The boom in the construction of apartments fell on a period of time about 40 years ago. The layout was not thought out to the smallest detail then, which is why many bathrooms in the average apartment are very small. The competent design of a small bathroom will help to decorate this room elegantly and tastefully, as well as visually expand the space through original techniques.
The first thing you should start repairing a bathroom with is the placement of plumbing and the placement of a washing machine. You can do this in several ways:
- Draw a similar diagram and put your ideas on paper.
- Find an interior design program on the Internet, enter the dimensions of the room, as well as the toilet, sink, bath or shower, washing machine. The screen will clearly show where it is more convenient to place this or that object.
- Solve this issue, being directly in the apartment. All design programs are good, but it is not always possible to move the toilet or bathtub to another place, even a couple of meters.
But still, even the smallest bathroom can have several options for arranging furniture and plumbing. If you are ready to spend significant funds, then you can transfer communications almost anywhere in the room. An excellent solution to increase the usable area is to replace the bathtub with a shower cabin. Particularly compact corner models that occupy a minimum area.
For those who cannot imagine their life without a bathtub, a great example of saving space is:
- shower cabin with a deep tray;
- sitting bath;
- corner bath.
The corner model of an acrylic bathtub will take up one and a half times less space than a standard one.
Selection and placement of furniture
Furniture for a small bathroom should be chosen very carefully. Give preference to built-in cabinets and shelves, as they save space. Usually the place above the toilet or under the sink is used extremely rarely. However, here you can place functional cabinets or shelves. If you arrange them accordingly, they will only decorate a small bathroom.
The set of furniture should be minimal. It is quite understandable that the owners of the apartment want to place everything necessary in the bathroom, including home care products, towels and other trifles. If you cannot do this without cluttering up the space, it is better to abandon this idea, otherwise it is quite possible to spoil the design of a small bathroom.
A washing machine does not have to be placed in the bathroom. You can find a place for it in the kitchen, in the hallway or in the pantry. If there is a separate toilet, sometimes a washing machine is placed there.
doors
As you know, doors can hide a lot of usable space. If the door opens inward, change direction. In this way, you can achieve an increase in space inside the premises. 
The best solution for any bathroom is to install a sliding door with or without a small window. It will save space not only inside the bathroom, but also in the corridor. The cost of such a model is much higher, but it is very convenient to use and decorates the interior.
Design style
Among modern styles ideas such as modern, hi-tech, minimalism are most suitable for decorating a small bathroom.
Categorically not suitable for the design of small bathrooms are classic style, Provence, romanticism, vintage, antiquity, empire and other options with an abundance of small details. The minimalistic concept is the best solution.
Modern style
Rooms decorated in Art Nouveau style are characterized by rationality, practicality and functionality. This is good example a small-sized bathroom, since even in the smallest room of Khrushchev it is possible to achieve a feeling of spaciousness and fullness of light.
This interior has its own characteristic features:
- Newest technologies, modern materials, Appliances latest generation;
- Light ceilings that can be done on different levels. The ideal option is to equip the ceiling with a window, but this will not work for the inhabitants of Khrushchev;
- Chandeliers and lamps of strict geometric shapes with bright bulbs;
- The use of porcelain stoneware as a floor covering. If the rest of the surfaces are finished in light colors, dark colors are acceptable;
- The walls are decorated in pastel colors. The advantage is given to white, gray, light green colors of the tile. Smooth glossy tiles can visually enlarge the space;
- Pronounced zoning of the room. You can divide a room into functional zones in different ways: a play of color, a multi-level ceiling, a door or a partition with a window to separate the toilet;
- The most suitable for the Art Nouveau style are square-shaped sinks and bathtubs, as well as a toilet bowl with a cistern built into the wall.
If modern seems boring to you, add some bright accents. Example: bath rug or towel in the same color scheme.
Hi-tech style
It must be said right away that this style of bathroom design is not for everyone. He is distinguished by coldness, restraint and even asceticism. It does not meet the traditional ideas of comfort and coziness, but allows you to create a very original interior even in a small-sized Khrushchev.
Like modern, high-tech involves the use of modern and practical materials. In the decoration, glass, metal, stone are used to the maximum, carbon fiber, technogel, and durat are often used. Chrome and glossy surfaces are present everywhere - from the ceiling to plumbing, which should be chosen in a very unusual geometric shape.
The color palette excludes the use of halftones. Primary colors are grey, black, white, silver and metallic. Smooth transitions are excluded, only clearly defined boundaries. If desired, you can dilute the interior of a monochrome range with red or purple accents, other ideas are possible.
In a small high-tech bathroom, it would be ideal to do without furniture at all, but, unfortunately, this is not possible. The main rule is not to clutter up the space. Choose one glass shelving unit or metallic cabinetry with chrome inserts to complete your bathroom interior.
Minimalism style
This bathroom design solution is suitable even for a room with an area of several meters. One of the main conditions for minimalism is good lighting. It is unlikely that your apartment has a window in the bathroom, so consider lighting in such a way that it is as close to daylight as possible. The space should be open, "airy", without darkened areas and corners.
Wall, floor and ceiling decoration can be done with any materials. It is preferable to use beautiful plain colors, without a pattern. An example of a suitable color is white, beige, sand, cream, floors can be made darker. Furniture for the bathroom in this case, you can safely choose a contrasting color. The ideal solution in minimalism is the shade of wenge that is fashionable today.
When choosing any style, follow your own preferences to create a truly cozy bathroom and toilet for every member of the family.
Options for visually increasing space
Designing a small bathroom is not as easy as it seems at first glance. Experts have their own techniques and ideas for their implementation.
- Most often, the walls are laid out with ceramic tiles. If you lay the tiles diagonally, the space will appear larger.
- The use of mirrors is a well-known technique for visually increasing the area, it also works in the bathroom. Pay attention to cabinets with mirrored doors, glossy stretch ceiling and smooth tiles.
- If the room has a window, do not focus on it. Laconic blinds or a curtain in the color of the walls is the best option.
- The space under the ceiling most often remains empty. Even if you're short, don't be afraid to use all the walls all the way up to the ceiling. Rarely used items can be removed at the very top.
- Use light colors for walls, ceilings and even floors.
- If the room is narrow, then horizontal stripes will look harmonious on the walls. In low small-sized rooms - vertical.
- The presence of many accessories leads to littering of the premises. Everything that can be removed from sight should be put away in lockers or neatly arranged on shelves. Do not try to further decorate the interior.
- Lighting in a small bathroom should be bright and even so that there are no dark corners. This technique works especially effectively in rooms decorated with light colors. If the interior has a window, do not cover it with thick dark curtains, let the light freely enter the room.
- If the bathroom needs textiles (curtains for windows or curtains for a bathtub), translucent light fabrics in light shades are an excellent solution.
All these tricks are quite compatible with any style of bathroom design. Having prepared a preliminary plan for the placement of objects in the bathroom, you can safely proceed to the implementation of the project.
Batik is a labor-intensive painting of fabric, as a result of which unique products of extraordinary beauty appear. The article describes the most popular types and technologies of batik.
Once you see a marvelous painting on a fabric, you will not be able to forget it. The originality of motives, combined with the complexity of execution, express the inner views and mood of the master. At the same time, connoisseurs and owners of exclusive batik-painted items emphasize their individuality and good taste.
What is batik - definition, types
"batik"- a drop of wax, ind.) - painting on fabric, done by hand. This type of creativity, widespread in China, India, Japan and African countries, is also gaining popularity in Europe. More and more modern needlewomen choose for themselves this unusual, but very exciting activity - painting fabric.The execution technique is based on the principle of hatching with the help of a special paint of individual sections of silk, cotton, synthetic or woolen fabric, pre-treated with paraffin, rubber glue, or other reserve compound.
Batik - hand-painted fabric The first batik-painted fabrics appeared in the 4th century BC. The ancient Egyptians buried mummies wrapped in these amazingly beautiful materials.
Batik types:
- - the reserve composition is applied along the contour and left to dry. Then the drawing is painted with special paints. The most secure way.
- - melted wax is applied to the fabric and after it hardens, the pattern is painted in different colors.
- free painting- preliminary reservation is not performed, paints with a thickener are used in the work.
- - knots are tied on the fabric and twisted before dyeing. This allows you to get unusual stains and patterns.
- Shibori (shibori)- a pattern obtained by dyeing a folded fabric. Japanese painting technique.
Indonesia is a country of hot batik. With the help of melted wax, women create huge paintings that, according to the Indonesians, have healing and magical properties.
In Nigeria, batik gained popularity in the mid-20th century. The technology of African batik (adire) consists in applying a starch solution to the fabric with feathers and then dyeing the pattern in indigo color. Also in Nigeria, the knotted method of dyeing fabric is often used.
What you need for batik: fabrics, frames, paints
In order to engage in batik, you will need the following materials, tools and fixtures:
- Fabric for painting (silk, synthetics, wool, satin, viscose).
- Embroidery hoops (for small areas), frames, stretchers, fasteners for securing material in the frame.
- Brushes of different thicknesses with synthetic and natural bristles. For large drawings - flutes, for painting - round.
- A set of paints (thermofixable and “for steaming”), pipettes, sprayers, special glass tubes.
- Watering cans and chanting needed when working with hot wax.
- Stamps, carbon paper sheets, stencils, liner pencils and blends, disappearing marker.
- Primers, effect salts, wax reserves, contours.
- Hairdryer with cold setting.
IMPORTANT: Silk dyes are labeled Silk. They are more fluid and translucent than textile paints designated Textile.
Cold batik: technique for beginners
For those who decide to take up cold batik, need to cook:
- washed and ironed fabric (silk or cotton)
- acrylic paint or gouache
- reserve composition, a glass tube for its application and a syringe
- hoop or stretcher
- brushes natural or synthetic, water and napkins for cleaning them
- palette for mixing and diluting paints
- stencil
IMPORTANT: To accurately collect and then apply the reserve, lower the “nose” of the glass tube into the composition. At this time, on the other side of it, insert a syringe, by pressing which it will be possible to regulate the amount of incoming and outgoing fluid.
Once the tools are ready, you can get to work:
- Attach the fabric to the frame or hoop so that it is taut.
- Draw a pattern on the fabric with a pencil (you can use stencils and templates).
- Carefully repeat the contour with a reserve compound. Make sure that the contour is not interrupted, and that the reserve composition is well absorbed into the fabric.
- Leave for 1 hour to dry.
- Check the contour for integrity, correct if there are flaws, leave to dry completely.
- While the circuit dries, rinse the tube with gasoline and leave to dry.
- Apply paint to the drawing. First of all, light colors are applied, then darker ones. In this case, both concentrated and diluted paint is used.
- Remove excess moisture from the painted over large parts of the picture with a dry cotton pad.
- Leave the drawing for a day to dry.
- Remove from frame.
IMPORTANT: If the picture will hang on the wall, you can start decorating it immediately after it dries. If the thing is intended to be worn on the body, the batik must first be fixed and steamed.
Video: Cold batik technology for beginners
Video: Master class "Poppies". Panel in the technique of cold batik on cotton
Hot batik: technique for beginners
It is carried out using a heated reserve composition. With the help of it, a contour is applied and individual elements of the drawing are covered to prevent the paint from spreading. The reserve composition can be prepared independently according to one of the recipes:
- Recipe number 1. Paraffin (330g) + Vaseline (170g).
- Recipe number 2. Paraffin (250g) + vaseline (125g) + wax (125g).
- Recipe number 3. Petrolatum (105g) + paraffin (400g).
In addition to the reserve composition, prepare such materials and tools:
- the cloth
- hot batik paints
- brushes
- palette
- stretcher or hoop
- old newspapers
Working process:
- Draw a sketch on paper.
- Stretch the fabric in the hoop or stretcher.
- Transfer the design to the fabric.
- Reserve with the help of a ready-made reserve composition those places in the figure that need to be left unfilled.
- Cover the elements of the picture with dyes of light shades.
- Leave to dry.
- Cover the elements of the pattern dyed in light colors with a reserve compound.
- Use darker tones in your work.
- Leave to dry again, then coat the painted parts with a reserve compound.
- Apply the darkest colors, dry the drawing and completely cover it with a reserve wax composition.
- Remove the work from the stretcher.
- Layer by layer, remove the reserve composition from the drawing, ironing it between newspaper sheets with a hot iron.
- Frame your finished work.
IMPORTANT: Newspapers for ironing batik must be old. If you use fresh newspapers, the work can be spoiled by newspaper lines printed on the fabric.
Video: Master class. hot batik
Knotted batik: technique for beginners
The principle of knotted batik is the mechanical reservation of fabric. At the folds and at the knots, the matter either does not stain at all, or is painted in a lighter shade. The technique of nodular batik is available to everyone. It is not at all necessary to have artistic skills to engage in this fascinating type of fabric painting.
Materials and accessories:
- light cotton fabric
- aniline dyes for cotton fabrics
- thick thread, rope, tourniquet or cord
- palette
- container for coloring
- spatula for stirring
All work in nodular technique consists of three stages:
Stage 1. Prepare the fabric for dyeing in one of the following ways:
- sew up
- tie up
- twist
- fold
- fold
IMPORTANT: You can place buttons, pebbles, shells and other small items inside the knots and folds. The effect of such experiments may be completely unexpected.
Stage 2. Dip the prepared fabric into a container with diluted dye. If you want to get smooth, blurry color transitions, dampen the fabric first. Leave fabric dry for sharp color edges.
IMPORTANT: Staining is carried out following the instructions for the paint. Some manufacturers recommend that you pre-immerse the fabric in a boiling saline solution, and only after it boils, gradually introduce the dye into the salt water.
Stage 3. After the fabric has been dyed, rinse it under running water. First time with knots, then untie them.
IMPORTANT: The selected backup method determines the final pattern that will result from the work done.
Video: Master class on knotted batik, Spiral pattern
Batik painting, painting on fabric, silk - paintings, panels
The batik technique allows you to create real masterpieces that later serve as decoration for apartments and houses. Batik paintings and panels, made in various ways, can become a highlight of any interior, while bright colors and outlandish patterns can enliven even the most austere environment.
Batik ideas - still life, poppies, abstraction, flowers, roses, horses, sakura, fish, owl, marine theme, sunflowers, iris: photo
Batik. Panel. Still life 
Batik, scarf "Poppies" 
Scarf "Abstraction". Batik 
Scarf "Roses". Batik 
Batik. Painting "Horse" 
Silk scarf "Sakura". Batik 
Scarf "Fish". Batik 
Painting on silk "Fish" 
Neckerchief "Owl". Batik 
Shawl "Sunflowers". Batik 
Silk scarf "Irises". Batik 
"Blue Iris". Batik Batik in the interior: ideas, photos
Batik in the interior. Pillows Batik on a T-shirt: ideas, photos
Batik on a T-shirt with your own hands The art of batik is the painting of fabric using a reserve, a substance that covers the fabric where it should not be dyed. A beautiful art form that can be used to create drawings, decorate interiors and clothes. What is the technique of batik, for beginners, a master class can tell.
Kinds of art
Cold. In this method, the reserve is applied closed loop, within which the fabric is painted with paints.
Hot. Hot reserve can either be applied as a contour or cover some areas of the fabric.
Free painting. The entire drawing is applied with paint, the reserve is used only in the final stage.
Knotted batik. This option is very different from the previous ones. This is not so much a painting, but rather a dyeing of fabric. The canvas is folded in various ways, tied or sewn with thread and then dyed with paint.
Batik uses different fabrics. Smooth fabrics, such as silk, viscose or cotton, work best.
In this style, you can create beautiful panels. Batik is very diverse and does not have strict rules. Each artist brings something of his own to art, so each product in this technique is unique.
Here we will consider a master class on working in the style of cold batik. It's great for beginners.
Fabric grapes
What you need for work:
- Smooth fabric to choose from;
- Frame with buttons or hoop;
- Paints for painting on silk, may be watercolors;
- Reserve;
- glass tube or applicator;
- brushes;
- Decorative outline for fabric.
At the beginning, wash the fabric with soap, as the material is coated with a special substance that will interfere with the painting. Damp fabric should be stretched on the hoop and allowed to dry.
Choose the sketch you like and fit the size. You can draw the template yourself.
Just remember that you need not to do very small details in the picture.
The outline must be circled with a marker and adjusted to size.
Secure from the inside with paper tape.
The sketch should be clearly visible through the fabric. Trace around the front side with a pencil. You can immediately apply a reserve, only in this case the sketch should be at some distance from the fabric. If they touch each other, in this place the reserve will blur into sloppy spots.
After the outline is circled, you need to remove the template. Apply the reserve carefully so that it saturates the entire fabric. There should be no break in the lines. Apply reserve and leave to dry. Different reserves dry differently, depending on the brand.
Start pouring paint from the background. There may be undiluted paint, but if you need lighter colors, then you need to dilute it with water. By quantity, take a little paint. Work with them in the same way as with watercolors.
Now start coloring the other elements. Let the fabric dry. When the paint dries, it turns pale, so you can add a second layer, if necessary.
Tulips in the technique of "Batik". Master class with step by step photos
Author: Maksimova Nadezhda Yurievna MADOU " Kindergarten combined type No. 239, Kemerovo
Description: this master class is intended for older children up to school age, primary school age.
Purpose: a souvenir can serve as an interior decoration or can be presented as a gift.
Target: introducing children to the art of batik.
Tasks:
1. To introduce children to this type of arts and crafts as "batik".
2. Learn to use fabric paints and outlines correctly and accurately.
3. Learn to use the salt technique.
4. Develop the ability to perform work in stages.
5. Develop visual-figurative thinking, imagination, fantasy.
6. Develop interest in arts and crafts.
7. Arouse the desire to make crafts with your own hands.
Materials and tools needed for work: a wooden frame, buttons, a piece of silk fabric, acrylic paint on silk, a contour for drawing on fabric, a sketch of a drawing on paper.
Painting fabric using the batik technique is not so easy. This is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. But the works made in this technique are very beautiful and spectacular. In addition, the process can be simplified if the outline of the pattern is already applied to the toned fabric, and instead of a special reserve that is blown out of special tubes, special outlines can be used. Children 5-7 years old are quite capable of creating their first masterpieces. Drawing for a sketch of the first works, of course, it is better to choose a simpler one.
The main stages of creating a picture in the technique of "cold batik":
- preparation of all materials for painting
- selection of fabric (preferably silk, crepe de chine, you can artificial)
- sketching on paper
- stretching the fabric (pre-washed so that there are no problems in the future with "shrinkage") on the frame
- background fill
- transferring the sketch to the fabric
- sketch outline
- checking for leaks
- Filling with color of the main elements
- fixing the picture with an iron (sometimes this is not required, it all depends on the colors)
Typically, thin, dense and smooth fabrics such as cotton and silk are used for batik. But you can experiment with synthetic fabric. Before work, the fabric must be washed.
We stretch the fabric on the frame. I use a frame in which I will then insert the finished work. But it must be turned over so as not to stain the front side with paint. Leave allowances on the fabric 2-3 cm.
I use buttons.
First, I fix the upper corner and the opposite one.
Then the bottom corner, and the opposite one. At the same time, I stretch the fabric slightly. Of course, children need help at this stage. From how the fabric is stretched correctly, it depends on how beautifully and evenly the paint will lie.
Then stick the buttons at a short distance from each other.
In order for the paint to spread beautifully, we wet the fabric with a brush. Choose a wider brush.
Making a background for our picture. Using green and yellow acrylic paint.
Apply green paint stripes. At a distance from each other.
We draw yellow stripes, having already stepped on the painted green ones. Wet colors will merge and form a smooth transition.
The salt effect looks very nice. While the paint has not dried, it is sprinkled with the necessary area. Salt crystals will partially absorb the pigment, blurry white spots will appear.
A pre-prepared sketch is placed under the frame. The pattern should show through the material. Draw it on the fabric with a pencil. But you can immediately draw with a contour if the drawing is not complicated. Hand movements in this case are more confident, and we avoid the effect of a trembling line. Although, who cares!
Outline the drawing with a black outline, which will not allow the paint to go beyond the drawing. It is important that the contour penetrates well into the fabric and the lines are closed.
Let's start painting flowers. Work with a brush, stepping back a little from the contour line so that the paint spreads and does not go beyond it. You can pre-moisten the area with which you will work with clean water. This gives a more effective blurring of colors.
First, use a lighter red paint, do not let it dry, apply a darker shade of paint on top.
You can sprinkle with salt.
We color the stems and leaves, also using paints of several shades. You can add another color, such as yellow.
After the work has dried, gently shake off the salt and set the paint by ironing the work for at least three minutes. Insert into a frame.
Batik - amazing view artistic painting by fabric. Delicate, soft, (in the truest sense of the word) drawings, enchant. Of course, when you think about what to draw in this technique, the first thing that comes to mind is flowers. Thin lines, rich colors - batik is designed to represent beauty. I offer you stencils - drawings of flowers for batik that you can transfer to fabric.
drawings of flowers for batik
Each stencil is just an outline of the drawing, facilitating the task and speeding up the work of the artist. Having chosen a stencil to your liking, think about its content. Look at other works and fresh flowers. Track the transitions of colors from light to dark, and vice versa. The best thing is to print the selected stencil several times and try to paint it with ordinary paints. Although this will not give an accurate result, because the color on the fabric will look different, but you will know what you are aiming for in the image of this flower.
stencil flowers
poppy stencil for batik
flowers in batik poppy
flowers in batik stencil
pattern for batik
batik pattern
flower pattern for batik
tulips stencil for batik
sunflower stencil for batik
Of course, there are not enough stencils for batik, you also need the right color perception and inspiration. And if inspiration is a capricious sensation that comes when it pleases, then color perception and taste can be developed in oneself by getting acquainted with the finished works of flowers in batik.
batik flower drawings
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