Internet use in history. The history of the emergence of the global Internet. Common "language" and IP protocol

08.07.2020

In our life, it often happens that we use some useful inventions with great pleasure, but at the same time we have no idea when and by whom they were created. The same goes for the Internet. Most of us cannot imagine our life without the Global Network, we use it every day for work, study, entertainment, communication and simply searching for the necessary information. But how many people know the history of the creation of the Internet? Find out how it was by reading the article.

War and network

It is not known how soon the prerequisites for the creation of the Internet could have arisen if it were not for the "cold war" and the "arms race" that took place between the US and the USSR. As one of the results of the confrontation between the two influential states, a project of the US Department of Defense called the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) appeared. This organization was tasked with developing a computer network through which secret data could be transferred in the event of a major war. However, this reason has not been officially confirmed by anyone.

The first scientist who spoke about the possibility of creating such a network was J. Licklider from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who wrote as early as 1962 about a project he called the Galactic Network. This idea of the scientist was very close to what is currently understood as the Internet. However, the concept existed so far only in theory. Ahead were the most important steps: the search for technical capabilities and algorithms for its implementation, as well as years of experimentation in an attempt to achieve a positive result. Thus began the long history of the creation of the Internet.

Elemental research

The development of a unique computer communication was based on the concept of a packet network, the authors of which were the British physicists Donald Davis and Roger Scantlebury. Gradually it became known that in the period from 1961 to 1967, more and more specialists from the United States and Great Britain joined the work on the project, not knowing about each other. As a result, one of scientific conferences became aware of parallel studies.

It is significant that these first developments were created quite freely and spontaneously, with minimal control of the governments of both countries. And subsequently, the creator of the Internet, Tim Berners-Lee, noted: "We could not do anything like this if it was under the control of the state from the very beginning." Saying "we", the computer genius meant, among other things, his predecessors who created the ARPANET network.

significant day

The first successful connection was made in 1969. At that time, an ARPANET server was located at the University of California, Los Angeles, and attempts began to establish a connection between two cities: Los Angeles and Stanford, the distance between which was 640 km. It was necessary to remotely connect to another computer on the network and send a written message, and a phone was used to confirm the transmission. The experiment was carried out by university scientists Charlie Kline and his colleague Bill Duvall.

So, the year of the creation of the Internet is 1969, the day is October 29, the time is 22.30. It was then that it was possible to completely transfer the short word log (short for login, as the password for logging in to the system later became known) over a network of two computers. Thus began a long history of the creation and development of the Internet, which continues to this day.

Soon after that success, already in 1971, the first program for sending e-mail appeared. The innovation turned out to be extremely popular, and began to quickly gain popularity in the United States. In addition, in the 70s of the XX century, the history of the creation of the Internet was marked by the emergence and development of such systems as bulletin boards, mailing lists to e-mail boxes and newsgroups.

Computers of all networks, unite

At the same time, computer technology developers were working on creating a single protocol that could unite all existing disparate networks into a single whole. The head of this large-scale project was the American inventor Robert Kahn. It was he, together with Vinton Cerf and other colleagues, who developed TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol - Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol), which is still used to connect computers into a single network. For this invention, Kahn and Cerf received the unofficial titles of the "fathers" of the Internet.

The main principles of the protocol they developed are as follows:

connection occurs without internal changes in the network;
retransmission of unreached information;
use of gateways and routers;
lack of a common control system.

By 1983, the ARPANET was completely transferred to the TCP / IP protocol, after which it changed its name to the Internet, which is familiar to the modern ear. However, over time, this name was assigned to the newly formed network NSFNet, which turned out to be more popular and by 1990 had replaced its competitor.

In the same 1983, the DNS (Domain Name System) was developed - a system of domain names. Thus, the history of the creation of the Internet has taken another huge step forward.

The web is woven

And yet it was far from the Internet we know today. Yes, there was already e-mail, mailing programs, bulletin boards, and even (in 1988) the first chat room, allowing netizens to communicate in real time. However, there was no what we now call the World Wide Web - an inexhaustible source of information, consisting of many web pages interconnected by hyperlinks. All this was developed and launched only in 1989, primarily due to the work of a famous scientist from the UK. It was Tim Berners-Lee who developed the HTTP protocol, the HTML hypertext markup language, URLs for websites - in a word, everything without which it is impossible to imagine the functioning of the Internet at the present stage.

If we draw an analogy with other great inventions, we can say that theorists and experimenters with the ARPANET discovered electricity, and the creator of the Internet, Berners-Lee and his colleagues, developed the first electrical appliances.

Websites and browsers

But the development process did not end there, but only continued at an accelerated pace. 1991 - the year of the creation of the first Internet site located at: info.cern.ch. The World Wide Web has become ubiquitous by launching cherished dream Berners-Lee's vision to ensure that everyone on the planet can take advantage of the power of the Internet. Gradually, more and more web servers and sites began to appear, which were based on software created by the British computer genius.

Since 1993, the first browsers (Mosaic, Internet Explorer and others) began to appear, more and more people around the world connected to the Internet, and the number of sites increased to hundreds of thousands.

Internet in the USSR and Russia

The first communication channel with the World Wide Web was laid in 1982, being used exclusively for scientific purposes - to access the archives of the main European libraries. It was only in 1989 that expansion began so that ordinary citizens could gain access. A year later, the first Relcom network appeared, and the su domain was registered for websites Soviet Union. News and other information began to spread through the network, as well as communication between participants, including those separated by the ocean.

World Wide Web Today

Already by 1997, the history of the creation of the Internet was almost completed, and the global network became approximately the same as we know it today. But the difference is that at that time only 10 million computers were connected to the Internet, and now the figure has reached 1.2 billion.

No previous means of communication has achieved such stunning results in such a short time.

The current trend in the development of the Internet is its distribution in the developing countries of the world, as well as access through a variety of devices: communication satellites, radio channels, cable TV, telephone and cellular, electric wires and dedicated lines.

Today, millions of people around the world cannot imagine their lives without the Internet. Indeed, through this system, the knowledge created by mankind during its history becomes the property of everyone, regardless of their location and social status. In addition, the Internet allows you to establish contacts between people living on different continents, and organize the interaction of various government, commercial, educational and public institutions. And this is just a short list of the possibilities of one of the greatest inventions of mankind, which is just over 45 years old. That is why the history of the development of the Internet is of great interest, as it is unique example ultra-fast introduction of the latest achievements of science in the field of practical solution of problems related to communications.

background

To this day, disputes about what event began the history of the development of the Internet do not subside. Although romantic scientists propose to count from the appearance in 1962 of the books of J. Licklider, where he presented his concept of the “Galactic Network”, most researchers tend to believe that such an event was the launch of the first artificial satellite of the Earth. The fact is that this event caused concern among representatives of the US Department of Defense, who saw it as a direct threat to the security of their country. As a result, it was decided to start developing a new reliable information transmission system that could ensure uninterrupted communication between various government agencies and army units in the event of a war with the USSR.

Scientists from leading US universities were involved in the creation of a new network, called ARPANET, and the Pentagon took over their funding. By the way, among them was J. Licklider, who got the opportunity to put his ideas into practice.

First session of computer communication

The history of the development of the Internet is also a story about how a person managed to make computers “communicate” located at great distances from each other. In particular, many consider October 29, 1969, the date of the creation of the Internet, when the first communication session was held between the nodes of the network connecting computers located at a distance of 640 km at the Stanford Research Institute and at the University of California.

The first person to connect remotely to a computer was Charlie Kline, assisted by Stanford-based Bill Duvall, and the first word transmitted was the three-character combination "LOG". More precisely, the purpose of the experiment was to transmit the word “LOGON”, but the connection stopped after the third entered character, and the entire word was transmitted only late in the evening. A corresponding entry was made about these events in the working journal of the research group, which today is stored in the museum, where photos and documents related to the creation of the World Wide Web are collected. Thus, for those who are interested in the history of the development of the Internet, the pictures depicting the exhibits of this collection will help to imagine how everything happened more than 40 years ago. In addition, they can see those whose work allowed humanity, without exaggeration, to enter a new era of its development.

The history of the development of the Internet: “fathers-creators”

The World Wide Web emerged as a result of the collective work of many scientists and engineers. The names of most of them, most likely, will remain unknown, however, some individuals were recognized as the fathers of the Internet during their lifetime.

In addition to the already named J. Licklider, Winton Cerf claims this title, for whom, due to his advanced age, it is most suitable. He is the developer of the TCP / IP protocol stack, on which data transmission in the network has been built for many years. Two more patriarchs to whom the history of the development of the Internet and computer technology owes many of its important pages are Robert William Taylor, who was the first to combine four computers into a single network, and Leonard Kleinrock, who developed the principle of packet communications, which allows downloading media files.

Create an email

In 1972, there was a small revolution as email was invented. The author of the first simple program for sending and reading such short messages was Ray Tomlinson, and the purpose of creating this tool was more than prosaic - the “builders” of ARPANET needed to get a simple tool for coordinating work. The appearance of e-mail was a harbinger of such a phenomenon as chat, which today allows millions of people on different continents to communicate and get to know each other.

www

In 1989, Europe began to develop the concept of the World Wide Web, which was proposed by Tim Berners-Lee. He also took the lead in creating the HTTP protocol, the HTML language, and URIs. Thus, the history of the development of the global Internet network that began in America found its continuation in the Old World, where many well-known researchers from England, France, Germany, Belgium, Poland and other countries, including immigrants from the republics, had a hand in the development of new communication technologies. former USSR.

World Wide Web era

The emergence of the WWW almost coincided with the demise of the ARPANET, which gave way to the National Science Foundation of Science Network (NSFNet) that had existed since 1984. By the way, despite the fact that this “ancestor of the Internet” has lost its leading position since 1995, it continues to fulfill its intended purpose, allowing the sharing of supercomputers located in different parts of the world for scientific purposes. In particular, according to the data of 2015, in our country some computers located at Moscow State University are connected to NSFNet.

The World Wide Web in the 21st Century

By the beginning of the new millennium, it became obvious that the Internet had become the most popular means of information transmission in the world. Suffice it to say that back in 1997, the network already united 10 million computers. The history of the development of the Internet (briefly) in the 21st century is a story of great achievements and records that were updated almost every year. In particular, according to the data of 2013, there are 2,405,510,175 people in the world who use the World Wide Web. Moreover, in 2010, the Internet also penetrated into space, as it began to be used on the ISS.

The prehistory of the emergence of the Internet in the USSR

Few people know that Soviet scientists created the first computer communication networks for military needs as early as 1952. In parallel with this, civilian systems were also being developed. In particular, in 1972, systems for the automated sale of air and railway tickets "Siren" and "Express" were launched.

Ten years later, clones of the UNIX operating system appeared in the USSR and the corresponding specialists were trained. It was the experience of these first domestic personnel that made it possible in the post-Soviet era to quickly deploy the nodes of Internet providers and combine them into networks.

Those who are interested in the history of the development of the Internet in our country should also remember another important date - 1989. It was then that the "Demos" cooperative began its work, whose employees were engaged in experiments on connecting their computers via modems to UNIX systems. As a result of their work, the first regular “bundles” of computers equipped with the appropriate equipment arose.

The history of the development of the Internet in Russia

One of the most important events in the history of Runet is April 7, 1994, when the national domain “.ru” was registered. Its administrator was the institution RosNIIROSP, which was created at the Kurchatov Institute. In general, this date is officially considered Runet Day and the professional holiday of workers in this area.

From that moment, the rapid development of the Russian Internet began, and today it has the following achievements:

in 2011, the Runet was recognized as the most powerful segment of the World Wide Web in Europe;
in the summer of 2012, researchers from Gallup found that half of the Russian population is Internet users;
a few months later, the Russian language took second place in the popularity rating of national sites;
at the moment, more than 1,000,000 pages have been filled in the “Russian” Wikipedia;
A 2014 study found that about half of Russians use the Internet every day.

Some interesting facts

Predictions that years later something would be invented in the world that would allow a person to gain access to the lion's share of the information accumulated by mankind appeared long before the telephone, and even more so the computer, appeared in everyday life. For example, when talking about the prehistory and history of the emergence and development of the Internet, one cannot fail to mention, for example, Academician Sakharov, who in 1974 in his work “The World in Half a Century” described in detail a system that quite closely resembles the World Wide Web . Another prediction was made back in 1945 by science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke, who wrote that it would soon be possible to communicate and conduct business via communications satellites.

That's the whole history of the development of the Internet (briefly) at the moment. Judging by the rapid growth in the number of users and the introduction of network technologies in all areas of our lives, it will soon have many new and interesting pages that will be of interest to people of the future.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. Surprisingly, there is no single answer to this question. I can say that the Internet appeared in 1969(his birthday is considered 29th of October), but I can say that he has been active in history only since 1991 or even 93. So when did he show up?

It just depends on what exactly you're asking. The fact is that in the history of the development of the Internet, two eras, the watershed between which can be called the appearance of the first browser (well, and the work of Tom Bernes-Lee, of course, without which no one would need this very browser).

You are most likely interested in the second era (pop), when the audience of this network began to grow at a monstrous pace, and not in the era when only people in uniform and gowns knew about the Internet (then there was no such term), and its audience even in the years of maximum distribution did not exceed ten thousand people (compare with today, when more than three billion people use the network).

In this case, the birthday of the Internet can be considered May 17, 1991 when the so-called appeared, i.e. what we call shortly today is the Internet, and where we boldly go using a browser. In general, this holiday is officially celebrated April, 4. Why? Read a couple of paragraphs below and find out (there must be at least some intrigue).

History of the Internet and who created it?

So, it all started in the distant sixties of the last century. Then the United States (the country of the progenitor of the Internet) was at the peak of its capabilities and a huge number of talented scientists worked and served there. It was they who, for military purposes, created the future prototype of today's Internet. It was called ARPANET and served for communication between various military facilities in the event of a nuclear war. Oh how!

As I mentioned just above, the date of birth of this network is considered. But there was nothing to do with what we now understand by the definition of the word Internet. However, the network was and it developed. Over time, she began to serve not only the military, but also scientists, linking the leading universities of the country. In 71, it was developed (I wrote about a little earlier), and a couple of years later the network was able to step over the ocean.

But as before, it was the lot of only selected scientists and a group of enthusiasts who used it for correspondence. Approximately ten years later (in 1983) a rather significant event took place - all the now known TCP / IP protocol was standardized. And in 1988, such a cimus thing as a chat (real-time correspondence) appeared, which was implemented on the basis of the IRC protocol (in Runet, the chat client was called “irka”, as I remember now, I have been for many years).

So, America turns out to have given impetus to the emergence of the Internet (in our modern sense), but the very idea of \u200b\u200bcreating the World Wide Web (WWW) was already born in Europe within the walls of the still well-known organization CERN (collider and other crap).

There was a British Tim Berners-Lee, who can be called the founding father of the Internet. Of course, he was not alone, but it was his two years of work on the creation of the HTML markup language, the HTTP protocol and everything else that was a turning point. This is what made the hypertext-based global network possible.

It was in the late eighties of the last century. And already in 1991, the worldwide web became available to everyone (the same second birthday of the Internet -). But this was not enough for this accessibility to grow into popularity. Why? Because there was no handy surfing tool yet.

And finally, in 1993 appeared the first truly popular browser because he was graphic, i.e. could display not only text, lists and tables, but also pictures! They called him Mosaic. In fact, he became the ancestor of all modern browsers (read about) and his popularity at that time was very great.

It was he who attracted millions of new users to the Internet, and I would consider this date to be the reporting point, when it came into the world real internet (accessible and understandable to all). On this fertile ground, millions of sites began to appear on the Internet like mushrooms, and people. In short, life has begun.

internet day

International Internet Day (despite all the above dates of its multiple birth) is usually celebrated April, 4. Why? Well, probably, because if you write the month (April) in numbers, you get 4.04 or the famous 404. These numbers have become to some extent calling card Internet, although they mean one of the many possible errors that the server issues when an emergency occurs.

It's just that this one catches the eye of users very often (this means that the page at this link was not found - deleted, moved, or the link was written with an error).

Often, 404 error pages are designed very entertainingly (one jaga-jaga is worth something) and these numbers are firmly planted in the minds of users, even if they do not always understand what is at stake.

It's very symbolic, in my opinion.

When did the Internet appear in Russia (Runet)?

Runet is a Russian-speaking segment of the Internet, i.e. there is an area where sites in Russian are located and any other services where this language is used for communication. Oddly enough, but in terms of popularity, the Russian language is in second place on the Internet (after English) and eats off quite a few 7 percent.

Moreover, the Runet itself appeared a little earlier than this term became commonly used. The Russian-language network began to form at about the same time as the bourgeoisie (the rest of the Internet, with the exception of Runet), namely, somewhere since 1991-93. The term "Runet" first came into use in 1997. They interpret its meaning in different ways (someone says that these are domains belonging to the ru zone, someone that it is the Russian Runet), but they agree that this is a place on the network where the Russian language is used (mainly Russia and neighboring countries abroad).

Well, we, dear readers, are residents of this very Russian-speaking part of the Internet (new reality). With what I congratulate you!

Good luck to you! See you soon on the blog pages site

How and when did the Internet appear

It happened over 50 years ago. Back in 1961, on the instructions of the US Department of Defense, DARPA (Advanced Research Agensy) began work on an experimental project to create a network between computers to transmit data packets. In the first version of the theoretical development of the predecessor of the modern World Wide Web, which was released in 1964 thanks to Paul Baran, it was argued that all network nodes should have the same status. Each node has the authority to originate, transmit, and receive messages from other computers. In this case, messages are divided into standardized elements, called "package". Each package is assigned an address, which ensures the correct and complete delivery of documents.

Paul Baran - thanks to which in 1964 the network appeared - the progenitor of the modern Internet

This network was called ARPANET, and it was intended to explore various options for ensuring the reliability of communication between different computers. It became the immediate predecessor of the Internet.

For eight years, DARPA worked on the project, and in 1969, the Department of Defense approved ARPANET as the leading research organization in the field of computer networks. Since that time, the nodes of the new network began to be created. The first such node was the UCLA Network Test Center, after which the Stanford research institute, a node of the University of Santa Barbara and the University of Utah, developed the UNIX operating system.

Already in next year ARPANET hosts used to exchange NCP. A year later, the network already had 15 nodes. 1972 is the year in which the addressing design teams were created to harmonize different protocols. At the same time, TCP / IP data transfer protocols were developed.

In 1973, the first international connections were made. The countries that entered the ARPANET network were England and Norway. The ARPANET project turned out to be so successful that soon many organizations in the USA, England and Norway wished to join it. Already after 2 years, ARPANET outgrew the name of the "experimental" network, and became a full-fledged working network. Since that time, responsibility for administering the ARPANET has been taken over by the Defense Communications Agency, which today is called the Defense Information Systems Agency.

DISA - Defense Information Systems Agency - information systems defense agency

But the development of ARPANET didn't stop there; TCP / IP data transfer protocols have evolved and improved. After some time, this protocol was adapted to public standards, after which the term Internet became generally accepted and entered into everyday communication.

The history of the Internet is just beginning. In 1976, they developed the UUCP protocol, and three years later they launched USENET, which works on the basis of UUCP.

The US Department of Defense in 1983 declared TCP / IP as its standard. Also in the same year, an announcement was made that ARPANET had completed its research phase. At the same time, MILNET spun off from ARPANET.

1984 was the year the DNS system was introduced, and the total number of hosts exceeded 1,000. The following year, NFS was created, the purpose of which was to build a network that would connect all the national computer centers. The formation of CSNET accelerated significantly in 1986, when they began to create supercomputer centers. The result of hard work was the NSFNET network, the data packet rate of which was 56 Kbps. The network was based on 5 supercomputing centers located in NCSA, Princeton, UCSD, Pittsburgh and Cornell University.

By 1987, the number of hosts had crossed over 10,000. And in 1988, NSFNET began using the T1 channel. At the same time, countries such as Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, France, Sweden and Finland joined NSFNET. The next year, the number of hosts became more than 100 thousand. At the same time, the UK, Germany, Japan, Austria, Italy, Israel joined the network, New Zealand, Netherlands, Mexico. In 1990, Russia joined the World Wide Web.

Despite the fact that in 1991 the ARPANET company ceased to exist, the worldwide Internet network did not die along with its creator, but, on the contrary, became even larger, united many networks into one huge bundle of connections. Since that time, the NSFNET network began to use T3 links for operation, which provided a data transfer rate of 44.736 Mbps. At the initiative of the NSF, in 1993 they created InetNIC, in which domain names were registered. Since 1994, trading activities have begun via the Internet.

In the same year, the Internet celebrated its 25th anniversary. This year, Vladimir Levin (a Russian hacker) attacked the American Citibank. This showed the whole world that network security is not 100%, and new developments of various data security systems on the network began.

In addition, in 1994 there were two more important events that cannot be ignored. The first event is the development of access protection tools, the second is the licensing of the Mosaic browser, the Mosaic Communication Corporation, founded by James Clark. This year, traffic on the World Wide Web has exceeded 10 gigabytes / month.

The following year, NSFNET made domain name registrations free of charge. Since September 14, 1995, the registration fee has been $50. And in April of the same year, NSFNET ceased to exist. As a result of rapid growth in 1995, the network reached the level of six million connected servers. At the same time, the AltaVista search engine was launched and RealAudio technology appeared. The first variants of IP-telephony also began to appear.

In 1996, a tacit competition began between Netscape and Internet Explorer browsers. And in the world this year there were already 12.8 million hosts and 500 thousand sites.

1997 was a serious test for the entire web system. An Internet bug at DNS Network Solutions resulted in the blocking of access to millions of commercial .

A few years later, namely in 1999, a new global network called Internet 2, or the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, came into operation. With the advent of the new company, they changed the 32-bit representation system to 128-bit.

In the same year, the first attempt to censor the Internet was made. State bodies some countries - China, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the countries of the former USSR have made serious efforts to technically block user access to certain sites and servers with political, religious or pornographic content.

In 2001, the number of users of the World Wide Web exceeded 530 million. The following year, this number increased to 689 million people.

Today, almost all possible communication lines are used on the Internet, ranging from low-speed telephone lines to high-speed digital satellite channels. The operating systems used on the Internet also differ.

Internet in Russia

The Internet entered Russia in the early 1990s. In those years, a number of universities began to build their own computer networks. On the basis of the Institute of Atomic Energy. Kurchatov, two commercial companies were formed that provided services for connecting to the Internet.

In 1993, a strong impetus for the development of the Internet in Russia was given by the "Telecommunications Program" from the International Science Foundation.

The following year, within the framework of the state program “Universities of Russia”, a direction was allocated for the creation of a federal university computer network. The network went into operation in 1995. In 1996-98, a backbone network was built for science and higher education.

At the same time, networks of commercial suppliers emerged and developed. Initially, they focused on connecting organizations.

In 1998, Rostelecom formed the Relcom-DS company together with Relcom. Today it is the most major supplier Internet services in Russia.

To date, the Internet already has a huge database of information in Russian. According to sociologists, at the end of 1998 in Russia about 1.5 million people were Internet users, more than half of these users lived outside of Moscow. In 1999, the number of users exceeded 5 million.

Online programs

To fully work with the Internet, there are a number of programs that are popular today. And the successful use of the World Wide Web is possible only if right choice quality software. It is worth noting that it is impossible to give universal advice on this matter, since everything depends on the configuration of your computer, the specifics of your interests and operating system with which you are working. Also, another reason due to which it is impossible to assert with certainty about the full quality of a particular program is the constant development of the Internet. Almost every day there are new standards or new methods for their implementation.

But, in any case, all Internet software is divided (conditionally) into several groups:

Browsers - Microsoft Internet Explorer, Opera, Google Chrome and others;
Mail programs are special programs that work to send, receive, view and sort e-mail;
Programs for communication - these programs provide the ability to conduct real-time negotiations on the Web. It can be text mode, audio or video exchange: ICQ, Odigo, Skype, IPhone, EasyTalk, etc.;
Programs for working with files.

Naturally, this list of Internet software is not limited, it is constantly updated and expanded.

What you need to network

In order to work on the World Wide Web, you need to connect to it. Today there are several ways to connect to the Internet. These are different types of connections with different connection speeds and prices.

Modem. A modem connects to the Internet via a standard telephone line. This connection is quite unreliable, although relatively cheap. Modem communication requires a telephone line and an internal or external modem.

ISDN. This is a communication line that is very similar to a regular telephone line, with only one difference - it is completely digital and can provide much higher speed, unlike a modem. To work, you need either an ISDN modem or an ISDN adapter and an NT-1 connector.

frame relay- Frame relaying. This is a permanent line of communication, a reliable connection to the Internet. To establish such a connection, you must have an appropriate computer board and a frame relay line.

Dedicated line. This is a technology similar to frame relay, but in this case, the connection is established between two points. For a permanent connection to the Internet, a leased line is the best choice.

Tasks of the World Wide Web

The Internet, as a worldwide network, has several main objectives to satisfy its consumers. The Internet implements its main functions:

Email. This is the simplest and most useful feature. Too many users of the World Wide Web use only email. You can exchange messages, send files, .
File transfer. Another indispensable and indeed one of the best features of the Internet is the ability to transfer files from one computer to another.
Remote access.

What is the importance of the Internet for modern users

It is difficult to imagine a PC user who would not use the Internet. But what is the purpose of this? The main idea of the Internet is the free distribution of information. Thanks to the Internet, racial, religious, and ideological barriers between people or countries are overcome.

The Internet can easily be called one of the most impressive democratic achievements of the technological process.

Today, the Internet actively serves as:

Decision making tool. All the information the Internet brings together in an organization. Now there is no need to collect disparate data, to filter them out.
Learning organization tool. Thanks to the Internet, information is exchanged almost instantly, so it is now possible to analyze information and make decisions much faster.
The Internet is also a perfect communication tool. It ensures the integration of all divisions of the corporation.
Collaboration tool.
Expert tool.
A single tool for inventions.
Phone of the 21st century.
A tool to control and improve the production cycle.
Partner tool. There is no longer a company that does not have its own page on the World Wide Web. Thanks to the Internet, you can exchange information with your people, as well as control the conduct of services, communicate with customers.
Marketing tool.
Human resource tool.

A look into the future of the Internet

During these half a century from the beginning of its creation to the present day, the Internet has appeared, grown and changed a lot. And it continues to change even today. The Internet was conceived in an era of another time, and was able to survive in the era of personal computers, client-server and computer networks. Moreover, it not only survived, but also became an integral part of any PC. The Internet was developed, even before local networks began to exist, it became their prototype and hit not only local network but also global.

It is not difficult to give at least a short-term forecast for the development of the Internet now, as well as to name the technologies that will become popular in the near future. It is much more difficult to find out which fundamentally new technology will replace the Internet, and will it come. The future of technology is now unpredictable, but it may well happen that this technology will fundamentally change the entire face of the computer world.

This refers to the end of the era of the Internet in its modern form. It can be replaced by the World Wide Web - a giant supercomputer that offers not data transfer services, but a slightly different principle of operation. Instead of a familiar personal computer, the user will be offered an adapter remote access, which connects to a monitor, mouse, phone, or other peripherals. At the same time, providers will turn from service providers into holders of multiprocessor mainframes.

But, it is worth noting that the technology of a new generation of a single computing network with terminal access has a number of undeniable advantages:

the average user has no problems associated with the purchase, installation, operation, configuration, etc. hardware;
the presence of payment only for the actual use of the software, and not an advance payment for services and resources may be unclaimed;
professional solution to the problem of information security, as well as ensuring privacy;
software availability;
transition to a new level of resource utilization.

Naturally, the deployment of such technology requires the solution of a huge number of technical problems.

Good afternoon friends. Now most of the houses in our country have computers. We are so used to them that they become an integral part of the house. Many people without the Internet do not see the meaning of their existence.

People are already accustomed to, if something is unknown, you need to look on the Internet. How to make a veranda - Look it up on the internet. What will the weather be like soon? Also, the internet will tell you easily.

When did the Internet appear, and in what year? Most users find it difficult to answer about this, despite the fact that it has become so firmly established in our lives. But, let's then, let's try to deal with this issue?

So, what is the Internet, or global network? I would call it a community of computers connected to each other through special cables or using wave connections. Computers can range from small in size, like Pocket PCs, to huge in size, with a whole lot of knowledge, processing quite a lot of information.

The history of the Internet is quite interesting. But what is she? When did the world wide web appear? The story of the appearance of the global network begins with the first computer. I already wrote an article - ? But, about the first appearance of the Internet, I have not yet mentioned.

When did the Internet appear

The prerequisites for the emergence of the worldwide network originate in the 50s of the last century. We can say that the Internet began to emerge with the beginning of the Cold War. In the 1950s, the USSR, in opposition to the United States, began to create its own intercontinental missiles.

These missiles could deliver a nuclear charge to the territory of America. This made the Americans very worried. They began to think about lightning-fast data transmission devices if a war broke out.

At that time, the ARPA agency was responsible for creating new technologies for the US Army. It also gave the idea to the US government to use networked computers for this. The nodes of this network were located in special rooms that would not fail if one or more of them were destroyed. Of course, all this was controlled by the Pentagon.

4 companies were commissioned to create such a network: - The University of Utah, the University of Los Angeles, the California and Stanford Research Center.

The American Department of Defense followed these studies and also dealt with their finances. The basis for the emergence of the Internet was the technology that was created by US engineer Leonard Clayton in 1961.

Its essence is that information flows were divided into packets (sequence) through a special network, and their chain can be transmitted through the network. At the same time, there are alternate routes between the 2 nodes. If one refuses, the information will go to another.

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What year did the Internet appear

Tests have begun. One of the first passed on October 29, 1969. Two PCs located 640 km apart were connected to each other. Moreover, the first computer was at Stanford University, and the second, at California. Communication cables were rented from the telephone company.

creators of the ARPANET

The connection speed was 56 Kbps. The essence of the experiment: - one of the employees of Charlie Kline from Los Angeles sent the word LOGIN. The other, Bill Duvall of Stanford, was supposed to see it on his screen and relay it over the phone.

At nine in the evening they made their first attempt, but Charlie Kline managed to send only 3 LOG characters. Half past eleven, the experiment was repeated once more. And he succeeded! Bill Duval saw the word LOGIN perfectly.

To the question - when the Internet appeared, you can answer 10/29/69! It's like his birthday! This network was called ARPANET. By the end of 1969, all these universities were combined into one network.

Hence, in connection with the development of a packet switching network, a fast and high-quality digital communication was created, based on telephone lines. ARPANET was not only the ancestor of codes and files for the military, but also became something of a springboard for other networks.

But the history of the global network continued, and in 1971 a certain Ray Tomlinson created e-mail and wrote a program thanks to which people could write letters to each other on the Internet. Tomlinson also created the @ (dog) icon. This sign is still part of any email address.

Interesting fact! @ sign in different countries it is called differently - the Greeks call it a little duck, the Germans - a hanging monkey, the Danes - an appendage of an Elephant, and so on.

The first international connection took place in 1972. Computers from Norway and Great Britain were connected. In the same year, a satellite connection was launched with a university in Hawaii. The number of hosts in 1977 became 100.

Internet protocol TCP/IP

The next major event happened in 1983. In this year, ARPANET changed the transmission of information from NCP to TCP / IP. This protocol for transmitting and receiving information is still used today.

TCP - deals with the transformation of messages into a stream of information on the side that transmits data. Then he also collects packets back into messages, only on the side that receives.

IP - deals with the management of packet addresses. IP sends them in the right directions between different nodes of the global network and allows the association of various networks.

When the IP (Internet Protocol) protocol appeared, the name internet acquired the worldwide status of a huge association of many computers for internet communication.

Since the mid-eighties, the NSFNET network began its creation, which united a huge number of PCs located in different universities in America. Along with this, other networks began to be created, such as CSNET, BITNET and so on. Around the mid-nineties, the ARPANET network was eliminated, while the servers of this network were connected to other networks.

When did the Internet appear in Russia

In the Russian Federation, the Kurchatov Institute (Institute of Atomic Energy) was the first of the institutes to be connected to the global network in the early eighties. Also, in the nineties, a UNIX network was created - RELCOM. This network was connected DEMOS and IAE.

DEMOS was created at the end of the winter of 1989 in order to develop software and create new local networks of computers. This network has been connected to the European UNIX EUnet since August of the same year.

It is the first commercial company in the Soviet Union to establish data exchange with Western networks.

When did the abbreviation WWW appear?

WWW stands for World Wide Web, which means World Wide Web. This is a very important stage in the creation of the Internet. It was created in 1991. Its basis is the use of hypertext.

Hypertext is a text containing a link to another fragment of this text (Web - page) of the same document or to another document. When a person clicks on such a link, the browser or other program takes the user to the piece of text to which it directs him.

Who Invented the World Wide Web

It was invented by Briton Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cayo. In history, it was Tim who made the first server. He also created the first browser. Tim used hypertext links to better navigate the web.

Who created the first website

I think you have already guessed that the first site was created by the same Tim Berners-Lee. He created it in the ninetieth year. The site had the address http://info.cern.ch/ .

What did the first browser look like?

The creation of the WWW service and browsers that can display Web pages on a PC has led to a real boom in the global network. The GUI browser appeared in 1993. It was the first browser of its kind and was called NCSA Mosaic.

All these discoveries and inventions, especially the WWW, created the conditions for connecting the mass user to the Internet. Nowadays, everyone can travel through the expanses of the world wide web. The number of people using the Internet is increasing exponentially.

When the Internet appeared, in what year, you now know. I wish you success!

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