Small missile ships of project 22800 (code "Karakurt") - multi-purpose missile and artillery ships of small displacement of the near sea zone (according to another classification, small corvettes). They belong to the ships of the third rank. The official purpose of the ships is to conduct combat operations in the near sea zone and participate in peacetime tasks. It is planned that the Karakurt, adapted for operations on the high seas, will complement small missile ships project 21631 "Buyan-M", intended for shallow seas and large rivers (conditionally - class "river-sea")
The project was developed by the Central Design Bureau Almaz (St. Petersburg) for the Russian Navy on the basis of another project of the 1990s of the same design bureau, a 500-ton missile and artillery boat 12300 ("Scorpion"). The first and only boat of project 12300 was laid down on June 5, 2001 at the Vympel Rybinsk Shipbuilding Plant, but was not completed. Also, Karakurt was significantly influenced by the small rocket ship of Project 21631 Buyan-M, developed by the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau, which was designed for operation on the Caspian Sea and on the rivers. Practice has shown [source not specified for 111 days] that URO corvettes of the Buyan-M type feel uncomfortable in open maritime theaters. Accordingly, "Karakurt" can be considered a more seaworthy replacement for the ships of project 21631. The appearance of the ship was first presented at the international military-technical forum "Army-2015" at the stand of JSC "TsMKB" Almaz ""
The armament of Project 22800 ships includes strike and anti-aircraft weapon systems, combat control, detection, target designation, and communications systems. The basis of the strike armament of a small missile ship this project is a vertical launcher UKSK 3S14, designed to store, transport and launch missiles of the Caliber and Onyx families. The launcher is located across the diametrical plane. The artillery armament of the representatives of this project will be represented, according to various sources, either by the A-190 100-mm automatic universal artillery mount and the Broadsword SAM, or by the AK-176 76-mm automatic universal artillery mount and two AK-306 30-mm artillery systems , or a 57-mm A-220M artillery mount and two 30-mm AK-630 mounts. "Karakurts" do not carry anti-submarine weapons. The air defense of the ship, according to preliminary data, is provided by the combat capabilities of the Broadsword SAM. Radio equipment will include: Radar "Mineral-M", AMKOI "Trassa", BIUS "Sigma"
The first two ships of the project were laid down on December 24, 2015 at the Pella Leningrad Shipyard in the presence of the Deputy Minister of Defense Russian Federation Borisov Yuri Ivanovich A series of project 22800 corvettes will be built taking into account the import substitution policy, the engines for them will be produced at the St. Representatives of the Ministry of Defense also claim "Karakurt" as a cheap replacement for Project 11356 patrol ships, the construction time of which is being delayed due to the cessation of engine supplies from Ukraine.
In total, 18 ships of this project are planned for the Russian Navy. The first seven are planned to be built at the Pella shipyard.
On May 10, 2016, a small missile ship (RTO) of project 22800 "Storm" was laid down at the shipbuilding enterprise "More" in Feodosia. On July 29, 2016, the fourth ship of the project, Shkval, was laid down at the Pella Leningrad Shipyard.
On August 3, 2016, it became known that the Zelenodolsk Shipbuilding Plant received a contract for five small missile ships of project 22800
As of August 2016, four representatives are under construction. The lead ship, named Uragan, is planned to be handed over to the fleet in 2017, the second Typhoon ship in 2018, the third Storm and the fourth Shkval in 2019.
The current shipbuilding program for the Russian Navy does not yet provide for the creation and transfer of large warships capable of carrying an outstanding amount of weapons and operating in the ocean zone. Till priority is the construction of other combat units, such as small missile ships. However, despite their modest size and displacement, the new domestic ships are quite capable of solving very complex tasks. One of the foundations of such a ship grouping in the future will be the new small missile ships of Project 22800 Karakurt.
According to official data, ships of the Karakurt type belong to the third rank and are intended for combat operations in the near sea zone. With the help of existing missile and artillery weapons, such RTOs should attack surface, air or coastal targets. Previously, it was repeatedly noted that the 22800 project has a significant similarity with the older Buyan-M project 21631, but differs in improved seaworthiness. Unlike the Buyans, the new Karakurts will be able to operate not only on rivers and shallow seas.
Project 22800 was created by the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau (St. Petersburg) by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Design work conducted in the first half of the current decade. The first official demonstration of the appearance of the future "Karakurt" took place at the international military-technical forum "Army-2015". It is curious that only a few months passed from the first display of the project materials to the start of the construction of the ships.
The laying of the first two "Karakurts" took place at the end of December 2015. The order for their construction was received by the Leningrad shipbuilding plant "Pella". In total, it is planned to build 7 ships of a new type at this enterprise, and 3 units will come off the slipway of the More plant in Feodosia, transferred under the control of Pella. Another five ships are to be handed over by the Zelenodolsk Shipbuilding Plant named after. Gorky; he began work on his orders in 2016. The possibility of ordering six ships to the Amur Shipyard was also mentioned.
In the summer and autumn of last year, the Pella plant launched the first two ships of Project 22800 - Uragan and Typhoon. In early May, the descent of the third took place. According to known data, the first two ships are already undergoing the necessary tests. The transfer of two units to the navy is scheduled for this year. The next two "Karakurt" will begin service next year. In 2020, the flag will be raised on several ships at once. The last of the planned RTOs will be laid down in 2019-2020, and their construction will be completed within the next 3-4 years.
The ships of the Karakurt project do not differ in large dimensions and displacement. Their length is only 67 m with a width of 11 m and a draft of 4 m. The displacement is 800 tons. With the help of a diesel-electric power plant, they will be able to reach speeds of up to 30 knots and show a cruising range of 2,500 miles.
Despite their small size, project 22800 RTOs must carry a serious set of equipment and weapons. So, the main means of monitoring the situation and detecting targets is the Mineral-M radar complex, which includes active and passive surveillance equipment. With the help of such a complex, Karakurt will be able to find large surface targets at distances of about 250 km. The maximum range of passive location, depending on various factors, is up to 400-450 km. Stations can track dozens of targets and exchange data with other ships.
The project provides for the availability of weapons for air defense. The first two ships of the series for such purposes carry a pair of AK-630M installations and portable anti-aircraft missile systems. All subsequent ships are proposed to be equipped with Pantsir-M modules with 30-mm guns and missiles. The Karakurts under construction receive the AK-176MA universal artillery mount with a 76 mm caliber gun.
The main strike means of Project 22800 ships are several types of missiles. In the aft part of the superstructure, across the diametrical plane, there is a 3S14 universal vertical launcher with eight cells for transport and launch containers with missiles. Declared the possibility of using cruise missiles complex "Caliber-NK" and anti-ship "Onyx". The composition of the ammunition load and the type of missiles used are determined in accordance with the assigned combat missions.
It is missile armament that gives new domestic ships high combat characteristics and remarkable potential. With its help, project 22800 RTOs will be able to fight surface, land or underwater targets, for which different types of missiles with different characteristics and combat equipment can be used. At the same time, as follows from the known data, it is possible to hit targets at distances of hundreds of kilometers.
When an enemy surface ship is detected, the Karakurt can use the Onyx missile or products of the 3M-54 family. Anti-ship missiles of the Onyx type are equipped with a combined guidance system based on inertial navigation and an active-passive radar homing head. According to navigation data, it enters a given area, after which it must independently search for a target. It is possible to select the flight path. With a high-altitude trajectory, the maximum launch range reaches 450-500 km. In other modes, the range is noticeably reduced. A warhead weighing 300 kg is delivered to the target, sufficient to cause the most serious damage even to large ships.
The Caliber family of missiles also has anti-ship missiles. A cruise missile of this line is capable of flying over 300 km, independently finding a surface target and hitting it with a warhead weighing at least 200 kg. According to various sources, anti-ship "Caliber" can have a range of up to 450-500 km. The main difference between Caliber and Onyx is different flight speeds. These anti-ship missiles maintain subsonic speed for most of the trajectory, while the Onyx immediately goes supersonic.
The most important advantage of the Caliber-NK complex is the presence of 3M-14 cruise missiles designed to attack ground targets with known coordinates. This weapon has already been used in real operations and clearly demonstrated the possibility of destroying objects at ranges of more than 1,500 km. Moreover, some sources mention a firing range of the order of 2-2.5 thousand km. Thus, in the presence of the necessary target designation, a ship of the Karakurt type or another carrier of the Caliber is capable of controlling a very large land area.
According to previously announced data, serial RTOs of project 22800 will be transferred to all major fleet associations. They will serve in the Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea fleets. It is not at all difficult to imagine what impact new ships with long-range missiles can have on the military-political situation in the regions. They will be able to cover significant sections of the coast from a possible attack, and in addition, they will "take aim" at large land territories with many military and administrative facilities.
Without leaving their bases on the Kola Peninsula, small missile ships Northern Fleet in theory, they are able to protect the entire nearest coast, as well as a significant part of the Barents Sea and the entire White Sea, from surface objects. In this case, Scandinavia, Eastern and Central Europe, as well as part of the British Isles are in the area of responsibility of 3M-14 missiles.
With the help of Caliber and Onyx, the Baltic sailors will be able to protect the Gulf of Finland and block a significant part of the Baltic Sea. It is also possible to control territories up to Western Europe, the Balkans and Asia Minor. The area of responsibility of the Baltic Fleet partially coincides with the area of possible operation of the Northern Fleet.
While in Sevastopol, the Karakurts of the Black Sea Fleet can use anti-ship missiles against targets in all nearby water areas. At the same time, their Calibers are able to get objects in Western Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. It should be noted that a similar region is blocked by the missiles of the Caspian flotilla, where ships of the Buyan-M type serve.
RTOs of the Pacific Fleet, based in Vladivostok, can use anti-ship weapons against targets in the Sea of Japan and the East Korean Gulf. The range of water-to-ground missiles at the same time allows you to control the area from central Mongolia to Kamchatka, including all the Japanese islands and a significant part of China.
It should be noted that the resulting areas of responsibility apply only to ships located at or near the main fleet bases. The new Project 22800 ships are capable of operating in the near sea zone, and therefore the actual missile launch point can be located anywhere and at a considerable distance from the base. Thus, the actual areas of responsibility of the new ships can be located anywhere and cover almost any part of the World Ocean or land, even with certain restrictions.
It must be admitted that the new Russian "Karakurt" are not perfect. First of all, the small size of the ammunition load of the missile system can be considered a disadvantage. One RTO of this type carries only eight Caliber or Onyx missiles. Thus, to carry out a massive missile strike, it may be necessary teamwork several ships, which can make it difficult to prepare for the operation and carry it out. However, a small ammunition load is directly related to the dimensions of the ships and the lower complexity of their construction.
According to current plans, no later than the mid-twenties, the Russian Navy will have 18 ships of Project 22800 Karakurt, which will be distributed among four main structures. Thus, the fleet will receive a fairly large group of attack ships with very powerful weapons. The country, in turn, receives a convenient and flexible tool for projecting power in different regions. It is important that such a tool can be created in the shortest possible time and at reasonable costs - the entire program for building 18 ships should take no more than 8-9 years.
At present, a gradual modernization of the fleet and military shipbuilding is being carried out. Update in progress production capacity different enterprises, which allows you to build new ships of different classes and types. So far, the military department is only drawing up plans for future projects of surface ships of the first rank, but smaller and more powerful combat units are already being built, transferred to the customer and included in the Navy. All this naturally leads to an increase in the combat potential of surface forces and the overall defense capability of the country.
It is obvious that new ships of the second and third ranks, such as Project 22800 RTOs, both in theory and in practice, are inferior in their capabilities to larger combat units, for example, the promising destroyer Leader. However, they are distinguished by their comparative cheapness, simplicity and speed of construction. The first "Karakurt" was laid down at the end of 2015, and will soon enter service. By the time the lead "Leader" can begin its service, almost all of the ordered Project 22800 ships will be present in the Navy.
With all the achievements and successes, Russian ministry the defense, navy and shipbuilding industries continue to face all sorts of challenges. In the current conditions, it is not always possible to do everything you want, and therefore you have to look for alternative ways. One of the ways out of the current situation, which makes it possible to upgrade the fleet and increase its potential under certain limitations, is the construction of a large number of small missile ships with advanced weapons. These ideas are primarily implemented with the help of projects 21631 Buyan-M and 22800 Karakurt.
To date, the Russian shipbuilding industry has managed to launch three ships of the Karakurt type out of 18 planned for construction. The first two will pass all tests this year and go to serve in the Baltic Sea. Another 15 ships will be handed over to the customer starting next year. By the mid-twenties, four fleets of the Russian Navy will be able to form full-fledged groups of small missile ships with modern weapons.
The construction of large and powerful ships with rocket and artillery weapons is still in the distant future, but the navy cannot wait. For this reason, other combat units are being built, which also have very remarkable capabilities. Despite their modest size and small displacement, they can be a serious strike tool and effective tool international politics. And a large number of such ships will definitely go into quality.
According to the websites:
http://ria.ru/
http://tass.ru/
http://nvo.ng.ru/
http://pellaship.ru/
http://npomash.ru/
Project "Karakurt" is a new series of small ships. The displacement is 800 tons, the length is about 60 meters, and the maximum speed is more than 30 knots, that is, about 55 kilometers per hour. But the modest size compensates for the impressive armament.
It is planned to put Kalibr missile systems on the ships. They were used during the military conflict in Syria, and managed to establish themselves as a powerful and accurate weapon. In addition, the Karakurts will receive modern AK-176MA artillery mounts and air defense systems.
76mm automatic naval gun mounts- This is a universal weapon capable of fighting a wide range of targets.They are capable of hitting not only enemy ships, but also air targets, including drones. Also, with high efficiency, the guns can be used to shell the coast, including targets located at a considerable distance from the coastline.Compared to previous modifications, the AK-176MA has more than doubled the accuracy of drive guidance, doubled the accuracy of fire, significantly increased the guidance speed, and reduced the mass of the artillery mount to less than 9 tons.
Thanks to the adoption of the AK-176MA guns, the Russian fleet will receive advantage over NATO ships equipped with Italian Oto Melara guns.
The Russian Navy has decided to equip all small missile ships and boats with the AK-176MA ultra-rapid-firing 76mm automatic cannon, whose unique accuracy, thanks to digital control and an all-weather optical-electronic system, is not inferior to a sniper rifle. It is noteworthy that depending on the type of ship latest product, developed at the Arsenal Design Bureau *, can be placed both in a conventional spherical and in a stealth tower, which, due to its angular shape, is invisible to enemy radars.
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The fundamental decision to designate the newest AK-176MA as the main artillery armament of all ships of the coastal zone, small missile ships (RTOs) and missile boats (RK) was made this summer. They expect to complete the tests of the AK-176MA by the end of the year, after which the decision will be documented and signed by all stakeholders. At present, the artillery mount has already become part of the armament of the project 22800 "Karakurt" RTOs, as well as the project 1241 RTOs.
The AK-176MA is a development of the AK-176 family of shipborne rapid-fire guns, the first of which was put into service in 1979. With a weight of 10 tons, the latest artillery mount is capable of firing at least 150 artillery shells at a target located at a distance of 15 km in one minute. The main difference between the AK-176MA from its predecessors is a digital control system, as well as the latest Sfera-2 optoelectronic station, which allows detecting targets at a distance of tens of kilometers day and night, in heavy rain and even a storm.
AK-176MA horizontal and vertical guidance drives, which rotate the turret to the right and left, and also raise the gun itself up and down, equipped digital system transmission of information, thanks to which the artillery installation, having received the command of the operator or onboard information system ship, moves with very high accuracy.
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The combination of high ballistic characteristics of the latest naval gun and electronic system management provides the AK-176MA with complete superiority over its closest competitor- 76-mm artillery mount of the Italian company Oto Melara.
Created at the end of the 60s, the 76/62 universal artillery mount was adopted by almost all major foreign fleets, including the US Navy, where it was assigned the designation Mk 75. The only exceptions are the French, British and Swedish navies, where artillery mounts of their own design are used .
The installation is designed to destroy high-speed surface ships of small displacement and boats, deliver fire strikes on coastal structures and combat anti-ship missiles maneuvering in the final section of the trajectory. When maneuvering the rocket, the computer of the firing control system calculates a new predicted meeting point, the command to adjust the trajectory of the projectile is transmitted over a radio channel and is worked out using six powder engines located near the center of gravity of the projectile. The projectile's rotation speed is reduced to 200 rpm thanks to the drop-down tail stabilizer, and its flight path can be changed by 15°. Projectile weighing 6.66 kg stuffed with 500 g explosive and 1100 g of tungsten cubes, which when an explosive charge is detonated by a contact fuse, a cruise missile is reliably hit.
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AK-176MA is produced in a modular design and includes, in addition to the module of the actual gun mounts, also made in the form of modules, the main switchboard and the remote control.The artillery mount module consists of above-deck and below-deck parts. The machine and the cradle are made of lightweight anti-corrosion aluminum alloy. In the mechanisms of vertical and horizontal aiming, electric motors with high power density and very low inertia are used.
AK-176MA is currently being tested on board the 1st-rank border guard ship Polar Star, the lead ship of Project 22100 Okean, which is to be handed over to the border control before the end of this year.
The conducted firing showed full compliance with the characteristics of the newest artillery mount indicated in the tactical and technical assignment. On the "Polyarnaya Zvezda" and its "sisterships" (serial ships of the same project) will be AK-176MA in classic dome-shaped tower installations, since radar invisibility is not so important for such ships. In the same time on small missile ships of project 22800 AK-176MA will be executed in a special stealth tower with a large number of angles required to reflect electromagnetic waves.
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Radar waves are reflected primarily from the superstructure of the ship and artillery mounts, which, due to their shape and the greater concentration of metal in the structure, often serve as the main unmasking feature when irradiated by an enemy radar. Therefore, the AK-176MA stealth turret is guaranteed to protect ships from enemy radar detection.
P.S. March 17, 2017 at the shipyard "More" in Feodosia the laying ceremony of a new small rocket ship "Okhotsk" took place. This is the second RTO of Project 22800 Karakurt. The production of the first, under the name "Storm", started on the peninsula in May 2016, and the third is going to be laid at the end of 2017.
The technological cycle of construction is about 32 months. Therefore, ships will be handed over from 2018 to 2020. In total, eighteen "Karakurts" will be handed over to the Russian Navy. Three of them will be built in the Crimea, five in Tatarstan, at the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant, and the rest in the Leningrad region, at the Pella enterprise.
* Arsenal Design Bureau (St. Petersburg) has been specializing in the development of artillery mounts (AU) of various calibers and ship-based missile launchers for over 60 years. During 1949-1980. KB Arsenal has developed more than 12 types of semi-automatic and automatic anti-aircraft and universal guns of 45, 57, 76, 100 and 130 mm caliber for newly built, as well as undergoing modernization of surface combat ships. Almost all ships of the Russian Navy with a displacement of more than 600 tons are armed with guns developed by the Arsenal design bureau.
In the published report of JSC "Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky” for 2016 states that four corvettes were laid down last year: two project 22160 patrol ships and two project 22800 Karakurt small missile ships.
On August 3, 2016, the management of the enterprise announced an order received from the Russian Ministry of Defense for five RTOs of project 22800. As noted in the blog of the Center for Analysis, Strategies and Technologies (CAST), after this news official information there was no information about the progress of the execution of the state order.
It follows from the report that the enterprise located in Tatarstan is already building at least two of the five project 22800 corvettes. Probably, we are talking about the ships "Monsoon" and "Passat". Considering that the contract with the Ministry of Defense was signed almost a year ago, three more Karakurts (Breeze, Tornado, Smerch) should be laid down during 2017.
Five RTOs of project 22800 will be built at the Zelenodolsk plant for the first time. The implementation of the project began at the Pella shipbuilding plant in St. Petersburg and the More shipyard in Feodosia. Leningrad and Crimean shipbuilders are building six Karakurts. The contract for one RTO was signed with the Kerch shipyard Zaliv.
JSC "Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky" specializes in the production of military and civilian ships. The company's products are intended for use in the Black, Caspian, Baltic and White Seas, as well as on large rivers.
- The lead patrol ship of project 22160 "Vasily Bykov" under construction for the Russian Navy (serial number 161)
- JSC "Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky"
The plant was founded in 1895 as a ship repair shop. Since 1934, Zelenodolsk shipbuilders began to produce warships small displacement.
As of 2016, within the framework of the state defense order, the Zelenodolsk enterprise was building 12 warships (three RTOs, two border guard and three patrol ships, two cable ships and two anti-sabotage boats).
Of the black widows
The Russian Ministry of Defense has high hopes for the project 22800.
The newest ships should become a formidable weapon that will keep a combat watch, primarily in the Black and Mediterranean Seas. It is no coincidence that the project was named "Karakut" - a species of spiders from the genus of black widows, whose bite can be fatal to animals and people.
RTOs have rather modest dimensions. The displacement is 800 tons, length - 60 m, width - 10 m, draft - 4 m. .6-5.6 thousand km). The autonomy of navigation is estimated at 15 days.
The main difference between "Karakurt" and other ships of this class is increased seaworthiness - the ability to safely sail in any sea state, regardless of weather conditions.
"Karakurt" should turn into a full-fledged combat unit in the open sea. Thanks to the Caliber-NK complex, its predecessors also have crushing strike power, but they feel comfortable only near naval bases.
It is assumed that "Karakurt" will replace in the Mediterranean Sea missile and artillery ships of the near sea zone of project 21631 "Buyan-M", which is also being built by the Zelenodolsk plant. At the moment, the enterprise has already handed over five ships to the Navy, the same number is in the process of construction, and a contract has been signed for two.
The combat use of "Buyans" in the Syrian operation was assessed by experts as successful. October 7, 2015 RTOs of the Caspian flotilla "Uglich", "Grad Sviyazhsk" and " Veliky Ustyug"carried out the launch of Caliber cruise missiles at the facilities of the Islamic State* terrorist group. The targets, which were located at a distance of 1.5 thousand km, were hit.
- Project 21631 small rocket ship (code "Buyan-M")
- Wikimedia Commons
However, two Buyanov trips to the Mediterranean Sea, which took place in 2016, demonstrated insufficient seaworthiness of the 21631 project. In this regard, in October 2016, Serpukhov and Zelyony Dol RTOs were transferred from the Black Sea Fleet to the Baltic.
Under the "Shell" and with the "Caliber"
The general public first learned about Project 22800 in the summer of 2015. The model of the ship was presented at the international forum "Army-2015" in Kubinka near Moscow. The developer of "Karakut" is JSC "Central Marine Design Bureau "Almaz" (St. Petersburg).
The first two ships, named "Hurricane" and "Typhoon", were laid down in December 2015 at the St. Petersburg shipyard "Pella". In July and December 2016, Shipyard laid down two more RTOs (Shkval and Burya). Since May 2016 and March 2017, the More Shipyard has been building Storm and Okhotsk.
According to current plans, the first ship of project 22800 (Hurricane) will be handed over to the Navy in December 2017, the rest of the ships will join the Russian fleet in 2018-2020. Approximately by 2022, 18 RTOs should come into operation. Today, at least eight Karakurts are under construction, and a contract has been signed for four.
Like the Buyans, the Karakurts will be armed missile system"Caliber", which is capable of hitting targets at a distance of up to 2.5 thousand km. Anti-ship defense is provided by the P-800 Onyx complex, equipped with supersonic missiles.
The main innovation of the Karakurt armament will be the Pantsir-M anti-aircraft complex, which was demonstrated at the International Naval Show in St. Petersburg. The developer of this near-field air defense system is the Tula Instrument Design Bureau.
The Pantsir-M, which is currently undergoing state tests, is designed to destroy air targets at a distance of several tens of meters to 20 km. The combat module contains high-speed missiles with radio command guidance and two six-barreled 30 mm submachine guns.
In addition, the geometric shapes and the use of radar-absorbing materials in the design should make the Karakurt practically invisible to enemy radars. At the same time, the ship will be equipped with modern radar and navigation equipment.
Universal weapon
The founder of the Military Russia portal, Dmitry Kornev, in a commentary on RT, said that Karakurt and the projects of other RTOs of the river-sea class are aimed at implementing several tasks that are most important for Russia's defense capability.
“The development of relatively small but powerful strike platforms allows Russia to effectively counteract NATO. At the same time, we are talking not only about the Western fleet. Small missile ships of the Navy are capable of hitting almost all sea and land targets in Europe, ”Kornev said.
- Mooring team on board a small missile ship (RTO)
- RIA News
The expert recalled that the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range Missiles (INF Treaty) provides for a ban on the production and use of ground-based ballistic and cruise missiles. Restrictions do not apply to naval armaments. Thus, RTOs armed with "Caliber" make it possible to deter the superior Western Navy.
“The advantage of small corvettes is greater mobility. They can move and strike both from rivers and from the waters of the seas. In addition, RTOs can build not very large shipyards, this does not require significant budget expenditures,” said Kornev.
“The US Navy has a lot of Tomahawks from the Cold War. At the same time, anti-ship missiles predominate in the armament of Soviet-built ships of the Navy. The Caliber complex installed on RTOs is universal. It is precisely such weapons that the Russian fleet now needs, ”the expert concluded.
* "Islamic State" (IS) is a terrorist group banned in Russia.
The Russian shipbuilding industry continues to fulfill many orders for the construction of certain ships. In the current plans of the military department, a special place is occupied by the construction of ships of the second and third ranks, which make it possible to relatively quickly and at lower cost carry out the maximum possible rearmament of the fleet. At the same time, in order to achieve the set goals, it is planned to build a large number of such ships. Thus, the Navy plans to receive 18 small missile ships of Project 22800 Karakurt. The first of them should enter the combat strength at the end of this year.
The MRK 22800 project with the code "Karakurt" is one of the most interesting domestic developments of recent years. This project proposes the construction of ships of the near sea zone with a displacement of about 800 tons and a developed weapon system, including several types of guided missiles. Depending on the assigned combat missions, the Karakurts will be able to work independently or as part of ship groups. In the latter case, they will be able to supplement existing ships of one type or another.
The development of the Karakurt project was carried out by the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau (St. Petersburg). The new project was based on developments on some previous ships of a similar purpose. Thus, the projects of the 12300 missile and artillery boat and the Buyan-M MRK 21631 had a great influence on the new small rocket ships. At the same time, the 22800 project used new ideas and solutions aimed at obtaining certain results. In particular, it was planned to improve the seaworthiness of the new ship in comparison with existing models of similar classes.
Project 22800 was completed a few years ago, and has been presented to the general public for quite some time. However, for obvious reasons, the Karakurt ship has so far been shown only in the form of advertising images and mock-ups. However, in the very near future, the military department will have to show the lead ship of the project, the construction of which is already coming to an end.
About two years ago, in August 2015, it became known that the command of the navy intends to order 18 small missile ships of a new type from the shipbuilding industry. In the future, this information was confirmed several times by officials. It also soon became known that the existing fleet plans would be carried out with the help of several separate orders. The construction of new Karakurts was supposed to be entrusted to several shipbuilding enterprises at once. It is curious that at some point there was a misunderstanding, as a result of which there were reports in the press about the construction of 18 ships by the forces of only one plant.
The first order for the construction of Project 22800 small missile ships appeared at the end of 2015. The executor under the new contract was the Leningrad shipbuilding plant "Pella" (St. Petersburg). In accordance with the signed document, by the end of the decade, this enterprise will have to build 7 of the 18 required Karakurt RTOs. To speed up the work under this contract, it was decided to lease to Pelle the production facilities of other enterprises located in other regions.
The first two ships of project 22800 were laid down in St. Petersburg on December 24, 2015. Representatives of the leadership of the Ministry of Defense and the command of the Navy took part in the solemn ceremony of laying the foundation stone. The first ships were named "Hurricane" and "Typhoon". The laying of the five remaining ships of the contract was to take place in the foreseeable future.
During the laying ceremony of the first "Karakurt" several interesting statements were made. Thus, it was argued that these RTOs would be built taking into account the import substitution policy - the engines for them were ordered from the Zvezda machine-building plant (St. Petersburg). In this context, the new ships were seen as a less expensive alternative to the project 11356 patrol boats, the construction of which is being delayed due to a disruption in the supply of imported power plants.
The third ship, ordered by Pella, has been under construction in the Crimea since May last year. For the speedy fulfillment of the entire contract, it was decided to lease to this plant part of the production capacity of the More enterprise (Feodosia). On May 10, 2016, the laying of the ship "Storm" took place there. On March 17 of this year, Feodosia shipbuilders laid down the Okhotsk RTO, which continues the series. Both ships are being built with the active participation of specialists from St. Petersburg.
On July 29 and December 24 last year, two more Project 22800 ships, Shkval and Burya, were laid down at the Pella shipyard. In the near future, the construction of the seventh ship, which, according to some reports, was named Cyclone, should begin. The laying will take place at the end of 2017 at the Crimean shipbuilding enterprise. As is the case with the rest of the ships in the series, construction will have to be completed at the end of the current decade.
At the beginning of August 2016, it became known which plant would build the next new type RTOs. The contract for five new "Karakurts" was received by the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky. In the future, however, for a long time, no new information about this order was received. In some sources, however, even the alleged names of the ships managed to appear, but there were no exact data on the progress of the work.
Later, from unofficial sources, it became known that the first ship of this order had already been laid down and was being built at the Zaliv plant (Kerch). As in the case of the More enterprise, we are talking about the transfer of production facilities under the control of another plant. This time, the Zelenodolsk plant is the tenant of capacities and the executor of the order.
Not so long ago, the annual report of the Zelendolsky plant was published, which provided information on the current work on the construction of various ships, including RTOs of project 22800. According to this document, last year the laying of the first two Karakurts with serial numbers 801 and 802 took place The names of the ships, as well as the site for their construction and the successes achieved so far, have not yet been specified. The timing of the start of construction of three other small missile ships also remains unknown. However, previously published information suggests that they will be laid in the very near future.
The fulfillment of two orders by the Pella enterprise, the Zelenodolsk plant and the production facilities transferred to them will result in the appearance of 12 new small missile ships of the Karakurt type. In the future, the shipbuilding industry will have to build and transfer to the Navy six more similar ships. Which enterprises and when will receive such orders - has not yet been specified. Apparently, the next order for RTOs of project 22800 will appear only in the early twenties. Any enterprise that has already participated in the program for the construction of such ships can receive it.
At the moment, 12 ships of project 22800 have been contracted, and two-thirds of this number are at different stages of construction. The rest will be laid during 2017-18. Plans have already been announced to complete the construction and commission new RTOs. According to current data and latest statements responsible persons, the transfer of Karakurt to the fleet will begin this year. In the near future, the Navy will receive several of these ships a year.
The construction of the lead ship "Hurricane" is already coming to an end. In August, it is planned to launch it, and a little later it will be tested. According to the current schedule, the flag-raising ceremony will take place in December this year. On the next year the delivery of Typhoon is planned. Also in 2018, the first ship being built by the Zelenodolsk plant may start service. In 2019, the fleet will have to receive "Storm", "Shkval" and, probably, one of the Zelenodolsk "Karakurt". The last of the 12 ordered ships will join the navy in 2020-21.
Probably, as the slipways and assembly shops are emptied, the Ministry of Defense will order new Project 22800 ships. For obvious reasons, their construction will not be completed until the beginning of the twenties, and the full implementation of existing plans will continue until the middle of the next decade. As a result, the Russian Navy will receive all the desired 18 small missile ships of project 22800 Karakurt.
The Karakurt project proposes the construction of a small displacement ship designed to operate in the near sea zone. Such ships must operate both independently and as part of formations. In accordance with these requirements, the general appearance of the project was formed.
RTO "Karakurt" has a total length of 65 m with a maximum width of 10 m and a normal draft of 4 m. The displacement is 800 tons. The hull contours are formed in accordance with the requirements for seaworthiness and the intended role of the ship in the fleet. A superstructure of complex shape, formed by large-sized panels and reducing the ship's visibility for enemy detection tools, was also used. It is proposed to use an integrated mast with space for mounting four phased antenna arrays and other electronic equipment.
The Karakurt-class ship receives a combined main power plant built on the basis of diesel and electric engines. With its help, it is claimed, it will be possible to obtain top speed travel at 30 knots. Cruising range at economic speed - up to 2500 nautical miles. Autonomy will be 15 days.
According to known data, RTOs of project 22800 should be equipped with the Sigma-E BIUS and the Trassa-E AMKOI. It is proposed to monitor the situation and find air or surface targets using radar stations several types, including "Mineral-M".
The main strike "Karakurt" will be guided missiles P-800 "Onyx" or "Caliber". To launch them, the ship is equipped with a 3S-14 universal vertical launcher with eight missile cells. As is the case with other domestic small rocket ships of new types, the installation is located in the superstructure, behind the bridge. In this case, the installation with two rows of cells, four in each, is placed across the hull, and not along, as on other ships. The ammunition load of the 3S-14 installation may include anti-ship or cruise missiles for striking ground targets. The exact composition of the ammunition and the number of missiles of one type or another depends on the task.
In the bow of the ship, in front of the superstructure, there is a place for mounting a turret artillery mount. Project 22800 provides for the possibility of using guns with a caliber of 76 or 100 mm. The installation has remotely controlled drives and automatic reloading facilities.
The first two ships "Karakurt" are equipped with anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems "Broadsword". Last autumn, it became known that some changes were made to the project, which will be introduced during the construction of serial ships. The third in a series of RTOs "Storm" will be the first carrier of the Pantsir-M missile and gun system. All subsequent ships of the series will receive just such weapons, while the lead ship and the first serial ship will remain with the Broadswords. To date, the Pantsir-M air defense missile system has passed the necessary tests and has shown itself well, which made it possible to introduce it into an existing project.
The emergence of a significant number of small missile ships of a new type should have a noticeable impact on the state and prospects of the Russian navy. Due to their small size, the new Karakurts do not impose special requirements on shipbuilding enterprises and therefore can be built at several existing plants. In particular, this is one of the reasons why in just 5-7 years the Navy will be able to receive 12 ships, and the construction of the remaining 6 "hulls" will be completed by the middle of the next decade.
Despite their small size, Project 22800 ships can show high combat capability. They can operate both in the near sea zone and on some rivers, which expands the areas of their possible application. The presence of Onyx and Caliber missiles, in turn, provides a high strike potential. With the help of such weapons, new RTOs will be able to attack ground and surface targets at long distances. The potential of small missile ships equipped with modern weapons has already been demonstrated in practice several times.
An important advantage of "Karakurt" is their large number. It will make it possible to transfer such ships to all major fleets, ensuring the possibility of their use in all strategic directions. In addition, each of the operational-strategic formations will receive several ships. The large number, presence in all fleets and high strike potential make the new project 22800 RTOs a promising and interesting military and political tool.
Until the mid-twenties, the Russian Navy plans to receive 18 new small missile ships. To date, two-thirds of these plans have been formalized in the form of contracts, and just under half of the desired ships are already at various stages of construction. In the coming months, the lead ship "Hurricane" will be tested. At the end of the year, it is planned to be accepted into the combat structure of the navy. This event will be the first in a long and important program.
According to the websites:
https://russian.rt.com/
http://flotprom.ru/
http://tass.ru/
https://tvzvezda.ru/
http://bmpd.livejournal.com/
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