The system of social services for the population in Russia. The system of social service institutions The system of social services for the population in the Russian Federation

System social services includes a network of specialized institutions designed to serve the relevant population groups.

An important place in this system is given to territorial centers social services population.

The territorial social service is a set of governing bodies and specialized institutions that provide direct social services to various groups and categories of the population on the territory of various administrative units of the Russian Federation: in regions, urban and rural areas, microdistricts, etc.

The functions of managing the issues of social services for the population in the jurisdictional territory are carried out by the bodies of social protection of the population. Local authorities (as well as non-state, public, private and other organizations with a license) create specialized social service institutions, the leading place among which is given to territorial social service centers. In accordance with the approximate Regulations on the Center for Social Services (order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated July 20, 1993 No. 137). The social service center is an institution of social protection of the population, carrying out organizational and practical activities to provide various types of social assistance to the elderly, the disabled and other groups of the population in need of social support. Such centers may have various social service units in their structure, including day care units for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, emergency social assistance services, as well as others created taking into account the need and available opportunities. Centers provide comprehensive social assistance different types: psychological, legal, rehabilitation, social - pedagogical, medical and social, preventive, etc.

The territorial service may also include functional specialized centers, institutions and social service enterprises, regardless of ownership.

Today one can observe how the network of institutions and enterprises of social services is constantly developing, new types of them are emerging, allowing them to cover an ever wider range of social problems of various strata and groups of the population. The social service system is still in the process of formation.

Financing of social service institutions is carried out, as a rule, on budgetary basis. Thus, the financial resources of the social service are formed from:

• - normative deductions from the budgets of the corresponding level in the amount of at least 2% of the expenditure part of the budget;
• - receipts from the fund of social support of the population due to the allocation of part of the funds for the purpose of social support for families with children;
• - funds from the federal budget for the implementation of statutory tasks;
• - finance as a result of the redistribution of funds between committees and departments of services at various levels for the implementation of regional, city and district programs;
• - additional funds for the regional and local budgets to provide targeted measures to adapt the population's income to the rising cost of living, and more;
• - income from paid services and from economic activity service institutions;
• - charitable donations and contributions from enterprises, public organizations and individuals, proceeds from charitable actions.

Funds of specialized centers are formed depending on the type of activity and the type of organization of their financing: budgetary, self-supporting or mixed. When the center organizes paid services to the population and makes a profit, it is directed to the further development of the main activity of the center and is exempt from taxation in terms of funds credited to the local budget.

The main principle of the organization of social services in the Russian Federation is the territorial principle. At the same time, the social services of various ministries and departments are considered as integral components (or sectors) of territorial social services.

Sometimes local social service institutions have dual administrative subordination and several sources of funding. At the same time, practice proves the need for the formation of a subsystem of social services within individual departments, for example, social protection of the population, education, the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the employment service.

However, the development of social service institutions is constrained today by the following factors:

• - weak legal base of the system of social services;
• - limited financial resources at the disposal of federal and regional governments, as well as local governments;
• - lack of coordination in the activities of ministries and departments in the field of social services;
• - shortage of personnel with professional training in the field social work;
• - low social status and inadequate wage social workers;
• - insufficient use of financial, economic and intellectual opportunities of non-governmental institutions.

Social service institutions for families and children

An important aspect in the regulation of socio-economic processes in society is the protection and support of the institution of the family. The basic principles in the organization of social assistance in this direction by state, municipal and public organizations can be expressed as follows:

• - expanding family opportunities to solve vital tasks;
• - establishing a family connection with other teams, organizations and social institutions that provide resources, support opportunities;
• - promotion of effective and humane development of the family as a socio-economic system;
• - development of self-help to improve family social policy in the territories.

Plans for the development of social service institutions for families and children are, as a rule, linked to the tasks of implementing regional family policy programs. Currently, horizontal structures of the system of social assistance to families are being developed at all levels, taking into account the specifics of the regions. So, at the district (city) level, the organizers of social services serving families should know the needs of the population for such services. For these purposes, it is necessary to take into account the types of families, the presence of acute problems, the attitude of the population towards such a service; in cases of need to form public opinion regarding the creation of an appropriate service and the possibility of applying to it for any resident of the region. The practice of developing family social assistance services in Russia shows that in a district (microdistrict) it is necessary to provide for the provision of a range of social services to both children and parents.

Regional institutions are also called upon to perform scientific and methodological functions: for example, a comprehensive regional center for social assistance to families and children or a regional center for social health of the population should, based on the local situation, come up with recommendations to power structures. Such regional institutions as the "Trust" service, etc., also seem to be quite promising.

The social assistance service should be organized as an open system in accordance with the social situation of a particular territory, where individual institutions and service units act as structures of elements created as needed.

The State Family and Children Assistance Service performs the following functions:

• - analytical: studies the problems and needs of families or members of the team;
• - planning and organizational: plans and organizes social services in society;
• - managerial: provides contact with government bodies on which the solution of the client's problems depends, achieves a solution, evaluates the results of certain activities, etc.;
• - informational: informs the population about the possibilities of service, new state decisions on social protection of the population.

Social work in these services can be expressed in various forms of assistance to the family. So, for example, there is emergency care for acute mental conditions of a person caused by social conditions or a difficult life situation, which is aimed at removing or reducing negative consequences such conditions, including the possibility of suicide. This assistance can be provided by such institutions and divisions of the service as helplines, emergency psychological help and others.

Help can be of a long-term nature, when in difficult life situations the client is provided not only with primary, but also with more in-depth support aimed at improving the situation, identifying internal reserves and developing a person’s faith in one’s own strength, in the ability to independently overcome life’s difficulties. Such assistance is provided in territorial centers for social assistance to families, social shelters for children and adolescents (mothers with children), rehabilitation centers, centers for helping children left without parental care, in psychological and pedagogical consultations, territorial teams of social workers, which include social workers specializing in different types of families, problems, etc.

The assistance provided can be direct or indirect. Direct assistance is aimed directly at protecting the rights and interests of a person, improving his living conditions, removing unwanted mental states, etc. Indirect assistance is provided through work with the client's social environment (family, members of the work team, friends, street company and others), through various government organizations and foundations.

In addition, assistance can be responsive - in response to the current situation or the client's request, as well as preventive in nature, that is, warning a predictable unfavorable situation.

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated April 14, 2013 No. 47, the Approximate Regulations on the Territorial Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children were approved, which defines it as an institution state system social protection of the population intended for comprehensive service on the territory of the city, district or microdistrict of families and children in need of social support, by providing timely and qualified social assistance of various types.

The center may have in its structure various departments of social services for families and children, including departments for primary admission, information, analysis and forecasting, socio-economic assistance, medical and social assistance, psychological and pedagogical assistance, prevention of neglect of children and adolescents, etc. d.

The purpose of the Center is to promote the realization of the right of families and children to protection and assistance from the state, the development and strengthening of the family as a social institution, the improvement of socio-economic living conditions, indicators of social health and well-being of the family and children, the humanization of family ties with society and the state, establishing harmonious family relationships.

The main tasks of the Center are:

• - identifying the causes and factors of social ill-being of specific families and children, their need for social assistance;
• - determination and provision of specific types and forms of socio-economic, medical-social, psychological-social, socio-pedagogical, legal and other social services to families and children in need of social assistance;
• - support for families and individuals in solving the problems of their self-sufficiency, realizing their own capabilities to overcome difficult life situations;
• - social patronage of families and individual citizens in need of social assistance, rehabilitation and support;
• - participation in the work on the prevention of neglect of minors, the protection of their rights;
• - analysis of the level of social services for families with children in the city, district, microdistrict, forecasting their need for social assistance and preparing proposals for the development of social services;
• - involvement of various state and non-governmental organizations in solving issues of social services for families and children.

The categories and groups of the population to which the Center provides social services include: - families: single-parent, large families, low-income, etc.; - children and adolescents who find themselves in unfavorable family conditions that threaten their health and development; orphaned or left without parental care; those with deviations in physical and mental development, including the disabled, etc.; - adult citizens (pregnant women and nursing mothers; those with dependent minor children, etc.); - former pupils of orphanages and boarding schools .

AT Russian Federation, as in the rest of the world, there is an aging population. According to the UN Population Division, in developed countries the proportion of older people will increase from 21 to 28% by 2050. In Russia, by 2010, the proportion of people of retirement age already exceeds one third.

In this regard, in modern conditions the institutions of social service for the elderly, interdepartmental work to organize social support for this group of the population are acquiring great importance. This is due not only to the increase specific gravity older people in the population, but also by solving the problems arising from this phenomenon: a change in the social status of a person in old age, the termination or restriction of labor activity, the transformation of value orientations, the very way of life and communication, as well as the emergence of various difficulties both in social and domestic, and in psychological adaptation to new conditions, which dictates the need to develop and implement specific approaches, forms and methods of social work with pensioners and the elderly.

Social services for the elderly are carried out in accordance with ethical principles international organization labor.

Personal dignity - the right to decent treatment, treatment, social assistance and support.

Freedom of choice - every elderly person has the right to choose between home care and shelter, temporary or permanent.

Assistance coordination - assistance provided by various social bodies should be active, coordinated and consistent.

Individualization of assistance - assistance is provided, first of all, to the elderly citizen himself, taking into account his environment.

Closing the gap between sanitation and social care- with the priority nature of the criterion of health status, the level of financial assistance cannot depend on the standard of living and place of residence.

The regulatory framework for social work with the elderly in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” (dated December 10, 1995), according to which the scope of social services provided to the elderly includes: household, socio-medical, psychological and pedagogical, social legal services; financial assistance and social adaptation and rehabilitation of the elderly.

At the initial stages of the development of the system of social assistance to the elderly, social workers were in the field of view of solving such urgent problems as catering, medical services, housing, material support in order to create normal living conditions for them.

At the present stage, the organization of assistance to the elderly, along with the solution of these traditional social problems, involves the development of social technologies, the introduction of which will help resolve issues related to psychological difficulties that arise in the elderly in the process of communication or due to loneliness, as well as socio-psychological problems How older people perceive others age groups, what are their social problems, their relationships with other people, the role and status of the elderly in the family and society, etc. It should be noted that there are various categories old people. Among them are people:

• - not in need of help;
• - partially disabled;
• - in need of service;
• - requiring constant care, etc.

As a rule, programs of social assistance, rehabilitation, correction are developed depending on belonging to one or another category of older people. The use of various principles, methods, and techniques of working with a client is also connected with this.

The main principles of working with the elderly are respect for and interest in the personality of the client, emphasis on the relevance and usefulness of his experience and knowledge to people around him. It is important to perceive an elderly person not only as an object, but also as a subject of social work. This should help to find and develop their internal reserves that contribute to self-realization, self-support and self-defense. An important role is played by the professional competence of a social worker, which includes knowledge of the gerontological and psychological characteristics of age, taking into account the client's belonging to a particular social group.

Assistance to the elderly is carried out by the bodies of social protection of the population through their branches, which identify and control, carry out various types of social support, offer and provide paid services. Social services are carried out by decision of the social protection authorities in institutions subordinate to them or under agreements concluded by social protection authorities with a social service institution of other forms of ownership.

The following institutions perform the function of social protection and assistance: - boarding houses; - departments for day and night stay; - special homes for single elderly; - hospitals and departments for chronic patients; - various types of hospitals; - territorial centers of social services; home care; - geriatric centers, etc.

Figure 1. The main scheme of the functioning of social services for the elderly

In the system of stationary institutions of the Russian Federation, a relatively new element is special houses for permanent residence single elderly people and married couples who have retained full or partial ability to self-service in everyday life and need appropriate conditions for self-realization of basic life needs.

The approximate Regulations on a special home for such pensioners (approved by order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated April 14, 1994 No. 47) lists its functions: - providing favorable conditions for living and self-service; medical care- creation of conditions for maintaining an active lifestyle, including feasible labor activity.

From the point of view of architecture and planning, special houses must comply with age characteristics living population of citizens. Such a house consists of one - two-room apartments, includes a complex of social services: medical office, a library and a room for club work, a dining room (buffet), points of orders for foodstuffs, delivery of things to the laundry and dry cleaning, as well as premises for work, etc.

The special house is equipped with small-scale mechanization facilities that facilitate the self-service of the elderly living in it, and it also organizes a round-the-clock dispatch center, provided with internal communication with all residential premises and external telephone communication.

Medical care for citizens living in a special house is carried out by the relevant specialists of territorial medical and preventive institutions.

Based on the current legislation, citizens living in such houses are paid a full pension. They have the right to priority referral to stationary institutions of the social protection authorities.

The organization of special homes for single elderly and elderly couples is one of the promising ways to solve a whole range of social problems of pensioners and elderly citizens.

Introduction

Currently in Russia there is a very contradictory and multifaceted situation, both moral and psychological, socio-economic, and spiritual. The economy is unstable. Tendencies of trouble (including social deviation) are becoming more and more pronounced. The number of people with income below the subsistence minimum is not decreasing. On the other hand, the differentiation of the population by income is becoming more acute. All this requires that the state and public associations of non-governmental organizations take appropriate measures. First, measures in the field of formation of a system for ensuring social security and social protection of the population.

One of the most significant trends in social policy today is the formation of a social service system, as well as the extensive use of modern technologies and methods in working with the population. In some works, social services for the population are analyzed as a very effective social technology that contributes to effective social support for citizens in a difficult social economic situation that impartially disrupts the life of a person or social group, in other works - as the latest paradigm of social work, in others - as a fundamentally sector of the social sphere.

Analyzing the process of becoming social profession, science and practice, its theorists say that in modern conditions social services are inferior as one of the paradigms of social work and the organizational form of this type social activities.

With the rapid formation of teams of qualified social workers and other specialists in the field of social pedagogy, social work and psychology and the creation and improvement of the network of territorial social services, the possibility of implementing social services in the conditions modern Russia becomes real and visible.

Social services are understood differently in all countries of the world, very often this term has different meanings.

In the Social Services Act in Finland, social services are understood to mean a multitude of social services, means of supporting existence, social benefits and related activities, serve to strengthen social security and contribute to the development of the community, family, individual.

The situation in Russian social services shows that theoretical background the content and essence of social services for families, women and children, and other categories of the population is protected.

1. Social service system

The system of social services for the population is determined not just by a set of institutions with the dynamics of their development in certain territories of the Russian Federation, but also by a set of components, namely: interdepartmental relationship, a certain procedure for interaction of social service bodies, reasonable actions of all institutions in favor of supporting various segments of the population; a certain way of organizing a regional ordered set of institutions related by common functions, goals, tasks; a form of organizational activity of social service institutions, a comparison of efforts aimed at the development of social services and the results of social services, which are manifested mainly in the degree of effectiveness of social services and satisfaction of clients of social services.

The federal laws "On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled" and "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" introduced a new understanding of the essence of social services for the population.

Article 1 of the federal law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” emphasizes that social services are the activities of social services for social support, the provision of socio-medical, social legal, social, psychological and pedagogical services and material assistance, in carrying out social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult everyday situations. Articles of the Law that reveal the main content of the types of social services, namely: social services in stationary conditions, material assistance, social services at home, provision of temporary shelter, organization of day stay in social service institutions, advisory assistance, social patronage of citizens and families are the most important for society.

The Law “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens” significantly expands and clarifies the idea of ​​social services for certain social groups in our society.

Its goal is to regulate relations in the field of social services for the elderly and disabled, which is one of the main areas of efforts for the social protection of the population. "Social service is an activity to meet the needs of these citizens in social services" - this is how the subject is defined in this law.

Social services cover the entire set of social services provided to the disabled and elderly citizens in social service institutions (regardless of ownership) at home.

Basic principles of social services: totality, confidentiality, humanity, targeting, voluntariness, priority, provision of social services to minors, the elderly and disabled people in difficult life situations; observance of human and civil rights.

The law provides an opportunity to receive social services sufficient to meet basic needs. These services are included in the territorial and federal list of social services provided by the state.

The term "social service" describes some ideal object. Based on its system properties, social service is a set of subsystems and elements. From another point of view, social service is a type of social activity implemented through a network of social services that interact with each other to achieve the transitional and final goals of providing social services to clients.

1.1 The concept and principles of social services

An integral element of the state system social security in the Russian Federation, social services for the elderly, the disabled and families with children are used, which include various types of social services aimed at meeting the special needs of this contingent of people. Currently, the state is making great efforts to create integrated system social services for the population, allocation financial resources for its development. The main laws that formed the legal basis for its functioning have already been adopted: Federal Law No. 195-FZ of December 10, 1995 “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”; Federal Law No. 122-FZ of August 2, 1995 “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled”; Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On the Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”, etc.

Social service is the activity of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult situations.

Social services provided by state social services are provided free of charge (in the amounts determined by the state):

o Minor children who are in a difficult life situation due to disability, conflicts and abuse in the family, illness, orphanhood, neglect, low income, etc.

o Citizens who are not capable of self-care due to disability, old age, illness, or if they do not have relatives who can provide them with assistance and care, provided that the average per capita income of these citizens is below the subsistence minimum established for the region in which they live. citizens who are in a difficult life situation due to unemployment, natural disasters, catastrophes;

For the first time in domestic legislation, the concept of such a socially significant circumstance as difficult life situation.

Difficult life situation- a situation that objectively disrupts the life of a citizen, which he cannot overcome on his own. The reasons for its occurrence can be a variety of circumstances: disability, advanced age, illness, orphanhood, abuse in the family, unemployment, lack of a fixed place of residence, etc.

The following have the right to social services:

Citizens of the Russian Federation;

· foreigners and stateless persons, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

1.2 Social service principles

Social services are based on the following principles.

Targeting, i.e. providing personalized to a specific person. Work to identify and create a database of such persons is underway local authorities social protection of the population at the place of residence of the disabled, the elderly, large and single families. Public education authorities also have information about orphans, single families and families with many children; about refugees - the migration service, about persons without a fixed place of residence - the internal affairs bodies, etc.

Availability. The possibility of free and partially paid social services, which are included in the federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services, is provided. Their quality, volume, procedure and conditions of rendering must comply with state standards established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Reducing their volume at the territorial level is not allowed.

1. FEDERAL LAW ON THE BASIS OF SOCIAL SERVICE FOR THE POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

(as amended by the Federal Laws of July 10, 2002 N 87-FZ,

dated 25.07.2002 N 115-FZ, dated 10.01.2003 N 15-FZ, dated 22.08.2004 N 122-FZ)

This Federal Law in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms international law sets the foundations legal regulation in the field of social services for the population in the Russian Federation.

Chapter I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Social services

Social service is the activity of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult situations.

Article 2. Legislation of the Russian Federation on social services

The legislation of the Russian Federation on social services consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Article 3. Basic concepts

The following basic concepts are used in this Federal Law:

1) social services - enterprises and institutions, regardless of the form of ownership, providing social services, as well as citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activity on social services for the population without education legal entity;

2) a client of a social service - a citizen who is in a difficult life situation, who, in connection with this, is provided with social services;

3) social services - actions to provide certain categories citizens in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, a client of the social assistance service provided for by this Federal Law;

4) difficult life situation - a situation that objectively disrupts the life of a citizen (disability, inability to self-service due to old age, illness, orphanhood, neglect, low income, unemployment, lack of a fixed place of residence, conflicts and abuse in the family, loneliness, etc. ), which he cannot overcome on his own.

Article 4 Social service systems

1. The state system of social services - a system consisting of state enterprises and social service institutions that are the property of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and are under the jurisdiction of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 122-FZ of 22.08.2004)

2. Social services are also provided by enterprises and institutions of other forms of ownership and citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities for social services to the population without forming a legal entity.

3. The state supports and encourages the development of social services, regardless of the form of ownership.

2) Decree of the Government of St. Petersburg dated July 3, 2007 No. 732 “On the development plan for the system of social service institutions for the population of St. Petersburg in the territories of St. Petersburg districts for 2007-2010”.

In order to create an optimal system of social service institutions for the population, a development plan for the system of social service institutions for the population was approved. In accordance with the Concept for the Development of the System of Social Protection of the Population of St. Petersburg for 2006-2010, in each district of the city, by the end of 2010, such a system of social services should be created that would fully meet the needs of all categories of citizens and meet modern requirements. The system includes three types of institutions: institutions for senior citizens; institutions for the disabled; institutions for families and children.

Federal Law No. 122-FZ of August 2, 1995 "On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled"

FEDERAL AGENCY
ON TECHNICAL REGULATION AND METROLOGY ForewordThe goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic Provisions".

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State unitary enterprise"All-Russian Research Institute for the Standardization of Defense Products and Technologies" (FSUE "Rosoboronstandart", until July 8, 2005 - FSUE "VNIIstandart")2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TK 406 "Social Services for the Population"3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated December 30, 2005 No. 535-st4 November 1995 No. 181-FZ "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation"; dated December 10, 1995, No. 195-FZ "On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation"; dated June 24, 1999 No. 120-FZ " On the basics of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency "; dated December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On technical regulation". In addition, the materials set forth in paragraph letter of the Ministry of Labor of Russia of January 5, 2003 "On the nomenclature of institutions (departments) of social services for the elderly and disabled", sent to the social protection authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system general use - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet Content

GOST R 52498-2005

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Social services for the population

Classification of social service institutions

Social service of the population. Classification of the organisms for the social service

Social services for the population include an extensive system of measures intended for citizens who are in a difficult life situation that they cannot overcome on their own. The reasons may be the following: illness, disability, orphanhood, neglect, unemployment, conflicts and abuse in the family, loneliness, inability to self-service, lack of a specific place of residence and other situations (in accordance with the federal law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" ).
Social service is the activity of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult situations.
The social services system includes:
state enterprises and social service institutions that are federal property and are under the jurisdiction of federal government bodies;
state enterprises and social service institutions that are the property of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and are under the jurisdiction of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
municipal enterprises and social service institutions under the jurisdiction of local governments;
enterprises and institutions of other forms of ownership engaged in social service activities.
The institutions (social services) of social services, regardless of the form of ownership, are:
complex centers of social services for the population;
territorial centers of social assistance to families and children;
social service centers;
social rehabilitation centers for minors;
centers for helping children left without parental care;
social shelters for children and teenagers;
centers of psychological and pedagogical assistance to the population;
centers of emergency psychological assistance by telephone;
centers (departments) of social assistance at home;
night stay houses;
special houses for single pensioners;
stationary institutions of social service (boarding houses for the elderly and disabled, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, orphanages for mentally retarded children, boarding houses for children with physical disabilities);
gerontological centers;
other institutions providing social services to the population.
The organization and activities of social services are based on exemplary provisions on relevant institutions (Appendix).
The Government of the Russian Federation approved the federal list of state-guaranteed social services provided to elderly citizens and the disabled by social service institutions, and recommended that the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation establish territorial lists on its basis guaranteed services taking into account the needs of the population.
The federal list of guaranteed services includes the following types:
1. services provided to elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions (material and household services; services for organizing food, everyday life, leisure; social, medical and sanitary services; organization of education for disabled people; services related to social and labor rehabilitation; legal services; assistance in organizing ritual services);
2. services provided at home to elderly citizens and disabled people who need outside help due to a partial loss of the ability to self-service (services for organizing meals, everyday life, leisure; social and medical and sanitary and hygienic services; assistance in obtaining education and a profession for disabled people; assistance in employment and organization of funeral services);
3. Additional services provided by home care departments (health monitoring, emergency medical care, medical procedures, etc.);
4. services provided by departments of urgent social assistance, created under the bodies of social protection of the population. Urgent social services are envisaged, which provide for the provision of one-time services to those in dire need of social support (provision of clothing, footwear, etc.; provision of material assistance; assistance in providing temporary housing; provision of free hot meals or food packages; organization of emergency medical and psychological assistance; assistance in employment, organization of legal and other consultations);
5. services provided in semi-stationary conditions (day or night stay departments): services for catering, everyday life and leisure; social and medical services; assistance in obtaining education and profession; legal services.
At the regional and local level their own lists of social services are accepted, which must contain no less number of services than in the federal list.
The main sources of funding for the public sector of the social service system are the federal budget and the budgets of the subjects of the federation. Financing of the municipal sector of the social service system is carried out at the expense of local budgets.
Additional extra-budgetary sources of financing measures for social services are funds from public support funds, bank loans, income from securities, service fees, charitable contributions, etc.
The main principles of social services are: targeting; availability; voluntariness; humanity; priority of providing social services to minors in difficult life situations; confidentiality; preventive focus.

2. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION The right to social services is Objective necessity for those citizens who need social services, who find themselves in a difficult life situation. A fairly large number of people live in Russia who, for various reasons, cannot serve themselves and are limited in their livelihoods. Statistics report that the health of citizens is deteriorating, there are many aging and disabled people, there is unemployment and low-income population. The problem of population aging is not only for the Russian Federation, but also for a significant number of countries in the world. One of the trends observed in recent decades in the developed world is the growth in the absolute number and relative proportion of older people in the population. Therefore, the state is obliged to assume obligations in order to contribute to the preservation and extension of the full life of each person, to recognize its debt to him and to support his social, labor, educational and creative activity. To implement the full-scale functions of social assistance, support and social security, the Russian Federation has a system of social protection. Unfortunately, at the moment in Russia the quality and level of social services are not in the best condition. The issues of the implementation of state policy in the social sphere have now acquired particular relevance. The transition to a socially oriented policy requires the creation of an effective and developed system for providing social protection to the population. Therefore, social policy primarily focuses on the problems of social security and services for the elderly, support for the disabled and families with children53. As noted, in our country there is a “trend towards an increase in the number of elderly and disabled people in the population. This is accompanied by a deterioration in their health and limitations in self-care. Need in various types rehabilitation services are experienced by 80% of disabled elderly and disabled people. More than 30% are in need of constant assistance and social and medical services54”. In the process of aging of the human body, a person has a risk of acquiring chronic diseases; at any time, medical, rehabilitation assistance, or the care of another person may be needed. Older people often have problems not only in the medical field, but also psychological disorders and problems of a social nature. Social problems are associated, as a rule, with a low and even extremely low material standard of living, the inability to buy all the necessary (often expensive) medicines and medical equipment, apply for paid medical care, etc. And the benefits and benefits provided by the state cannot solve all the material problems of such old needy people. Psychological problems mainly appear due to the fact that older people who have retired and stopped labor activity , begin to experience a lack of communication and a feeling of loneliness, uselessness. The need for outsiders, including medical care, is several times higher for the elderly than for people of working age. Being alone at home, older people are not always able to cope with health problems on their own. Elderly patients need long-term maintenance therapy and outside care, medical and social assistance. If we talk about medical and social assistance, then it is a set of measures of a medical, social, psychological, pedagogical, rehabilitation and legal nature, carried out at the state and regional levels and is aimed at meeting the basic needs of a socially vulnerable category of citizens (elderly citizens, as well as people with disabilities). This assistance is provided by stationary institutions, both in the health sector and in the sphere of social services for citizens. It aims to provide therapeutic interventions and care in order to restore and maintain health and self-care abilities. Currently, along with the concept of medical and social assistance, there is the concept of social and medical assistance. Its tasks are to maintain and improve the health of citizens in need, organize medical and recreational activities, provide medicines, assist in the timely receipt of qualified medical care, as well as solve other social and medical problems. This type of assistance is provided in stationary institutions of social service for the elderly - boarding houses for the elderly and disabled.55 In addition to state institutions and organizations, there are commercial, paid institutions (private boarding houses) for the elderly and disabled medical and social services. Both in public and private organizations that provide medical and social services to needy citizens, all services provided should be aimed at meeting a wide range of needs of their patients: comfortable accommodation, good nutrition, professional medical care, health and rehabilitation procedures, psychological support. But not all institutions have sufficient capacity to meet the needs of all applicants for medical and social assistance. After all, the ongoing growth of the elderly population increases the burden on the health and social services, but the lack of funds leads to problems in providing medical and social assistance to the elderly and the disabled. There is an inextricable link between the quality of medical services and the level of social services. Both organizations providing social services and their employees should in every possible way contribute to the improvement of medical care, medical and social assistance, and for this various events, aimed at the proper functioning of the data social organizations. However, the literature notes that there are negative phenomena occurring in the field of social services: a decrease in the dynamics of development of social service institutions; low quality of the current state of this sector; unsatisfactory socio-economic situation of social workers; insufficient financial, logistical, personnel and Information Support activities of social service institutions56. As already mentioned, among the serious reasons why the goal of rehabilitation of the disabled and other people who need it is not always achieved, there are problems of lack of professionalism in the work of medical staff, the lack of development of rehabilitation techniques, and so on. Therefore, for successful rehabilitation, it is necessary to take into account a complex of medical, socio-psychological, professional aspects, as well as the personal characteristics of patients. Also, one of the solutions to the problems of the organization and activities of stationary social services for the rehabilitation of the disabled is the optimization of the structure of institutions, the reconstruction of existing buildings and the construction of new buildings. It is necessary to expand new promising types of social service institutions - boarding houses of small capacity for elderly citizens and the disabled. Reforming the system of social services for the population should be aimed at taking measures to overcome the shortage of places in stationary social institutions by moving these institutions from environmentally unfavorable areas and creating acceptable living conditions in them57. Thus, providing affordable medical care for the elderly and disabled is impossible without creating an extensive system of specialized rehabilitation institutions. And social programs at all levels remain an effective tool for responding to the problems of the elderly population. So, the state of the social service system is influenced by a combination of various factors. One of the most important reasons is economic. The economic factor is expressed in the lack of funding, sponsoring the social service sector. This, in turn, affects the effectiveness of the provision of social services to the population, leads to the inaccessibility of social services for some categories of citizens. Due to the shortage of funds allocated to this area, there is an outflow of labor, often highly professional, personnel - social workers who provide relevant services. The equipment and technical equipment of many social service organizations and institutions is also in decline. One of the important impetuses to change the existing social tension and social reality will be the development and functioning of the system of non-state social services, support and strengthening of the role of trade unions, public funds, charities etc. The role of the subjects of the Federation in improving the social situation cannot be underestimated. For example, they can stimulate charity, independently introduce additional new types of social services that combine elements of traditional types of social services. If we consider such a category of citizens as disabled people, then they are an extremely vulnerable and fragile social group. There are people with disabilities among the able-bodied population. Social services for disabled people should be significantly improved and improved, because at present there are some serious problems in this area. To protect and support disabled people, the following measures should be taken: - to increase the volume and quality of prosthetic and orthopedic products and other means of rehabilitation of disabled people; - open new additional institutions that produce products for the disabled; - make a special re-equipment of places of study for the disabled in educational institutions; - to increase the number of general educational institutions teaching disabled people and persons with limited life activity; - to carry out work on information and coverage in various media mass media features of the provision of social services to this category of citizens, etc. As shown arbitrage practice, litigation involving the disabled, the elderly arise due to corruption in the field of social services, misunderstanding of the features of the viability of these people. The relevance of disputes in this area is not reduced. Modern Russian legislation in the field of social services and the elderly is extremely mobile and needs significant changes and additions. Another problem related to the enforcement of legislation on social security and social services is confirmed by frequent cases of violation of the rights and legitimate interests of the disabled and the elderly. Along with other legal proceedings, I studied the ruling of the Primorsky Regional Court dated December 24, 2014 in case No. 33-1126458. As it turned out, disputes between social institutions providing social services and citizens concluding an agreement with them. In the proceedings studied by me, the plaintiff (a nursing home for the elderly and disabled) filed a claim for the recovery of damages, amendments to the contract for inpatient services. Since since the conclusion of the contract for inpatient services, the cost of living and pensions has repeatedly changed due to rising consumer prices, in connection with which a debt has formed, which the defendant (pensioner) refused to repay voluntarily. As a result, the court satisfied the claim, since it was established that the defendant had violated the terms of the contract for inpatient services. The court came to the conclusion that inpatient care for the elderly and the disabled is paid, and the conclusion of contracts for inpatient care for the elderly and the disabled is mandatory by law. The amount of the monthly fee for inpatient services is determined by the institution, taking into account the approved nutritional standards, standards for providing soft inventory, the level of consumer prices prevailing in the region, tariffs for payment utilities and is reviewed no more than once a year. All of the above problems should not be ignored by society and the state. It is also important to note the following about the development and prospects of social services in Russia. Modern system social services has evolved over the past decade. Social services have now become an integral part of social security, one of its rapidly developing elements. At present, in connection with the processes of reorganization of the economic and social life in the country, the law-making of the state in the field of social services for citizens is developing continuously and dynamically. Important priority areas of state policy in Russia should be: the desire to solve social problems and the interests of all segments of the population, the preservation and strengthening of the health of the able-bodied population. The socio-economic development of the Russian Federation directly depends on the successful resolution of pressing problems. Despite the large number of normative legal acts regulating social service relations, it is worth emphasizing that they still do not fully meet the requirements of society and do not meet the tasks that the state has set for itself. Therefore, it is necessary to further actively develop a system for providing assistance to needy citizens to maintain their health and material level. To help in the further development and improvement of the sphere of social services, of course, can competently drawn up legislation. Social guarantees for all segments of the population should be enshrined in normative acts. Then, ideally, after an indefinite time, a new model of social services for the population will have to be built, which will simultaneously meet the objective needs of Russian society and the financial and economic capabilities of the state. Previously, social services as an independent part of the state social security system required the development and adoption of a single separate normative act. As noted by legal scholars and political scientists, such an act could be the Code or the Law on the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens of the Russian Federation. Thanks to the adoption of the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”59, it can be said that the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating relations in social services has taken a big step towards further development. Summing up, it can be noted that a fair idea was expressed in the literature that “the legal norms governing relations to provide citizens certain types social services are separate relatively independent legal sub-institutions with autonomy of functioning, actual and legal homogeneity of legal norms and external isolation60”. These sub-institutions in the aggregate can be combined into a general institution of social services. It would unite all independent sub-institutions that have a generic isolation, which consists in the absence of conditionality of the right to receive social services with a certain socially useful activity. The merger of sub-institutions into a general institution of social services makes it possible to predict the formation in the future of such a sub-sector in the system of social security law as the right to social services61. I believe that the emergence of an independent right to social services would mean significant progress in all social security law and the positive dynamics of its functioning and development. New relevant scientific works and works on this topic, as well as in the literature, there would be interesting disputes and discussions.