Small groups. Small group structure Communication in small groups presentation

02.08.2020

1. Small groupsSmall groups Grade 10. Profile. MBOU secondary school No. 55. Fedotova O.P.
2. PlanPlan  1. What is a small group1. What is a small group  2. What are groups2. What are the groups  3. Reference group3. Reference group  4. Interpersonal relationships c4. Interpersonal relations in groups groups  5. Integration in groups5. Integration in groups
3. 1. What is a small group1. What is a small group A small group of people whose members are united by common activities (goals and objectives) and are in direct personal communication The basis of relationships, values and norms of behavior is communication and joint activities
4. Small groupSmall group SOCIAL SYSTEM SOCIAL SYSTEM DYNAMIC SYSTEM DYNAMIC SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM HAS SOME SELF-SUFFICIENCY
5. 2. What are groups2. What are the groups (CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS) (CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS) CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL REAL LABORATORY AND NATURAL LARGE AND SMALL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
6. Small groupsSmall groups FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL MEMBERSHIP GROUPS AND REFERENCE MEMBERSHIP GROUPS AND REFERENCE GROUPS
7. 3. Reference group3. Reference group  GROUPS REAL OR CONDITIONAL GROUPS, SIGNIFICANT FOR A PERSON WITH WHICH HE RELATES HIMSELF AS A STANDARD, NORMS, THE VALUES OF WHICH HE SHARES, COMPARES HIS VIEWS AND ACTIONS WITH THEM
8. Functions of the reference groupFunctions of the reference group
9. 4. Interpersonal relationships4. Interpersonal relations in groups in groups OFFICIAL - UNOFFICIAL OFFICIAL - UNOFFICIAL BUSINESS - PERSONAL BUSINESS - PERSONAL RELATIONS VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL RELATIONSHIPS VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL RATIONAL - EMOTIONAL RATIONAL - EMOTIONAL Interpersonal relations in a group are a complex system of connections of an individual with a group and each of its members
10. 5. Integration in groups5. Integration in groups of unity and integrity and integrity * Differentiated * Differentiated system of all types of relations * Relations * Relations * Relations, moral, corresponding to the norms and requirements and requirements, developed, low -mashed group group group group
11. Group integration group integration Emotional identification of emotional identification (consciousness and experience of belonging to the group) (consciousness and experience of belonging to the group) The consistency of the emotionally-role-role behavior of group members when solving general tasks when solving general tasks, the degree of joint representations, degree of joint representations, joint representations, joint representations, joint representations ORIENTATIONS, POSITIONS, OPINIONS ORIENTATIONS, POSITIONS, OPINIONS IN RELATION TO OBJECTS
12. Group integration group integration Continuous and stable existing existence and sustainable existence of the processes of cohesion, leadership and processes of cohesion, leadership and leadership  deindelization of the individualization of personality in grouping in the group  Weakening individual indivisibility of responsibility  Friendly relations  Friendly relations

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Small groups The presentation was made by the teacher of history and social studies of the Municipal Educational Institution of the city of Kurgan "Secondary School No. 56" Kashina Irina Viktorovna

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Question 1 Establishing and developing contacts between people in the process joint activities scientists designate the concept of 1) freedom 2) communication 3) exchange 4) creativity

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Question 2 Which of the following concepts unites all the others? 1) interpersonal relationships 2) formal relationships 3) informal relationships 4) labor Relations

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Question 3 Grandmother taught her granddaughter how to cook pies with cabbage. What form of communication does this example illustrate? 1) exchange of opinions 2) exchange of information 3) transfer of experience 4) expression of experiences

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Question 4 Are the following statements about communication correct? A. Communication accompanies a person throughout his conscious life B. Communication can evoke any emotion in a person. 1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong

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Question 5 The human need for communication caused the emergence of: the collective labor of language learning activities

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Question 6 Mechanisms of cognition and understanding of each other by people reflection causal attribution identification empathy attraction

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Question 7 Reflection is ……. a mechanism of self-knowledge in the process of communication, which is based on the ability of a person to imagine how he is perceived by a communication partner; a mechanism for interpreting the actions and feelings of another person, the desire to clarify the causes of the subject's behavior;

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Question 8 A communication barrier is ... a psychological obstacle to the adequate transfer of information between communication partners a complex, multifaceted process of establishing and developing contacts between people a process that includes the development of a unified interaction strategy, perception and understanding of another person

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Question 9 Three interrelated functions of communication identified in social psychology imperative perceptual dialogical communicative interactive

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Question 10 "All girls are crybabies" - this statement demonstrates Attraction Identification Empathy Stereotyping

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concept small group A small group is a small group of people whose members are united by common activities (goals and objectives) and are in direct personal communication. The vital activity of the individual is carried out in the community of people. Small groups, collectives are an example of communities of people of various levels and scales.

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A small group is a small association of people from 2-3 to 20-30 people engaged in some common business and in direct relationship with each other. The small group is the elementary cell of society. In it, a person spends most of his life. Small groups can be different in size, in the nature and structure of the relations existing between their members, in individual composition, in the characteristics of values, norms and rules of relationships shared by the participants, in interpersonal relations, goals and content of activities. Examples of small groups that are most significant for a person are the family, classroom, labor collective, associations of close people, friends.

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Characteristics of a small group Psychological commonality Based on the fact that people are aware of their belonging to a certain group - a group that has its own special interests, norms, values, goals. behavioral commonality

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Communication and joint activities are considered as the basis for the emergence of emotional relations in the group (likes, dislikes, indifference) and special group values and norms of behavior. Group norms are certain rules that are developed or adopted by a group and to which the behavior of its members must obey.

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Small group: social system. Dynamic system. open system. Has self-sufficiency.

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Types of groups Conditional (nominal) - groups that unite people who do not have direct relationships and contacts with each other. Real - really existing associations of people connected with each other by certain relationships and realizing their belonging to it. Laboratory Created specifically by social psychologists for experimental tasks. Natural Arise in the course of the development of society. Large Small Ethnic, Classes, Professional, Sports. teams, gender and age. yard companies of friends.

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Natural groups Primary There are direct contacts between people. This group is identified with the small group. Family, group of friends, team. Secondary Groups, where there are no direct contacts between group members, and "intermediaries" are used for communication.

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Small groups Formal Created by a specific organization with specific tasks to achieve any specific goals. Informal Voluntary Communities, formed on the basis of common interests, friendships, mutual sympathy.

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The presentation on the topic "Small groups" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Subject of the project: Sociology. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 10 slide(s).

Presentation slides

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The concept of a small group

A small group is a small group of people whose members are united by common activities (goals and objectives) and are in direct personal communication. Characteristics: Psychological community The presence of "we-feelings" Behavioral community Basis: Communication and joint activities - the basis for the emergence of emotional relationships in the group and special group values and norms of behavior.

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Small group as a system

Social system Dynamic system Open system Self-sufficiency

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Classification of small groups

Conditional groups Unite people who do not have direct relationships and contacts with each other. Real groups Really existing associations of people connected with each other by certain relationships and aware of their belonging to it. They arise: in connection with the needs of society; at the request of the people included in this group.

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Laboratory groups Created specifically by social psychologists to perform experimental tasks in accordance with the goals of their research. Natural groups Arise in the course of the development of society. Subdivided: into large and small; primary and secondary Primary - there are direct contacts between people Secondary - there are no direct contacts between its members, and various "intermediaries" are used for communication

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Formal groups Created by certain organizations with specific tasks to achieve any specific goals. It clearly defines the roles, statuses of its members, the system of leadership and subordination Informal groups Voluntary communities of people that are formed on the basis of common interests, friendships, mutual sympathy. They appear on their own. May occur within formal groups. Statuses and roles are not spelled out, but there are unwritten rules and norms regarding acceptable behavior and duties.

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Reference groups

Reference groups are real or conditional groups that are significant for a person, with which he relates himself as a standard, the norms, values, opinions and assessments of which he shares, compares his views and actions with him. Reference Group Functions: Normative Comparative

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SMALL GROUPSPlan:
1. What is a small group?
2. What are small groups?
3.
WHAT ROLE DO SMALL GROUPS PLAY IN
FORMATION OF A PERSON?

The concept of a small group

Small group – ……?

The concept of a small group

Small group -
small group of people, members
which are united by common activities (goals and
tasks) and are in direct personal
communication.

A small group is a small group of people from 2-3 to 20-30
people engaged in some common cause and in direct
relationships with each other. The small group is an elementary
cell of society. In it, a person spends most of his life.
Small groups can be different in size, character and structure.
relations existing between their members, by individual composition,
features of values, norms and rules of relationships shared by
participants, according to interpersonal relations, goals and content of the activity.
Examples of small groups, most
significant for a person are the family,
school class, labor collective,
association of close people, friends.

SMALL GROUPS

Do you think there is one
opinion of sociologists by definition
lower and upper limit of abundance
small group?

SMALL GROUPS

Groups of more than 30-40 can
a person defined as small?
WHY? (sl.4)
Give examples of obvious small groups
in accordance with the definition of the concept
"small group"

Small group characteristics

There are certain characteristics
small groups?
(next slide)

Small group characteristics

Psychological
commonality
based on the fact that people
aware of their
to belong to
certain group -
group with its own special
interests, norms, values,
goals.
The basis for the emergence
emotional relationships in
group - ???
behavioral
commonality
Group norms -
certain rules
which are made or
accepted by the group and who
must obey
the behavior of its members.

WHAT ARE THE GROUPS?

Group types

Conditional (nominal) –
groups that bring people together
without direct
relationships and contacts with each other
friend.
EXAMPLES-?
Real -
really existing
association of people connected
a certain relationship and
aware of their belonging to
him.
EXAMPLES-?
Laboratory
Created specially
social psychologists
for experimental
assignments.
EXAMPLES-?
Natural:
They arise during the development of society.
Large Ethnic,
professional,
Gender and age.
small classes,
Sport. teams,
yard
company of friends.

natural groups

Primary
Between people there are
immediate
contacts. This group
identified with small
group.
Family, group of friends, team.
Secondary
Groups where no
immediate
contacts between members
groups, but for communication
are used
"intermediaries".

Small groups

Formal
Created by a certain
organization with
specific
goals to achieve
any specific
goals (relationships
vertical)
informal
Voluntary
community,
folding on
the basis of common interests,
friendships,
mutual sympathy
(horizontal relationship)

Reference groups

Groups, real or conditional,
significant for the person with whom he
relates itself to the standard, norms,
values, opinions and assessments of which he
shares, compares his views with them
and actions are called referential
groups (G.Hymen)
Basis for selection
reference groups - DEGREE
SIGNIFICANCE

Reference group functions:

Regulatory
Is in influence
groups for norms
behaviour, social
attitudes and values
orientation of the individual.
Comparative
It manifests itself in
system of values,
group rules and regulations
performs for the individual
a kind of standard
behavior, through
which he can
evaluate yourself and others.

Three Ways of Human Reaction
group pressure
CollectivismSuggestibilityUnconscious
line acceptance
behavior, opinion
groups
Conformity
(conformism) external agreement
with internal
divergence from
group opinion
conscious
agreement with the opinion
groups, adoption
and active
upholding
her values,
norms and ideals.

Interpersonal relations in a group is a complex system of connections with the group and each of its members. These relationships are felt and subjectively experienced

Interpersonal relationships in the group
Interpersonal relationships within a group are a complex system connections with
group and each of its members. These relationships are also felt subjectively.
experienced by the individual.
Types of relationships:
Official
unofficial
Business
Personal
Vertical Relationships
Relationships horizontally
Rational
emotional

FIXING

Formulate 3 questions that you can
would be used to anchor
studied material.

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A person is associated with small groups from the moment of his birth. In small groups, he receives information about the world, builds relationships with other people and organizes his activities. In small groups, the general patterns of each of the three aspects of communication are manifested: information exchange, understanding, interaction. Through such a group, a person learns the values and norms that are formed in society.

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SMALL GROUP - a small group of people whose members are united by common activities (goals and objectives) and are in direct personal communication. WHAT IS A SMALL GROUP Psychological community Behavioral community people are aware of their belonging to a certain group - a group that has its own special group interests, norms, values and goals. We-feelings are the characteristic of the group GROUP RULES are certain rules that are developed or adopted by the group and to which the behavior of its members must obey.

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Small group size:

A small group begins with a union of 2-3 people. On the issue of the upper limit of the size of a small group, different points of view are expressed - from 8-10 to 30-40 people. Most often, groups with more than 20 people are not defined as small. The reason for this is that the direct interaction of group members and the personal impact on each other, which are hallmarks such a group are less pronounced.

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Characteristics of a small group:

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Group types:

Conditional (or nominal) groups are called groups that unite people who do not have direct relationships and contacts with each other. From the residents of a particular subject of the Russian Federation, a group of people with a certain level of education, or a certain disease, or in need of separate housing is statistically distinguished. Real Real groups are actually existing associations of people who are connected by certain relationships and are aware of their belonging to it (a family, a team of workers, a student group, a school class, a yard company).

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Real groups

Laboratory groups are specially created by social psychologists to perform experimental tasks in connection with the goals of their research (for conducting sociological research). Laboratory Natural arise during the development of society Large Small Ethnic groups, professional groups, gender and age groups (in particular, youth, pensioners, etc.). School classes, sports teams, yard groups of friends.

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Laboratory Natural The presence or absence of direct contacts between members Primary Secondary (family, group of friends, team, etc.) there are direct contacts between people. Is a small group. these are groups where there are no direct contacts between its members, and various “intermediaries” are used for communication. If the student group can be considered as a primary group, then all students of the course and faculty constitute a secondary association.

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Small groups

(organized, official) Formal groups are created by a specific organization with specific tasks to achieve any specific goals. It initially defined the status of its members, strictly distributed roles, a system of leadership and subordination (football team) Formal Informal (informal, spontaneous) Informal groups are voluntary communities of people that are formed on the basis of common interests, friendships, mutual sympathy. Neither statuses nor roles in such groups are prescribed, they do not have a given system of relationships, but there are unwritten rules and norms regarding acceptable behavior and duties (friends in the school class).

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Reference groups

The basis for the allocation of reference groups is the degree of significance of the group for the formation of the individual's attitudes, his orientation to group norms and values in his behavior, assessment of the behavior of other people and self-esteem. Membership groups are considered by an individual only as a place of his stay and do not affect the system of his values, social attitudes (purchase of a voucher, security, tourist package).

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groups, real or conditional, significant for a person, with which he relates himself as a standard, the norms, values, opinions and assessments of which he shares, compares his views and actions with them.

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company in the yard or close friends Real Conditional Heroes of books, writers or scientists of the past… The person builds his own assumptions about the possible opinion of this group about himself. For a teenager, the conditional reference group is often made up of a father, a close friend, an idol, a literary hero, a performing musician, etc.

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Reference group functions

The comparative function is manifested in the fact that the system of values, norms and rules of the group acts for the individual as a kind of standard of behavior, with the help of which he can evaluate himself and others. The normative function consists in the influence of the group on the norms of behavior, social attitudes and value orientations of the individual.

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Interpersonal relationships in groups

Psychologically, the group consists of various kinds of interpersonal relationships of people to common cause and to each other. Interpersonal relations in a group are a complex system of connections between an individual and a group and each of its members.

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Types of interpersonal relationships:

Relationships arising from job basis are called official. They are established by approved norms and rules (law, instructions, regulations, charters, etc.). On the basis of the personal relationship of a person to a person in a group, informal relations are formed. For them, there are no generally accepted norms, rules, requirements and regulations. In connection with the main joint activity for the group, business interpersonal relations arise. They are conditioned official position members of the group and the performance of their functional duties. Regardless of the main activity of the group, personal relationships arise. They are primarily conditioned by likes and dislikes. There are vertical relationships (interpersonal relationships formed between people occupying different positions in the official or informal structure of the group) and horizontal relationships (interpersonal relationships of people occupying the same position in the official or informal structure of the group). There are rational relations, in which people's knowledge of each other and their objective characteristics come to the fore, and emotional ones, which are based on the individual perception of a person by a person.

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Sociometry

Sociometry is the measurement of relations within a group according to criteria (questions) that cover the most significant situations of communication for this group. The method of sociometry is based on the fact that the definition of relationships in a group is associated with the behavior of people in a situation of choice. The sociometric method consists in the analysis of the choices made by all the people in the group. In this case, one choice is possible (for example, one person is required to be indicated on the question) or several choices according to the degree of significance (“Who do you choose first, second, third, etc.”).

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Integration in groups of different levels of development

One of the aspects of studying a small group is group integration (from Latin integer - whole) - the state of the group, characterized by signs of psychological unity, its integrity as a social community.

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A developed small group is:

a fairly differentiated system of all types of relations has developed; these relations are moral, corresponding to social norms and meet the requirements set by society for the individual and social association.

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Integration issues

Group integration has a downside. It is associated with the process of deindividualization of the personality in the group, when the feeling of "We" becomes stronger than the feeling of "I". This can lead to a weakening of individual responsibility for their behavior. Integration in groups based on humanistic values is associated with the formation and development of good personal, emotionally favorable, trusting, friendly relations. Friendships are characterized by a deep emotional attachment of people to each other.

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