group - 3 people. c) offices of construction managers (complex) - at a rate of 31 sq. m per construction manager: R tr\u003d 31 ´ An \u003d 31 ´ 2 \u003d 62 sq. m, where An - the number of construction managers - 2 people. d) meeting room - at a rate of 0.9 sq. m per person in the hall: R tr\u003d 0.9 ´ Ac \u003d 0.9 ´ 10 \u003d 9 square meters. m, where Ac - the number of people for which the meeting room is designed - for 10 people. e) methodical office: R tr= 23 sq. m e) pantries: R tr= 70 sq. m g) construction laboratories: R tr= 34 sq. m Buildings and structures for warehouse purposes. a) Closed heated warehouse - at a rate of 24 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works: R tr= B/T/1000´24´ t´ to R tr= 67.0 / 1.0 / 1000 ´ 24 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 0 sq. m, where m- coefficient of uneven production consumption of materials = 1.3; to- coefficient of non-uniformity of receipt of materials and products to construction warehouses = 1.1; b) Closed unheated warehouse - at a rate of 51.2 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works: R tr= B/T/1000´51.2´m´k R tr= 67.0 / 1.0 / 1000 ´ 51.2 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 0 sq. m, c) Sheds - at a rate of 76.3 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works: R tr= B/T/ 1000´76.3´ t´ to R tr= 67.0/ 1.0/1000 ´ 76.3 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 1 sq. m, d) Tool workshops - at a rate of 13 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works: R tr= B/T/1000´13´ m´ k R tr= 67.0 / 1.0 /1000 ´ 13 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 0 sq. m, e) Open storage areas at a rate of 552 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works: R tr= B/T/ 1000´552´ m´ k R tr= 67.0 / 1.0 / 1000 ´ 552 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 4 sq. m, The results of calculations of the need for temporary buildings and structures are summarized in Table B.1.
The need for office and administrative premises is calculated based on the maximum number of workers employed in construction and installation works. The required number of workers for the calculation of administrative and amenity premises is determined based on the average annual output according to the PSO MOSPROMSTROY and the cost of construction and installation works of the facility. The calculation of the need for administrative and amenity premises was made on the basis of the Norms for determining the areas of temporary administrative and amenity premises during the construction of facilities in Moscow, SNiP 2.09.04-87* and the Guide to SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Appendix 3 An example of calculating the parameters of the network schedule for the construction of a 19-storey monolithic reinforced concrete house. 1.1 Geographical point of construction: Moscow 1.2 Ground conditions: the nature and bearing capacity of soils, the position of the groundwater level is deep. 1.3 Name of the main projected object (building): monolithic reinforced concrete residential building, 19-storey, plan dimensions 28.7×28.7 m. The height of the building is 64.89 (from the foundation slab). The height of the floor from floor to floor is 3.30 m. The height of the technical underground is 3.60 m. The height of the technical floor is 4.85 m. 1.4 Material of the main and enclosing structures: external walls - monolithic reinforced concrete load-bearing 250 mm thick; internal walls - monolithic reinforced concrete load-bearing 180 mm thick; floors - monolithic reinforced concrete 160 mm thick. The outer walls along the facades of the building consist of monolithic reinforced concrete 250 mm thick, load-bearing, lined with large-sized decorative bricks and an effective insulation placed between them. The internal walls are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 180 mm. In the technical underground there are openings for the passage of service personnel and openings for laying communications. In the residential part of the building there are channels for electrical wiring. Interfloor floors - monolithic reinforced concrete 160 mm thick, serving as a connecting frame with walls. Windows and balcony doors - with double glazing of a separate design. Roof covering of the building - 5 layers: 3 layers of roofing material on bituminous mastic, insulation - mineral wool, waterproofing, cement screed. 2 Calculation of the parameters of the network schedule for the construction of a 19-storey residential building. Start of construction - 01.04.2001 Construction is carried out during daylight hours to save energy and for safety reasons. This project designed for the period of construction of a residential monolithic 19-storey building at the address: Rabochaya st., 22/24. The construction of the house is carried out with the help of a tower crane NVK-160.1. Concreting of monolithic structures is carried out by a PUTZMEISTER BRF 3209.EM concrete pump. Calculation of the coefficient of unevenness where K n£ 1.5...1.7 Rmax- the maximum number of workers (according to the schedule); Table B.1 - Aggregated calculation of the estimated cost of external networks Table B.2 - Work identification card for network I
Table B.3. An example of calculating a network diagram in tabular form for the I model of a network diagram
Table B.4 - Work identification card for network II
Appendix 4 The basis for determining the number of workers on the construction site is the maximum number of workers in the main production, employed in one shift. It is determined by the schedule of movement of workers: Nmax main = 57 people The number of workers in non-core production is assumed to be 20% of the number of workers hired according to the schedule. The data are summarized, and the result is used in further calculations: Nmin. = 57 * 0.2 = 11 people The number of engineering and technical workers (ITR) in one shift is taken in the amount of 11-14% of the total number of employees in the main and non-main production: Nitr \u003d 68 * 0.12 \u003d 8 people. The total estimated number of workers employed at the construction site per shift is determined as the sum of all categories of workers with a coefficient of 1.06 (of which 4% are workers on vacation and 2% are sick leave): Ncalc. in 1 shift \u003d (57 + 11 + 8) * 1.06 \u003d 79 people. The number of women is assumed to be approximately 20% of the total number of employees: N female \u003d 79 * 0.2 \u003d 16 people. 5.1. The total estimated number of construction personnel per shift. The basis for determining the number of workers on the construction site is the maximum number of workers in the main production, employed in one shift. It is determined according to the schedule of the movement of workers, built under the calendar plan for the production of work on the facility. N max base = 43 people per shift The number of workers in non-core production is assumed to be 20% of the number of workers hired according to the schedule. The data are summarized and the result obtained is used in further calculations. N unbasic \u003d 0.2 * 43 \u003d 8.6 \u003d 9 people. N itr - the number of engineering and technical workers (ITR) in one shift is taken in the amount of 6-8%, N mop - junior service personnel (MOP) - 4%, N uch - the number of students and trainees - 5% of the total number of workers of the main and secondary production. N itr \u003d (43 + 9) * 0.08 \u003d 4.16 \u003d 5 people. N mop \u003d (43 + 9) * 0.04 \u003d 3 people. N account \u003d (43 + 9) * 0.05 \u003d 2.6 \u003d 3 people. N \u003d 1.06 * (N max main + N non-basic + N itr + N mop + N uch) \u003d 1.06 * (43 + 9 + 5 + 3 + + 3) \u003d 77.38 \u003d 78 The total estimated number of workers employed at the construction site per shift is determined as the sum of all categories of workers with coefficients of 1.06 (of which 4% are employees on vacation, 2% are absenteeism due to illness). 5.2. Determination of the composition and area of temporary buildings and structures. The composition and areas of temporary buildings and structures are determined at the time of the maximum turnaround of work at the construction site according to the estimated number of workers employed in one shift. The type of temporary structure is accepted taking into account the period of its stay at the construction site: during construction lasting up to six months, mobile temporary structures are used. The results of calculating the need for temporary mobile buildings are given in Table. 4. At a construction site with less than 80 people working in the most numerous shift, there must be at least the following sanitary facilities: dressing rooms with wash basins; showers, medical center, for drying and dedusting clothes; for heating, rest and eating; foreman; toilet; women's personal hygiene.
5.3. Calculation of water demand for construction needs. Temporary water supply at the construction site is intended to meet industrial, household needs and fire fighting. The required water flow (l / s) is determined by the formula: Q \u003d P well +0.5 (R b + R pr), where R b, R pr, R pzh - water consumption, respectively, for domestic, industrial needs and for firefighting, l / s. Water consumption for domestic needs is made up of: R 1 b - water consumption for washing, eating and other household needs; R 2 b - water consumption for taking a shower. Water consumption for domestic needs is determined by the formulas: R 1 b \u003d N * b * K 1 / 8 * 3600, R 2 b \u003d N * a * K 2 / t * 3600, where N is the estimated number of personnel per shift; b - the rate of water consumption per 1 person per shift (in the absence of sewerage, 10-15 liters are taken, in the presence of sewerage, 20-25 liters); a - water consumption rate per person using a shower (in the absence of sewerage - 30 - 40 l, in the presence of sewerage - 80 l); K 1 - coefficient of uneven water consumption (taken in the amount of 1.2-1.3); K 2 - coefficient taking into account the number of washers - from the largest number of workers per shift (taken in the amount of 0.3 - 0.4); 8 - the number of hours of work per shift; t is the operating time of the shower installation in hours (assume 0.75 h). P 1 b \u003d 78 * 20 * 1.2 / 8 * 3600 \u003d 0.029 l / s; P 2 b \u003d 78 * 80 * 0.3 / 0.75 * 3600 \u003d 0.31 l / s; R b \u003d R 1 b + R 2 b \u003d 0.029 + 0.31 \u003d 0.339 l / s. Water consumption for production needs is determined by the formula: R pr \u003d 1.2 * K 3 ∑q / n * 3600 where 1.2 is the coefficient for unaccounted for water costs; Kz - coefficient of non-uniformity of water consumption (assumed to be 1.3-1.5); n is the number of hours of work per shift; q - total water consumption per shift in liters for all production needs that do not coincide with the time of work (according to the work schedule). R pr \u003d 1.2 * 1.3 * 800000 / 8 * 3600 \u003d 43.3 Water consumption for fire extinguishing is determined depending on the area of the site, taken according to the construction plan, equal to 10 l / s. Required water flow Q= 10+0.5(0.339+43.3)=31.81 l/s Based on the calculations, the diameter of the pipeline is determined by the formula: D=(4*Q*1000/πv) 1/2 where Q is the total water consumption for domestic, industrial and fire-fighting needs, l / s; v is the speed of water movement through the pipeline, m/s (we take v=2 m/s). D \u003d (4 * 31.81 * 1000 / 3.14 * 2) 1/2 \u003d 142.34 mm. Estimated diameter of the pipeline is 142.34 mm. The diameter of the water supply network is assumed to be 150 mm. (V=1.39; 1000i=23.3) 5.4. Calculation of the required electricity and selection of the required power of transformers. Electricity in construction is spent on power consumers, technological processes, indoor lighting of temporary buildings, outdoor lighting of work sites, warehouses, access roads and construction areas. The calculation of the need for electrical energy is given in Table. 5. Table 5: The required electricity and power of the transformer are calculated by the formula: P trans \u003d a * (K 1 ∑ P with / cosφ 1 + K 2 * ∑ P mech / cos φ 2 + K 3 * ∑ R v.o. + K 4 * ∑ R n. o.) where a is a coefficient that takes into account losses in the network; depending on the network length, a=1. 05-1.1; ∑R s - the sum of the rated powers of all power plants, kW; ∑P mech - the sum of the rated powers of the devices involved in the technological processes, kW; ∑P v.o. - total power of interior lighting fixtures, kW; ∑Р but - the total power of outdoor lighting fixtures, kW; cosφ 1 , cosφ 2 - respectively, power factors depending on the load, power and technological needs; accepted respectively: 0.6 and 0.75; K 1, K 2, Kz, K 4 - respectively, the survey coefficients, taking into account mismatch of loads of consumers and accepted: K 1 =0.5, K 2 =0.7, Kz=0.8, K 4 =1.0. P trans \u003d 1.1 * (0.5 * 72 / 0.6 + 0, 7 * 70 / 0.75 + 0, 8 * 0.9 + 1.0 * 4) \u003d 1 43 kW In accordance with the obtained power value, we select a transformer. We choose a complete mobile transformer substation KTPP-58-320 5.5. Calculation of the need for compressed air. Compressed air at the construction site is necessary to ensure the operation of devices (including jackhammers, perforators, pneumatic rammers, hand-held pneumatic tools for cleaning the surface from dust, etc.) Compressed air sources are stationary compressor stations, and most often mobile ones. compressor units. The calculation of the need for compressed air is made from the operating conditions of the minimum number of devices connected to one compressor. The power of the required compressor unit is calculated by the formula: where 1.3 - coefficient taking into account network losses; ∑q- total air consumption by devices, m3/min; K - the coefficient of simultaneity of the operation of the devices, taken during the operation of 6 devices - 0.8. Q \u003d 1.3 * 0.8 * 12.4 \u003d 12.9 m 3 / min The capacity of the receiver is determined by the formula: V \u003d K √ Q \u003d 0.4 * √ 2.9 \u003d 1.44 m 3 where K is a coefficient depending on the compressor power and taken for mobile compressors - 0.4; Q - power of the compressor unit, m 3 / min. We accept PKS-5 compressor units (selection according to the reference book), in the amount of 3 pieces. The diameter of the distributing pipeline is determined by the formula: D = 3.18√Q=3.18*√12.9=11.4mm where Q is the calculated air flow, m 3 / min. The resulting value is rounded to the nearest standard diameter, and 15 mm is selected. 5.6. Determining the need for oxygen. 4400 m 3 - for the oxygen demand of housing and communal services. In one cylinder (40 l.) - 6.0 m 3 oxygen. 734 cylinders are needed. 8.7 Calculation of heat demand. At construction sites, heat is consumed for heating buildings and greenhouses, for technological needs (for example, steaming reinforced concrete structures in winter time, steam heating of frozen soils, etc.) Heat consumption for heating temporary buildings Q \u003d qV (t in -t n) * a, Q 1 \u003d 0.45 * 13827.04 * (22-(-9)) * 0.9 \u003d 173.598 * 10 3 kJ Q 2 \u003d 0.8 * 549 * (22-(-9)) * 0.9 \u003d 51.46 * 10 3 kJ. where q is the specific thermal characteristic of the building; kcal / m 3. .h.grad. for temporary buildings it is taken equal to 0.8 kcal / m 3 .h.g.; for capital residential and public buildings taken equal to 0.45 kcal / m 3 .h.grad.; a- coefficient taking into account the influence of the calculated outdoor temperature on q (1.45-0.9) V- volume of the building in terms of external volume, m 3 t in - calculated internal temperature t n - calculated outdoor temperature Heat consumption for technological goals is determined each time by special calculations, based on the given volumes of work, the period of work, the adopted modes or by the specific heat consumption per unit volume or product according to the available reference data. The total amount of heat is determined by summing up the heat costs for individual needs, taking into account the inevitable heat losses in the network in kcal and converted to kJ (1kcal-4.2kJ): Q total \u003d (Q 1 + Q 2) * K 1 * K 2, Q total \u003d (173.598 * 10 3 + 51.46 * 10 3) * 1.5 * 1.1 \u003d 371.346 * 10 3 kJ. Where Q 1 is the amount of heat for heating buildings and greenhouses, kcal / h. Q 1 - the same, for technical needs; K 1 - coefficient taking into account heat losses in the network (approximately, you can take K = 1.15); K 2 - coefficient providing for an addition to unaccounted for heat costs, taken as K = 1.10. 8.8 Calculation of the need for storage space. A set of issues related to the organization of warehouse management includes the determination of stocks of materials and the calculation of the area of warehouses. Stocks of materials Where Q is the amount of material required to perform this type of work; T is the estimated duration of the work, days; n - material stock rate (when transporting material by road, it is taken equal to 2-5 days); K - coefficient taking into account uneven supply, taken equal to 1.2. P 1 \u003d (1597.1 / 64) * 3 * 1.2 \u003d 89 The required warehouse area is determined based on the expression: S=(P/r*KII)*n*K, Where P is the amount of material to be stored; r is the rate of storage of material per 1 m 2 of area; K II - coefficient taking into account passes. S \u003d (27 / 6 * 0.5) * 3 * 1.2 \u003d 32.4 m 2
A COMMON PARTA COMMON PART The standard structure and norms for the number of engineering and technical workers and employees are intended for use in construction and installation and repair and construction departments and self-supporting sections of the industry. I. General guidance II. Production and technical. III. Occupational health and safety. IV. Repair and energy service. V. Technical and economic planning. VI. Organization of labor and wages. VII. Accounting and financial activity. IX. Selection, placement and training of personnel. X. Paperwork and economic services. XI. Design and organizational (design and estimate) work. The annual volume of work performed on its own, taking into account the correction factors for the types of work provided for by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Labor and the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of March 16, 1971 N 88/8 to classify organizations as a group for remuneration of managers and engineering and technical workers. The scope of work excludes amounts attributable to regional coefficients to wages, northern allowances and costs for procurement and storage work, million rubles; TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION AND REPAIR AND CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENTS
When establishing the structure of the management apparatus, construction and installation and repair and construction organizations must be guided by the following conditions: STANDARDS FOR THE NUMBER OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES OF CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION AND REPAIR AND CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENTS1. General guidanceJob titles: chief, Chief Engineer, Deputy Chief. 2. Production and technicalJob titles: head of department, senior engineer, engineer, technician.
3. Occupational health and safety Job titles: senior engineer for labor protection and safety, engineer for labor protection and safety. |
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