The global pig industry is developing steadily and is the most important livestock sector. The number of pigs is increasing, which gives a stable increase in world pork output - over the past eight years it has increased by 18%.
In 2015, global pork production was 118 Mt, an increase of 2.6 Mt (or 2.3%) over the last year.
Pork production in the world by country
- China (57.6 Mt)
- USA (10.5 Mt)
- Germany (5.5 Mt)
- Spain (3.5 Mt)
- Vietnam (3.4 Mt)
- Brazil (3.1 Mt)
- Russia (3 million tons)
Pig breeding develops unevenly in different regions. The largest pork producer in the world is China (57.6 million tons in 2015), which accounted for 49% of the global pork output. In 2015, pork production in China increased by 4%.
China's pig breeding is undergoing both quantitative (an increase in the number of pigs) and qualitative changes (in recent years, an increase in slaughter weight has been characteristic). This was achieved by intensifying fattening and improving the productive and breeding qualities of pigs, namely by crossing domestic and imported individuals. Domestic Chinese breeds are characterized by milkiness and multiple pregnancies, while those imported from the USA (Duroc, Hampshire, Yorkshire breeds) and other countries (Chester White and Landrace breeds) have a large carcass weight and more intensive growth.
The second place among the largest producers of pork was occupied by the USA (10.5 million tons) with a share of 9% in the world output. In the USA, mainly local and hybrid breeds are grown. The most popular local breeds are Duroc, Landrace and Hampshire.
The other largest producers were Germany (5.5 Mt), Spain (3.5 Mt), Vietnam (3.4 Mt), Brazil (3.1 Mt) and Russia (3 Mt). These five countries combined accounted for 16% of global pork output. In Europe, pork production remains stable with a reduction in the number of pigs. This was achieved due to the growth of slaughter weight as a result of improved crossing, hybridization and feeding technologies.
Top 10 pork suppliers in the world
- WH Group (China)
- JBS Foods International (Brazil)
- Smithfield Foods (USA)
- JBS USA
- Danish Crown (Denmark)
- Tyson Foods Inc. (USA)
- Tonnies (Germany)
- Yurun Group (China)
- Vion Food Group Ltd. (Netherlands)
- Shuanghui Development (China)
Ten largest suppliers pork (by slaughtered livestock) on the world market is represented by the following companies: WH Group - 48.3 million heads (China), JBS Foods International - 28 million heads (Brazil), Smithfield Foods - 27.9 million heads and JBS USA - 22, 3 million heads (USA), Danish Crown - 22 million heads (Denmark), Tyson Foods Inc. - 19.9 million heads (USA), Tonnies - 17.5 million heads (Germany), Yurun Group - 16.6 million heads (China), Vion Food Group Ltd. - 15.7 million heads (Netherlands) and Shuanghui Development - 15 million heads (China).
World pork exports amounted to 11.0 million tons in 2015 - 3.6% more than a year earlier. Thus, about 9% of world output was exported. The largest volume of pork was supplied from Germany (1.78 million tons), USA (1.53 million tons), Spain (1.25 million tons), Denmark (1.13 million tons), the Netherlands (0.94 million tons) , Canada (0.87 million tons) and Belgium (0.72 million tons). These countries accounted for 75% of the world's total pork exports. The most noticeable increase in exports in 2015 was in Spain (+17%).
Even though China is the world's largest pork producer, the country's exports are negligible, accounting for only 0.7% of global exports in 2015. Almost the entire output is directed to domestic consumption. Unlike China, large European producers - Germany and Spain - exported more than a third of their own production, and in Denmark, exports accounted for 74% of production.
In Denmark, pig breeding is characterized by a high level of development. The most common breed in the country is the landrace. A feature of the industry in the country is a centralized management system for breeding work through the National Committee for Pig Breeding. In addition to small farms, there are also large productions based on private capital.
Despite the development of pig production in various regions, some countries are experiencing the need to import pork to meet growing demand. The volume of world pork imports was estimated at 10.4 million tons, which was 2% more than in 2014. The top five countries in terms of import volumes included Italy (1.02 million tons), Germany (925 thousand tons), Japan (791 thousand tons), China (778 thousand tons) and Mexico (723 thousand tons), ranking in total 41% of world imports. Shipments to Italy have been relatively stable over the past year, with Germany and Japan declining by 7.0% and 4.7%, respectively.
In terms of trade restrictions, countries impose import tariffs on imported pork to maintain national production and limit the flow of imported meat to the market. Between European countries, a regime of duty-free trade in pork has been introduced.
According to the latest data, Italy, the largest importer of pork, has different tariff rates:
- for carcasses and half carcasses - 300.23 USD/t for Peru, 256.54 USD/t for Central American countries; 600.46 - for a number of other countries, including the USA and China;
- for hams, shoulder blades and cuts from them - 435.78 USD/t for Peru, 373.05 USD/t for Central American countries; 871.56 - for a number of other countries, including the USA and China;
- for other parts - $336.08/t for Peru, $287.91/t for Central American countries; 673.27 - for a number of other countries, including the USA and China.
The US has the following restrictive duties: for carcasses and half carcasses - $55/t for Cuba and Korea, for other countries - zero tariffs; for hams, shoulder blades and cuts from them - 72 USD/t for Cuba and Korea, 14 USD/t for other countries except Mexico, Canada, Australia, Chile, Colombia, Peru and a number of other countries.
Specialists of the Expert-Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" www.site prepared another. Below are some excerpts from the study.
Pig breeding in Russia in 2016 showed a positive trend in the growth of livestock and meat production.
Pigs
The number of pigs in Russia in farms of all categories as of January 1, 2017 totaled 22,033.3 thousand heads. In relation to January 1, 2016, the livestock increased by 2.4% or by 526.8 thousand heads, by January 1, 2015 - by 2.9% or by 614.1 thousand heads, by January 1, 2014 - by 12.7% or 2,487.2 thousand heads.
In the structure of the pig population, 83.4% accounted for agricultural organizations, 14.6% - for households, 2.0% - for peasant farms.
An analysis of long-term trends shows an increase in the number of pigs over 5 years by 27.7%, over 10 years - by 36.1%.
In 2016, the number of pigs in Russia reached the level of 1995, while in relation to 1990, there is a decrease in the number of livestock - by 42.5%. At the same time, due to improved quality indicators (such as herd turnover), pork production during this period (when comparing data for 1990 and 2016) decreased slightly.
The number of pigs by region. Rating 2016
The Belgorod region is the leader in the number of pigs as of January 01, 2017 - 4,137.4 thousand heads. A year earlier, this figure was 3,954.4 thousand heads. The share of the Belgorod region in the total number of pigs in the Russian Federation is 18.8%.
In the Kursk region on January 1, 2017, the number of pigs totaled 1,480.9 thousand heads (6.7%), which is 8.1% or 111.1 thousand heads more than on January 1, 2016.
The third place is occupied by the Tambov region - 990.8 thousand heads, which is 9.1% or 82.9 thousand heads higher than the same date in 2016. The share of the region in the total Russian livestock was 4.5%.
In the Chelyabinsk region, as of January 01, 2017, the number of pigs totaled 751.1 thousand heads. For comparison, on January 01, 2016 - 676.1 thousand heads. The share of the region in the total population of the Russian Federation was at the level of 3.4%.
6. Voronezh region - 713.7 thousand heads, share in the all-Russian livestock - 3.2%.
7. Krasnoyarsk Territory - 618.7 thousand heads, 2.8%.
8. Lipetsk region - 567.3 thousand heads, 2.6%.
9. Altai region- 561.4 thousand heads, 2.5%.
10. Tver region - 525.7 thousand heads, 2.4%.
11. Omsk region - 506.0 thousand heads, 2.3%.
12. Republic of Tatarstan - 465.1 thousand heads, 2.1%.
13. Republic of Bashkortostan - 450.5 thousand heads, 2.0%.
14. Rostov region - 411.2 thousand heads, 1.9%.
15. Kemerovo region - 410.1 thousand heads, 1.9%.
16. Stavropol Territory - 395.5 thousand heads, 1.8%.
17. Novosibirsk region - 379.3 thousand heads, 1.7%.
18. Orel region - 374.8 thousand heads, 1.7%.
19. Krasnodar Territory - 365.2 thousand heads, 1.7%.
20. Tyumen region - 342.4 thousand heads, 1.6%.
The number of pigs as of January 1, 2017 in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 totaled 6,748.0 thousand heads (30.6% of the total number of pigs in Russia).
Pork production in Russia in 2016
In 2016, Russia produced 3,388.4 thousand tons of pork in terms of slaughter weight (4,346.1 thousand tons in live weight). Over the year, the volume of production in slaughter weight increased by 9.3% or 289.7 thousand tons, over 5 years - by 39.6% or 960.8 thousand tons, over 10 years - by 99.4% or by 1,689.2 thousand tons. The volumes of 2016 exceeded the volumes of 1991 and almost equaled those of 1990.
The structure of pork production in 2016 was distributed as follows: 80.5% fell on agricultural organizations, 18.2% - on households, 1.3% - on peasant farms.
Pork production by region. Rating 2016
The main pork producer in 2016 is the Belgorod region. The volume of production in the region in 2016 amounted to 613.9 thousand tons in slaughter weight (787.4 thousand tons in live weight). The share in the all-Russian pork production is 18.1%. In relation to 2015, production increased by 5.1% or 29.6 thousand tons.
Kursk region in 2016 is in second place with a share of 6.6% of total production pork in Russia (225.0 thousand tons in carcass weight). During the year, production increased by 11.1% or 22.4 thousand tons.
In 2016, the Tambov region produced 156.8 thousand tons of pork in slaughter weight (201.1 thousand tons in live). The share of the region in the total volume of production is 4.6%. For comparison, in 2015, the region produced 147.4 thousand tons of pork.
The fourth place in the ranking of regions in 2016 was occupied by the Pskov region, where they produced 119.3 thousand tons in carcass weight (153.0 thousand tons in live), which is 45.9% or 37.5 thousand tons more than than in 2015. The share of the Pskov region in the total Russian pork production was at the level of 3.5%.
The share of the Voronezh region in the total volume of pork production in 2016 amounted to 3.4% or 114.2 thousand tons in carcass weight (146.5 thousand tons in live). During the year, production increased by 31.2% or 27.2 thousand tons.
In addition to these regions, the TOP-20 largest regions of pork producers in farms of all categories in 2016 included:
6. Chelyabinsk region (production volume - 108.0 thousand tons in slaughter weight, share in total pork production - 3.2%).
7. Krasnoyarsk Territory (92.2 thousand tons, 2.7%).
8. Lipetsk region (88.9 thousand tons, 2.6%).
9. Altai Territory (81.4 thousand tons, 2.4%).
10. Tver region (80.8 thousand tons, 2.4%).
11. Omsk region (76.4 thousand tons, 2.3%).
12. Republic of Tatarstan (75.8 thousand tons, 2.2%).
13. Republic of Bashkortostan (66.8 thousand tons, 2.0%).
14. Krasnodar Territory (66.8 thousand tons, 2.0%).
15. Tyumen region (61.2 thousand tons, 1.8%).
16. Udmurt Republic (55.8 thousand tons, 1.6%).
17. Rostov region (54.9 thousand tons, 1.6%).
18. Novosibirsk region (54.6 thousand tons, 1.6%).
19. Sverdlovsk region(53.7 thousand tons, 1.6%).
20. Stavropol Territory (53.0 thousand tons, 1.6%).
The total pork production in 2016 in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 amounted to 1,089.0 thousand tons in carcass weight (32.1% of the total pork production).
The largest boar in the world: an overview of record holders and large breeds of domestic pigs. The larger the animal, the more powerful, stronger it means, they are proud of it, and also use it as genetic material in order to get the same large offspring in the future. But some farmers manage to fatten their animals to such an extent that their incredible size falls into the Guinness Book of Records, in the section of the largest wild boar in the world. So, consider the representatives of the largest boars in the world today.
Huge wild boars
Many hunters dream of getting a huge boar as a trophy. But Wild boars are smart enough, huge and ferocious animals that are not so easy to catch. And in particular this applies to wild boars, which are truly gigantic in size. So in the eastern part of Eurasia there are the largest representatives of this species of animals. Their weight reaches 500 kg. On average, the weight of wild boars is over 270 kg, but there are animals whose body weight exceeds the average.
- In 2015, the largest wild boar in the world was shot dead in the Ural Mountains. This news instantly spread all over the planet and Pyotr Maksimov, who managed to catch such a wild boar, became known. Some people living in those places claim that they saw several wild boars nearby, the mass of which is even more than 500 kg. It can be concluded that the animals were able to gain such body weight due to the fact that hunting has not been conducted in these places for a long time due to the ban;
- The second case is also very memorable. Jamison Stone, who at that time was 11 years old, could shoot a huge boar with a body weight of 480 kg, many did not believe that this boy managed such a difficult task. In 2007, there was a lot of controversy about this event, but it was not possible to confirm or deny this event in any way;
- In 2004, a wild boar was killed in the state of Georgia, the mass of which reached 360 kg, initially it was claimed that its mass was 450 kg. Controversy erupted, and in 2005 the buried boar was exhumed and the exact body weight was determined. As a result of a genetic examination, they were able to establish that the boar was a mixture of wild and domestic pigs, that is, he was a mestizo;
- On the territory of Turkey, a wild boar with a live weight of about 350 kilograms was caught, it was named Attilo.
Boars record holders
Many farmers specially fatten their pets in order to participate with them in all kinds of exhibitions where animals compete in body weight. But so far, the record for the largest boar in the world has not been achieved. Such a boar is Big Bill from Texas, he set a record in 1933 as the largest wild boar in the world, with a live weight of 1150 kg and a body length of 2.7 m. Information about him was preserved that he was a mixture of Polish and Chinese pigs. The parameters that corresponded to the big Bill did not correspond to the average indicators for representatives of this breed. And this pig was preserved by making a stuffed animal out of it.
And another pig that is truly gigantic in size is the boar - Higt Rate, which was raised by farmers from the suburbs of New York. Its live weight was 1200 kg with a body length of 2.5 m. The Chinese also decided to participate in the competition for the title of the largest wild boar in the world. They managed to raise a Chun-Chun pig, he had a good appetite and a body weight of 900 kg, with a body length of 2.5 m. One of the champions also lived in England, his name was Old Slot, he belonged to the Gloucester pig, whose weight could not beat no one else in the world. The owner of this pig was Joseph Lawton, the pig had a body length of 3 m, and the mass was more than 6 tons.
The largest breeds of domestic pigs
Representatives of domestic breeds of pigs are also distinguished by large body weight indicators. Let's consider some of them. Large breeds with a large body weight include: Landrace, Duroc and large white pigs. When putting them on fattening and subject to the norms of maintenance and feeding, it is possible to achieve good results. It should be noted that all livestock under the same conditions gain approximately the same live weight, corresponding to natural qualities.
Large white breed
Selection work lasted long enough long time in England, based on the largest breeds of pigs that were known at that time. Scientists selected the largest piglets for further reproduction, thereby gradually forming a livestock with a good productivity indicator. After that, the large white was used to improve the productive qualities of other breeds. Large white, in various versions, is found in many countries of the world. An adult boar has a live weight of 330-350 kg, at 6 months the young growth reaches a weight of 100 kg.
They also have an outstanding body weight, as they are descended from large white pigs, using native Danish pigs, which have been adapted to harsh climatic conditions. An adult animal of the Landrace breed has a body length of about 2 meters, a live weight of 290-300 kg, a young animal has a daily weight gain of 800 g.
>> Livestock of the world
§ 3. Animal husbandry of the world
Raising pigs shows sustainable development and exists on the positions of the leading branch of the world animal husbandry. The livestock is regularly increased, which leads to a constant increase in production. The last 8 years have been marked by an increase in pork output by 18%.
Pig breeding is one of the most rapidly developing areas of animal husbandry. With a constant increase in the number of animals, the rate of production of meat products increases. For 2015, total production was based on 118 million tons, and then increased by another 2.6 million tons, which was a percentage of 2.3%.
The development of pig breeding in the world is uneven. China is confidently at the forefront of pork producers. In 2015, China produced 57.6 million tons of pork. During this period, the total production of Chinese pork in the world field was 49% and increased by another 4% in a year.
Pig farming in China shows an increase in quantitative (growth in the number of animals) and qualitative indicators of farming. The latter is a regular increase in slaughter weight. These achievements became possible thanks to more intensive fattening of animals, work to improve the breeding and productive properties of various breeds of pigs, which was achieved as a result of crossing individuals of the domestic market and import representatives. Chinese breeds of pigs are distinguished by their multiparity and milkiness, while breeds imported into the country from the USA (in particular, Hampshire, Duroc, Yorkshire and others) and other countries (Chester White, Landrace) as characteristic features have a large weight and a tendency to intensive growth.
Among the largest producers of pork, the second place belongs to the United States of America. The annual level of pork meat produced is 10.5 million tons, which occupies 9% of the world market. The United States specializes in breeding local and hybrid breeds of pigs. The most common are the local Hampshire, Duroc and Landrace.
Following China and the United States are Germany with a production volume of 5.5 million tons, Spain (3.5 million tons), Vietnam (3.4 million tons), Brazil (3.1 million tons). Russia closes the list of leaders with a gross volume of 3 million tons. These five countries together account for 16% of the global pig production market. The European market, with a constant decrease in the number of livestock, shows regular figures in terms of production volumes. This is achieved by increasing the slaughter weight, which became possible after working on technologies for hybridization, crossing and improving animal feeding.
The top ten pork producers based on slaughtered livestock at the moment are as follows:
- Chinese company WH Group (48.3 million heads);
- JBS Foods International from Brazil (28 million heads);
- Smithfield Foods of the USA (27.9 million heads);
- JBS USA also from USA (22.3 million heads);
- Danish Crown company (22 million heads);
- Another US representative Tyson Foods Inc. (19.9 million heads);
- German Tonnies (17.5 million heads);
- Chinese producer Yurun Group (16.6 million heads);
- Vion Food Group Ltd. from the Netherlands (15.7 million heads);
- Shuanghui Development from China (15 million head).
For the period of 2015, the total volume of world exports amounted to 11 million tons of meat. This figure is 3.6% more than in the previous period. Export accounted for 9% of this volume. The leading exporters were Germany (1.78 million tons of meat), the USA (1.53 million tons), Spain (1.25 million tons), Denmark (1.1 million tons), the Netherlands (0.95 million tons), Canada (0.87 million tons) and Belgium (0.7 million tons). These countries accounted for 75% of the world's total pork exports. Spain showed the largest increase in exports - over the period of 2015, the country made a jump in pork exports by a total of 17%.
As the largest pork producer, China occupies a rather modest niche in world exports - about 0.7% for the period of 2015. The vast majority of the products produced are sold domestically. Compared to China largest exporters pork is delivered to foreign markets a third or more of production, and Denmark produces for export more than 74% of the total pork production in the country.
Denmark shows high level pig breeding. The most common breed of pigs is Landrace. In Denmark, centralized breeding work has been established, which is carried out through the National Committee for the Breeding of Pigs. In the country, pork production is carried out by small farms and big companies, all of them exist in the status of a private business.
Although the pig industry in the world is quite developed, a number of countries are in dire need of importing meat to the domestic market. It's connected with in great demand on it from consumers. The size of world pork imports is about 10.4 million tons of meat in 2015. This is 2% more than the previous year. The top five importers include the following countries:
- Italy (up to 1 million tons per year);
- Germany (about 0.9 million tons);
- Japan (about 800 thousand tons);
- China (770 thousand tons);
- Mexico (720 thousand tons).
These countries account for about 40% of the total pork imports in the world. Over the past year, the demand for pork from Italy has been stable, while Germany and Japan reduced their requests by 7% and 4.7%, respectively.
Trade restrictions that exist on the world pork market are introduced in the form of import tariffs on imported meat and are associated with the desire of the governments of countries to support national meat producers by restricting its import from abroad. Duty-free pork trade is carried out within the framework of the European Union.
For example, the largest importer of pork in the world, Italy, has introduced the following rates for the import of meat:
- Carcasses, half carcasses: $300 per ton for meat imported from Peru, $256 per ton from Central America, $600 per ton for other countries, including China and the United States;
- Hams, shoulder blades, cuts from them: $435 per ton from Peru, $373 from Central America, $871 - other countries;
- Other parts: $336 per ton for Peru, $287 for Central America, $673 per ton for other countries.
The US fees are as follows:
- Carcasses, half carcasses: $55 per ton when imported from Cuba or Korea;
- Hams, shoulder blades, cuts from them: $72 for Cuba, Korea, $14 for other countries, excluding Mexico, Canada, Chile, Australia, Peru and others.
Import to other countries is not subject to duty.
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