Download presentation on 19th century composers. Russian composers of the second half of the 19th century presentation for a lesson on music on the topic. Music for children

slide 1

Music of Russia in the 19th century

The presentation was prepared by Valentina Kholodova, a student of class 8 "B"

slide 2

For Russia, the 19th century was the era of the formation of a national music school. In the previous century high level only choral sacred music reached development; the traditions of opera, chamber-vocal and symphonic music developed in the new century. This process was decisively influenced, on the one hand, by Western European culture, and, on the other hand, by Russian folklore. Russian composers began to travel abroad. There they communicated with prominent masters of musical art, and most importantly, received a European musical education. Introduction to European culture not only raised the professional level of Russian composers and performers, but also helped them to better understand the traditions of national music.

K. Bryullov "Italian noon"

slide 3

In the 19th century, great attention was paid to the study of folklore. Russian composers considered folk music as a source of inspiration. They collected folk songs and often used them in their works, without losing the originality of their own musical language. The Russian musical culture of the first half of the 19th century was characterized by increased attention to opera and chamber vocal music. Serious interest in the symphony appeared only in the second half of the century. The program symphonic works, including the symphonic miniature, were especially popular. So, which of the composers stood at the origins of the Russian school of composers?

I. Bilibin "Ivan Tsarevich and the Firebird"

slide 4

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, having received a serious musical education in Europe, was the first to deeply realize the peculiarities of Russian national music. Glinka's composing skill was most clearly manifested in two operas - A Life for the Tsar (Ivan Susanin) and Ruslan and Lyudmila. He created samples of the national Russian opera - the heroic-epic opera and the opera-fairy tale. "Life for the Tsar" is written on a historical and patriotic plot. It depicts the events of the beginning of the 17th century - the struggle of the Russian people against the Polish conquerors. The fairy-tale opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" was written on the plot of the poem of the same name by A.S. Pushkin. Of interest are Glinka's works in the field of symphonic and chamber-vocal music. Many well-known romances, for example, "I, here, Inezilla", "I remember a wonderful moment." To the words of N.V. The puppeteer composer created a cycle of 12 romances. Glinka's romances are distinguished by their exceptional melodic beauty. For the orchestra, Glinka wrote symphonic overtures - "Komarinskaya", "Jota of Aragon", "Night in Madrid". Thanks to the work of Glinka, the Russian musical school has achieved recognition in Europe.

slide 5

Creativity P.I. Tchaikovsky - bright page in the history of not only domestic, but also foreign musical art. Tchaikovsky became the pioneer of the instrumental concerto genre in Russian music.

The most famous compositions are the First Piano Concerto, Violin Concerto and Variations on a Rococo Theme. The music of these works is full of light, joyful energy and inner nobility. Tchaikovsky created 6 symphonies and 10 operas, two of which - "Eugene Onegin" and "The Queen of Spades" are considered the best examples of musical drama in Russian music. P.I. Tchaikovsky changed attitudes towards the musical content of the ballet. The wonderful music of "Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty", "The Nutcracker" is admired even today. A significant place in the work of Tchaikovsky is occupied by romances (more than 100 were written). The composer's romances are small dramatic pieces. Tchaikovsky was the first Russian composer to receive wide recognition abroad. His tours took place in Europe and the USA. Tchaikovsky was elected a corresponding member of the French Academy of Fine Arts and an honorary doctor of the University of Cambridge, UK.

slide 6

The operas "Boris Godunov", "Khovanshchina", "Sorochinsky Fair" - have become a significant phenomenon in Russian music.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

Slide 7

Dargomyzhsky's best works include the opera The Mermaid and the unfinished opera The Stone Guest. Romances occupy a central place in the composer's work. (Over 100 romances.). The most famous ones are “I loved you (to poems by A.S. Pushkin), “It’s both boring and sad”, “I’m sad” (to poems by M.Yu. Lermontov).

Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky

Slide 8

M.A. played a special role in the development of Russian musical art of the 19th century. Balakirev. He was the founder and leader of the creative community of Russian composers, which went down in the history of music as the Balakirev Circle, or the "Mighty Handful". The systematic meetings of the circle turned into a school of composer's skill. In 1862 Balakirev became one of the founders and director of the Free Music School. The main goal of the organizers was to familiarize the general public with the art of music. In his own composer's work, Balakirev preferred instrumental music.

Slide 9

A.P. Borodin is the author of the opera "Prince Igor", three symphonies, chamber-instrumental and piano works, romances and songs. The opera "Prince Igor" has become an example of the Russian operatic style, in which historical truth is combined with deep drama and soulful lyrics. Borodin worked on this work for 18 years, but never finished it: a sudden death cut short his work. The opera was closed by Borodin's friends Rimsky-Korsakov and Glazunov.

Slide 10

The basis of the creative heritage was operas, many of which were written based on the works of Russian writers. The most famous are The Maid of Pskov, May Night, the opera-tale The Snow Maiden (based on Ostrovsky's play), the opera-ballet Mlada, The Night Before Christmas (according to Gogol), the epic opera Sadko. Rimsky-Korsakov also addressed the inner world of man. The chamber opera Mozart and Salieri based on Pushkin's play is one of the author's most profound works. In the opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan (after Pushkin), the composer resorts to stylization for the folk genre. Rimsky-Korsakov wrote about 80 romances for voice and piano to lyrics by A.S. Pushkin, A.K. Tolstoy and other Russian poets. As a conductor Rimsky-Korsakov since 1874. directed symphony orchestras, and later opera performances.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

slide 11

Speaking about the musical culture of the 19th century, one cannot but mention the brothers Anton and Nikolai Rubinstein. Their performing and teaching activities contributed to the fact that European traditions of concert life and music education were established in Russian culture. Anton Rubinstein is a brilliant virtuoso pianist. He is the founder and director of the St. Petersburg Conservatory since 1861. Nikolai Rubinstein is known as a pianist, conductor and teacher. He became the founder and first director of the Moscow Conservatory (1866).

slide 12

Thank you for your attention!

The presentation will help to learn more about composers.

"Russian composers"

RUSSIAN COMPOSERS

Prepared by: Kozyreva S.V.

MBOU Novomikhailovskoy secondary school

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

Russian composer, author of famous operas on themes of Russian history. Fame brought him the opera "Boris Godunov", staged at the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. in 1874 and recognized in some musical circles as an exemplary work . In Moscow, Boris Godunov was staged for the first time at the Bolshoi Theater in 1888.

(1839-1881)

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Russian composer, one of the best melodists, conductor, teacher, musical and public figure. Tchaikovsky actively participated in the musical life of Moscow, his works were published and performed here, the main genres of creativity were determined. The result of acquaintance in 1868 and creative contacts with members of the "Mighty Handful" was the creation of program symphonic works. The content of Tchaikovsky's music is universal: it covers the images of life and death, love, nature, childhood, the surrounding life, it reveals in a new way the works of Russian and world literature - A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol, Shakespeare and Dante.

(1840-1893)

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

Russian composer, teacher, conductor, public figure, music critic; representative of the Mighty Handful, author of 15 operas, 3 symphonies, symphonic works, instrumental concertos, cantatas, chamber-instrumental, vocal and sacred music. Rimsky-Korsakov's top works for orchestra are the Spanish Capriccio (1887) and the symphonic suite Scheherazade (1888). Existing tvennoe place in creativity heritage of the Roman Korsakov occupies a chamber black vocal lyrics. Posted by 79 romances, including including vocal cycles "Spring", "To the Poet", "By the Sea".

(1844-1908)

Alexander Nikolaevich Skryabin

Russian composer, pianist, teacher. Scriabin's unique place in Russian and world music history is determined primarily by the fact that he considered his own work not as a goal and result, but as a means to achieve a much larger universal task. Main works: Symphony No. 3 "Divine Poem", " Poem Ecstasy", "Poem of Fire" ("Prometheus"), concert for piano with orchestra, mazurkas, prelude, noct yurns .

(1872-1915)

Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov

great Russian composer, pianist and conductor. The greatest composer of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, Rachmaninov synthesized in his work the principles of the St. Petersburg and Moscow composer schools (as well as the traditions of Western European music), and created a new national style, which subsequently had a significant impact on both Russian and world music XX century. largest pianist peace, Rachmaninov approved dil world Russian piano priority true schools and its aesthetics o-artistic principles.

(1873-1943)

Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich

Russian Soviet composer, pianist, teacher and public figure, one of the most significant composers of the 20th century. Constantly studying classical and avant-garde traditions, Shostakovich developed his own musical language, emotionally filled and touching the hearts of musicians and music lovers around the world. The most notable genres in Shostakovich's work are symphonies and string quartets. - in each of which he wrote 15 works. Among the most popular symphonies - Fifth and Eighth, among quartets - Eighth and fifteenth.

(1906-1975)

View presentation content
"foreign composers"

FOREIGN COMPOSERS

Prepared by: Kozyreva S.V.

music teacher of the first qualification category

MBOU Novomikhailovskoy secondary school

Antonio Vivaldi

(1678-1741)

Italian composer, violinist, teacher, conductor. He studied violin with his father Giovanni Battista Vivaldi. One of the most famous works - a cycle of 4 violin concertos "The Seasons" - an early example of program symphonic music. Vivaldi's contribution to the development of instrumentation is significant (he was the first to use oboes, horns, bassoons and other instruments as independent, and not duplicating).

Johann Sebastian Bach

(1685-1750 )

XX century.

German composer and organist, representative of the Baroque era. His name is regularly mentioned in the lists of the most famous composers in the world. During his life, Bach wrote more than 1000 works. All significant genres of that time are represented in his work, except for opera; he summarized the achievements of the musical art of the Baroque period. Bach is a master of polyphony. After Bach's death, his music went out of fashion, but in the 19th century, thanks to Mendelssohn, it was rediscovered. His work had a strong influence on the music of subsequent composers, including

XX century.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

(1756-1791)

a prominent representative of the Vienna classical school of composition. He was also a virtuoso violinist, harpsichordist, organist, and conductor. According to contemporaries, he had a phenomenal ear for music, memory and the ability to improvise. Mozart wrote 68 sacred works, 23 works for the theater, 22 sonatas for harpsichord, 45 sonatas and variations for violin and harpsichord, 32 string quartets, 49 symphonies, 55 concertos, etc., for a total of 626 works.

Ludwig van Beethoven

(1770-1827)

great German composer, conductor and pianist. Beethoven is the author of many works that struck his contemporaries with the drama and novelty of the musical language. Among them: piano sonatas No. 8 (“Pathetic”), 14 (“Moonlight”), sonata No. 21 (“Aurora”).

Niccolo Paganini

Italian violinist and virtuoso guitarist, composer. One of the brightest personalities in the musical history of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Recognized genius of world musical art. From the age of six, Paganini played the violin, and at the age of nine he gave a concert in Genoa, which was a huge success. As a boy, he wrote several works for the violin, which were so difficult that no one but himself could play them.

(1782-1840)

Franz Peter Schubert

Austrian composer, one of the largest representatives of the Viennese classical music school and one of the founders of romanticism in music. After his death, a mass of manuscripts remained, which later saw the light (6 masses, 7 symphonies, 15 operas, etc.). Franz Schubert, a German composer, lived only 31 years old, but wrote over 600 songs, many beautiful symphonies and sonatas, a large number of choirs and chamber music. He worked very hard.

(1797-1828)

Felix Mendelssohn

German composer and conductor, one of the largest representatives of the romantic direction in music, author of the famous wedding march. The composer's style is distinguished by filigree technique, beauty and grace, and clarity of presentation. For the bright and cheerful nature of the music, Schumann called Mendelssohn "Mozart of the 19th century." Great are the merits of Mendelssohn as a conductor.

(1809-1847)

Frederic Chopin

Polish composer and pianist for a long time living in France. Author of numerous works for piano. He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poeticized and dramatized dances - mazurka, polonaise, waltz; turned the scherzo into an independent work. Enriched harmony and piano texture; combined classic form with melodic richness and fantasy. In his piano performance, the depth and sincerity of feelings were combined with elegance and technical perfection.

( 1810-1849 )

Robert Schumann

German composer and pianist. One of the most famous composers of the first half of the 19th century, representing the direction of romanticism. Schumann's music for the dramatic poem "Manfred" by J. Byron was a creative success. Schumann made a great contribution to music criticism. Promoting the work of classical musicians on the pages of his magazine, fighting against the anti-artistic phenomena of our time, he supported the new European romantic school.

(1810-1856)

Franz (Franz) Liszt

composer, pianist, teacher, conductor, publicist, one of the largest representatives of musical romanticism. Liszt became the greatest pianist of the 19th century. His era was the heyday of concert pianism, Liszt was at the forefront of this process, having limitless technical possibilities. Until now, his virtuosity remains a guide for modern pianists, and his works are the pinnacles of piano virtuosity.

World classical music is unthinkable without the works of Russian composers. Russia, a great country with talented people and its cultural heritage, has always been among the leading locomotives of world progress and art, including music. The Russian school of composers, whose traditions were continued by the Soviet and today's Russian schools, began in the 19th century with composers who combined European musical art with Russian folk melodies, linking together the European form and the Russian spirit. The work of Russian composers of the late 19th - first half of the 20th century is a holistic continuation of the traditions of the Russian school. At the same time, the concept of approach to the "national" affiliation of this or that music has changed, there is practically no direct quotation of folk melodies, but the Russian intonational basis, the Russian soul, has remained.

Quote by M. I. Glinka: “In order to create beauty, you yourself must be pure in soul.” Quote about M. I. Glinka: “The entire Russian symphonic school, like the whole oak in an acorn, is contained in the symphonic fantasy “Kamarinskaya”. P.I. Tchaikovsky Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka

Opera "Ivan Susanin" On November 27, 1836, the first performance of Glinka's opera was given on the stage of the Bolshoi Petersburg (Stone) Theater (Mariinsky Theatre). "Life for the Tsar" ("Ivan Susanin"). The first premiere was attended by Emperor Nicholas I. Kukolnik Nestor Vasilyevich, a Russian prose writer, poet and playwright of the first half of the 19th century, recalled: “The Russian theater witnessed an indescribable delight; not only delight, but also tenderness: I myself saw how many ladies and men wept. Even the king himself shed a tear ... ". Everything here was new: the national warehouse of music and types, the originality of artistic tasks, the originality of their implementation ... Nestor Kukolnik, a portrait by Karl Bryullov, 1836

Opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" based on the poem of the same name by A. S. Pushkin with the preservation of the original verses. “The first thought about Ruslan and Lyudmila was given to me by our famous comedian Shakhovsky ... At one of the evenings of Zhukovsky, Pushkin, speaking of his poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, said that he would have redone a lot; I wanted to know from him what kind of alterations he intended to make, but his premature death did not allow me to fulfill this intention. M. Glinka Overture to the opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" listen to the title page of the edition of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila".

Work on the opera began in 1837 and went on for five years with interruptions. Glinka started composing music without having a libretto ready. Due to the death of Pushkin, he was forced to turn to other poets, including amateurs from among friends and acquaintances Nestor Kukolnik, Valerian Shirkov, Nikolai Markevich and others. The premiere of the opera took place on December 9, 1842 at the Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg. Opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila"

N. N. Ge "Fight of Ruslan with the head" painting of the 19th century. from the collection of illustrations for the works of A.S. Pushkin in the collection of the Museum-Reserve "Mikhailovskoe"

"Literary Heritage" by M. I. Glinka was collected in two volumes under the editorship of V. M. Bogdanov-Berezovsky in the years. and includes letters, documents, autobiographical and creative materials of the great Russian composer ... Literary heritage of M. I. Glinka

The complete works of M. I. Glinka include: Literary works written by the great composer, business papers, as well as correspondence. The publication was published in Moscow in the years. T. 2 (B): Literary works and correspondence / prepared. volumes A. S. Rozanov, p. : ill., music. works, port., fig. T. 2 (A): Literary works and correspondence / comp.: A. S. Lyapunova, A. S. Rozanov p. : ill. T. 1: Literary works and correspondence / comp. A. S. Lyapunova p. : ill., music. pr. - Decree: from the Notation: from the "Literary Heritage" of M. I. Glinka

Petrushanskaya E. Mikhail Glinka and Italy. Mysteries of life and creativity. - M. : Classics - XXI, - 445 p. : ill. The patriarch of Russian musical culture, Mikhail Glinka, in a rather unexpected incarnation of a “Russian European”, is considered from this angle in this monograph, written by Elena Petrushanskaya, a senior researcher at the Russian Institute of Art Studies. This study was carried out using previously inaccessible sources stored in the Italian archives. The edition is supplied with musical examples and unique illustrations.

Borodin Alexander Porfirievich Quote about A. P. Borodin: “Borodin's talent is equally powerful and amazing both in the symphony, and in the opera and in the romance. Its main qualities are gigantic strength and breadth, colossal scope, swiftness and impetuosity, combined with amazing passion, tenderness and beauty ”V. V. Stasov

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (), one of the leading Russian composers of the second half of the 19th century, in addition to composing talent, was a chemist, doctor, teacher, critic and had literary talent. A.P. Borodin is a Russian composer-nugget, he did not have professional teachers-musicians, all his achievements in music are due to independent work mastering the technique of composing.

The Mighty Handful (Balakirev Circle, New Russian Musical School) is a creative community of Russian composers that formed in St. Petersburg in the late 1850s and early 1860s. It included: Mily Alekseevich Balakirev (), Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (), Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (), Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov () and Caesar Antonovich Cui (). The ideological inspirer and main non-musical consultant of the circle was the art critic, writer and archivist Vladimir Vasilyevich Stasov. Members of the "Mighty Handful" recorded and studied samples of Russian musical folklore and Russian church singing. They embodied the results of their research in operas, including The Tsar's Bride, The Snow Maiden, Khovanshchina, Boris Godunov, Prince Igor by A. P. Borodin The Mighty Handful - the union of Russian composers of the 19th century

The central place in the work of A. P. Borodin is occupied by the opera "Prince Igor" (), which is an example of a national heroic epic in music. In "Prince Igor", against the backdrop of majestic pictures of historical events, is reflected the main idea of the composer's entire work - courage, calm grandeur, spiritual nobility of the best Russian people and the mighty strength of the entire Russian people, manifested in the defense of the motherland. Opera "Prince Igor"

Song of the Slaves from the Opera "Prince Igor" The libretto of the opera "Prince Igor" was written by the composer himself in collaboration with V. V. Stasov based on the story "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". To appreciate the quality of the libretto, which requires both a sensitive attitude to the ancient Russian source, and artistic interpretation, and the consistency of the music of the word and vocal-instrumental music, it is enough to recall at least the lines of the choir of slaves, along with a beautiful melody: “Fly away on the wings of the wind You are to the land dear, our dear song, To where we sang you freely, Where it was so free for you and me. There, under the sultry sky, The air is full of bliss, There, under the voice of the sea, Mountains slumber in the clouds; There the sun shines so brightly, Filling the native mountains with light, In the valleys the roses bloom magnificently, And the nightingales sing in the green forests, And sweet grapes grow. There you have more freedom, song, You go there and fly away ... "

Borodin, A.P. "On Music and Musicians": from the composer's letters. - Moscow: Gosmuzizdat, - 126 p. Repin I. E. Portrait of A. P. Borodin - composer and scientist

Borodin, A.P. "On Music and Musicians": from the composer's letters / comp. V. A. Kiselev. - Moscow: Gosmuzizdat, - 126 p. From the compiler Numerous letters of A. P. Borodin were collected, commented on and published in four volumes under the editorship of S. A. Dianin. According to their content, one can imagine a picture of the richly eventful life of the composer - incessant burning and a desire to help anyone who turned to him for help ... In the letters of A.P. Borodin, along with purely everyday messages, phrases are often slipped that illuminate his musical and creative activity. He talked a lot with composers, performers, and with such an outstanding critic as V.V. Stasov, whose assessments of musical works, always bright, completely objective, testify to the presence of his own opinion, free from any kind of influence. This book contains the statements of A.P. Borodin in letters about his own work, about the musical life of St. Petersburg in the second half of the 19th century, about meetings with F. Liszt and much more ...

slide 1

Johann Strauss (1825-1899) Famous Austrian composer and conductor. Born October 25, 1825 in Vienna. Johann's father was the famous composer Johann Strauss. The Strauss family had seven sons, all of whom later became musicians. Biography of Strauss as a child was far from music. The father forbade Johann to play, not wanting to see the boy's future in the musical direction. Officially studying at the Polytechnic School, the future composer Strauss learns music in secret from his parents. Only after the departure of his father to another family, Johann, without hiding, takes lessons. In 1844, in the biography of Johann Strauss, the right to conduct in the Vienna magistrate was obtained. Johann organized a small orchestra playing his works. Strauss's music at the very first performance amazed the audience, who saw the composer as a competitor to his father. From that moment on, a fierce struggle arose between father and son. Strauss Sr., using his connections, limited the circle of his son's speeches as best he could. Meanwhile, he continued to play at social events. Perhaps he feared that his son would turn out to be a much better musician. Along with this, there is a divorce process between the parents, in which the father leaves the family practically impoverished. But unexpectedly in 1849, Johann's father dies. After that, the father's orchestra without reservation joins the son's orchestra. The music of Johann Strauss was so fond of the public that he was invited to all concerts and balls.

slide 2

COMPOSERS OF THE 19TH CENTURY Richard Wagner 1813-1883 P. I. Tchaikovsky 1840-1865 Jacques Offenbach 1819-1880 Manuel De Falla 1876-1946 Johann Strauss 1825-1899 Carl Orff 1895-1982

slide 3

Carl Orff (1895-1982) German composer, teacher, theater figure and playwright (07/10/1895 - 03/29/1982). In 1913-14 he studied composition at the Munich Academy of Musical Art, improved under G. Kaminsky. He worked as a bandmaster at the Drama Theater in Munich, and later performed as a conductor in concerts. In 1924 he participated in the organization of the school of gymnastics, music and dance in Munich. By the mid 30s. proved to be an original composer in the musical theater. Orff became widely known as the author of major stage works of a synthetic plan, combining elements of drama, singing, recitation, choreography, pantomime and a peculiar, originally interpreted orchestra with a predominance of percussion instruments. Orff's works give a new interpretation of the plays of Sophocles ("Antigone", 1947-48; "Oedipus Rex", 1957-58), Shakespeare ("A Midsummer Night's Dream", 1962), Aeschylus ("Prometheus", 1963-67) or are reworking the plots of fairy tales ("Moon", 1937-38; "Clever Girl", 1941-42; "Sly", 1945-52), historical chronicles, mysteries (over 15 in total). As a teacher, Orff developed a system of musical education based on the collective music-making of children. Compiled a collection of educational plays (vols. 1-5, 1951-55, together with G. Ketman), including choirs, instrumental pieces for various ensembles, theater. skits, etc. In 1962, the Orff Institute was opened in Salzburg (a branch high school music and theater "Mozarteum", led by Austrian teachers W. Keller and G. Regner), which works with children and trains teachers on an international scale. The Orff system has become widespread in many countries of the world.

slide 4

Manuel de Falla (1876-1946) Spanish composer. He received his first music lessons from his mother, a pianist. Then he continued his education at the Madrid Conservatory with J. Trago (piano) and F. Pedrel (composition). As a composer, Falla made his debut with two zarzuelas. In 1905, his two-act opera "Life is short" won the Spanish Academy of Fine Arts. In 1907 Falla arrived in Paris, where he remained until 1914. Friendly relations he was associated with Debussy, Duke (who helped him with advice in the field of composition and instrumentation), as well as with I. Albeniz. Falla's revised opera "Life is short" was staged with success in 1913 in Nice. At the beginning of World War I, Falla returned to Spain. During these years he wrote the ballets The Corregidor and the Miller's Woman after P. de Alarcón (staged in 1919 by the Diaghilev Ballets Russes under the title The Three-Cornered Hat) and Love the Enchantress (staged in 1915 in Madrid); the music of these ballets is widely known in the form of symphonic suites. In 1916, in Madrid, the author performed for the first time a three-movement work for piano and orchestra "Nights in the Gardens of Spain" (1909 - 1915), subtitled "Symphonic Impressions".

slide 5

Jacques Offenbach (1819–1880) JACQUES OFFENBACH German-French composer. Born June 21, 1819 in Cologne in a Jewish family; the composer's father was the cantor of the local synagogue. The boy showed early musical abilities (he played the cello), and in 1833 his father brought him to Paris, the then musical capital of Europe. After briefly studying at the Paris Conservatory, the young Offenbach began to lead the life of a free artist - composer and performer. The first success brought him a concert trip to England: there he played in front of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. In 1860 he became a French citizen, and in 1862 he was awarded the Legion of Honor. For seven years (1848-1855) Offenbach was the musical director of the Comédie Française, but in 1855 he left this post and opened his own theater, Bouffe-Parisien. The one-act operetta Two Blind Men (Les Deux Aveugles, 1855) instantly became the "highlight of the season", and Offenbach's affairs quickly went uphill. Over the next quarter of a century, he showed more than 90 of his works, and, as a rule, on a fairly large scale, and became the most popular author of operettas in all of Europe, especially in England and Austria.

1 slide

Russian composers of the second half of the 19th century "Culture of Russia in the second half of the 19th century" Grade 8

2 slide

Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich (1840-1893) Russian composer. Subtle psychologist, master symphonist, musical playwright. Tchaikovsky revealed in music inner world man (from lyrical sincerity to the deepest tragedy), created the highest examples of operas, ballets, symphonies, chamber works. Professor of the Moscow Conservatory (1866-78). In 1894 the Tchaikovsky House Museum was opened in Klin, in 1940 a memorial museum in Votkinsk.

3 slide

Operas: "Eugene Onegin" (1878, lyrical scenes new type operas), "Mazepa" (1883), "Cherevichki" (1885), "The Enchantress" (1887), "The Queen of Spades" (1890), "Iolanta" (1891) and others. dramaturgy); "Swan Lake" (1876), "Sleeping Beauty" (1889), "The Nutcracker" (1892). The world masterpieces include 6 symphonies (1866-93), the symphony "Manfred" (1885), the fantasy overture "Romeo and Juliet" (1866-93), the fantasy "Francesca da Rimini" (1876), "Italian Capriccio" (1880 ), 3 concertos for piano and orchestra (1875-93); concerto for violin and orchestra, "Variations on a Rococo Theme" for cello and orchestra (1876), piano trio "In Memory of a Great Artist" (1882), romances.

4 slide

Rachmaninov Sergei Vasilyevich (1873-1943) - Russian composer, pianist, conductor. Rachmaninov was born into a noble family in the Starorussky district of the Novgorod province in the Oneg estate on March 20, 1873. The history of the Rachmaninov family goes back to the grandson of the Moldavian Tsar Stefan the Great Vasily, nicknamed Rachmanin. From the age of 4-5 he played the piano (he studied with his mother and teacher A. D. Ornatskaya). From 1882 he studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory with V. V. Demyansky, from 1885 at the Moscow Conservatory with N. S. Zverev and A. I. Siloti (piano), S. I. Taneyev and A. S. Arensky (composition). At the age of 13, Rachmaninoff was introduced to Tchaikovsky. During the years of study, he composed a number of works, including the romance "In the silence of the secret night", the 1st concerto for piano and orchestra (1891, 2nd edition 1917). He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano (1891) and composition (1892, with a large gold medal). Graduate work Rachmaninov - one-act opera "Aleko" (libretto by Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko based on the poem "Gypsies" by A. S. Pushkin, staged in 1893, Bolshoi Theater, Moscow).

5 slide

At the age of 13, Rachmaninoff was introduced to Tchaikovsky. During the years of study, he composed a number of works, including the romance "In the silence of the secret night", the 1st concerto for piano and orchestra (1891, 2nd edition 1917). He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano (1891) and composition (1892, with a large gold medal). Rachmaninov's graduation work is the one-act opera "Aleko" (libretto by Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko based on the poem "Gypsies" by A. S. Pushkin, staged in 1893, Bolshoi Theater, Moscow).

6 slide

Skryabin Alexander Nikolaevich (1871/72-1915) Russian composer, pianist, teacher. His father was a diplomat, his mother was a pianist. He studied at the Moscow Cadet Corps (1882–89). Musical talent manifested itself early. He took lessons (piano) from G. E. Konyus, N. S. Zverev. In 1892 he graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano with V. I. Safonov, and also studied with S. I. Taneyev (counterpoint) and A. S. Arensky (composition). He gave concerts in Russia and abroad, was an outstanding performer of his own compositions. M. P. Belyaev provided him with significant support (he published the works of the young composer, subsidized his concert trips).

7 slide

Piano and symphonic genres are represented in his creative work. In the 90s. preludes, mazurkas, etudes, impromptu, piano sonatas 1–3, a concerto for piano and orchestra were created in the 1900s. - 3 symphonies, sonatas 4-10 and poems for piano (including "Tragic", "Satanic", "To the Flame").