business man. What should it be?

Business man. What should it be?

“There is only one way in this world to benefit from the past-it consists in calmly analyzing our past mistakes so that we never repeat them in the future, and then we should completely forget about them.

Dale Carnegie

professional business partner entrepreneurial

If a person has chosen the path of a business person - an entrepreneur, a manager, then a long, difficult path of self-realization and self-education lies ahead of him. Indeed, in behavior, the features of his character, temperament, needs, views, tastes, desires are manifested - the whole essence of a person. By actions we judge inner motives, thoughts and feelings. An entrepreneur, a businessman is, first of all, a man of action. What kind of business man should he be?

A business person is a knowledgeable person, a specialist in his field, he always knows what he is doing, what goals he sets for himself, what tasks he solves, and also shows the necessary strong-willed efforts to implement them. Freely orienting in the field of his activity, at the same time, he constantly studies social needs and requests, monitors their changes and dynamics, and builds his activities taking into account the information received. He has a high professional competence in all matters relating to his case. He is distinguished by a constant readiness for business communication, showing interest in the interlocutor and in his opinion, while maintaining an open mind. It has such a quality as restraint in speech and does not seek to say everything that it knows, but always knows what it says. A recognized authority in building interpersonal relationships and conflict-free negotiation, Dale Carnegie wrote: “The success of a person in his financial affairs is 15 percent dependent on his professional knowledge and 85 percent on his ability to communicate with people.” A business person is constantly working on his culture of behavior, communication, negotiation, speech culture, a culture of collective development and decision-making. Such skills are impossible without work on oneself and the development of many, simply human, qualities. These include politeness, courtesy, courtesy, restraint, modesty, simplicity, friendliness, availability, openness, consistent accuracy and punctuality. Also, every little thing plays a role in the behavior of a business person, so he must constantly control his behavior, knowing what he can afford and what he cannot. The combination of these best features gives us the perfect portrait of a business person, businessman, entrepreneur.

History of formation business principles has more than one decade, perhaps even counting for centuries. At the same time, despite the radical change in the forms of doing business due to the rapid development of technology, these principles have not changed much - and this suggests that they are primarily based on personal qualities and public morality. As before, so now people prefer to do business with reliable and cultured partners. Although quite often there are those who call themselves businesslike, but in general they do not possess even a tenth of the above-mentioned features. Hence the failures in business, and disappointments both in the professional and personal spheres. But it should be remembered that the basic principles of a business person are developed with the development of experience in communication, negotiations, performance of work, since it comes to the realization that it depends on the quality of work final result. In addition, the principles imply a fairly high degree of responsibility, which determines many further actions and behavior of business people. The characteristic features of a business man are developed and manifested in his enthusiasm, abilities and aspirations.

These requirements are very high and require constant internal efforts. Like it or not, a business person must correspond to a certain image. As, back in 1936, Dale Carnegie wrote: “With a sincere interest in other people, you can win more friends in two months than you can make in two years trying to interest other people in your specialty.” Rules business etiquette, a culture of behavior helps to bring together the economic and financial interests of trading people, businessmen and create the basis for the success of the transaction. I want to complete my reflections with a statement by the same author, whose advice brought up many successful, business people: “Draw in your imagination the image of that gifted, worthy and useful person that you would like to be, and the image supported by your thought will hourly and every minute transform you into just such a person."

Business man. What should it be?

“There is only one way in this world to benefit from the past, and that is to calmly analyze our past mistakes so that we never repeat them in the future, and then we should completely forget about them”

Dale Carnegie

professional business partner entrepreneurial

If a person has chosen the path of a business person - an entrepreneur, a manager, then a long, difficult path of self-realization and self-education lies ahead of him. Indeed, in behavior, the features of his character, temperament, needs, views, tastes, desires are manifested - the whole essence of a person. By actions we judge inner motives, thoughts and feelings. An entrepreneur, a businessman is, first of all, a man of action. What kind of business man should he be?

A business person is a knowledgeable person, a specialist in his field, he always knows what he is doing, what goals he sets for himself, what tasks he solves, and also shows the necessary strong-willed efforts to implement them. Freely orienting in the field of his activity, at the same time, he constantly studies social needs and requests, monitors their changes and dynamics, and builds his activities taking into account the information received. He has a high professional competence in all matters relating to his case. He is distinguished by a constant readiness for business communication, showing interest in the interlocutor and in his opinion, while maintaining an open mind. It has such a quality as restraint in speech and does not seek to say everything that it knows, but always knows what it says. A recognized authority in building interpersonal relationships and conflict-free negotiation, Dale Carnegie wrote: “The success of a person in his financial affairs is 15 percent dependent on his professional knowledge and 85 percent on his ability to communicate with people.” A business person is constantly working on his culture of behavior, communication, negotiation, speech culture, culture of collective development and decision-making. Such skills are impossible without work on oneself and the development of many, simply human, qualities. These include politeness, courtesy, courtesy, restraint, modesty, simplicity, friendliness, availability, openness, consistent accuracy and punctuality. Also, every little thing plays a role in the behavior of a business person, so he must constantly control his behavior, knowing what he can afford and what he cannot. The combination of these best features gives us the perfect portrait of a business person, businessman, entrepreneur.

The history of the formation of business principles has more than one decade, perhaps even counting for centuries. At the same time, despite the radical change in the forms of doing business due to the rapid development of technology, these principles have not changed much - and this suggests that they are primarily based on personal qualities and public morality. As before, so now people prefer to do business with reliable and cultured partners. Although quite often there are those who call themselves businesslike, but in general they do not possess even a tenth of the above-mentioned features. Hence the failures in business, and disappointments both in the professional and personal spheres. But it should be remembered that the basic principles of a business person are developed with the development of experience in communication, negotiations, work, because it comes to the realization that the final result depends on the quality of work. In addition, the principles imply a fairly high degree of responsibility, which determines many further actions and behavior of business people. The characteristic features of a business man are developed and manifested in his enthusiasm, abilities and aspirations.

These requirements are very high and require constant internal efforts. Like it or not, a business person must correspond to a certain image. As, back in 1936, Dale Carnegie wrote: “With a sincere interest in other people, you can win more friends in two months than you can make in two years trying to interest other people in your specialty.” The rules of business etiquette, the culture of behavior help bring together the economic and financial interests of trading people, businessmen and create the basis for the success of the transaction. I want to complete my reflections with a statement by the same author, whose advice brought up many successful, business people: “Draw in your imagination the image of that gifted, worthy and useful person that you would like to be, and the image supported by your thought will hourly and every minute transform you into just such a person."

Business people are unusually brave and at the same time intellectually developed. Let's say, such as Mark Goryachev, whose abilities can only be envied. True, there is too much risk in the work of businessmen, and therefore they often become bankrupt. To become bankrupt, even if you do not read D. Carnegie, means to experience a very severe shock, to fall into an unusual state. Therefore, a business person must have great vitality in order to act, fight, win, achieve his goals.

For many people, Vlad Listyev was an example of such increased resilience. He went to the goal day after day, achieved more and more successes, created an image for himself and his programs. He had his own ideas about life, his own values. He didn't seem to be afraid of trouble, he didn't shy away from judgment. He loved people, knew how to communicate with them and win over to his side. And people like him, probably, oratory helped a lot. Vlad Listyev knew how to speak!

Of course, a business person must be healthy, physically developed. What kind of work can be expected from a frail, infirm person? And how to do the hard work that constantly lies on the shoulders of the entrepreneur? Of course, you should always keep yourself in shape. However, it is the duty of every business man to take care of his loved ones in case he is gone. How? Of course, we are talking about life insurance. Life insurance cannot prolong the existence of a person, but his relatives can count on substantial payments. Moreover, now this type of insurance is being promoted by many companies, which means competition and relatively low prices.

A business person must control himself, skillfully manage his subordinates, sensibly choose a team for himself, be able to evaluate both associates and competitors at their true worth, and should not brag and envy. How did, say, the head of JSC "MMM" Sergei Mavrodi. He shouted, boasted, made noise, and as a result, he went bankrupt!

Who can become a business person? Firstly, the one who likes entrepreneurship, and secondly, the one who knows how to take risks, win, not be afraid to start all over again. And of course quality higher education in one of the highest universities in the country will not hurt.

Entrepreneurship refers to those types of social activity where often not professional knowledge and skills, namely personal qualities largely determine the success and efficiency of work. Therefore, in the course of a business person’s activity, not only professional development takes place, but also his upbringing as a person, the development of spiritual and moral qualities that he must show in relationships with colleagues, partners, service recipients and customers, and even competitors.

The basis of the personality of a business person should be morality as an internal, spiritual quality of a person, the need to act in accordance with the requirements of ethics and morality, the ability to do good, bring good to people.

The morality of a business person includes three necessary components:

• a) moral knowledge;
• b) moral convictions;
• c) moral need. Let's briefly review their content.

Moral knowledge.

A business person receives the basics of knowledge about morality in the process of training and education. It should be noted that knowledge of the norms of morality does not yet mean the morality of behavior, and therefore it must be recognized that they can be used by a business person only partially or not used at all. In this case, one has to deal with a person with the so-called "double morality", a person who can theoretically be well versed in matters of morality, including business ethics, but does not consider it obligatory for himself to follow its requirements, referring to the fact that his surrounded by people who do not always act morally, but when they are guided by morality, then he will also become a highly moral person. The formation and development of high morality, attempts to make it an organic, integral property of one's personality require from a person not only knowledge, but also constant, throughout life, work on oneself.

Moral beliefs - it is the confidence of a business person in the justice of moral requirements based on experience and knowledge. Moral convictions are a higher stage in the development of the individual, all consciousness, since they are based on a deep and comprehensive assessment of the moral norms known to her, their verification by social practice, life and professional experience, their internal approval and organic acceptance as the only correct and possible. Moral convictions require a business person to be able to look at his activities from the point of view of the interests of the business, to find out the relationship between what he does for society and his partners, and what he is obliged to do. Moral convictions determine the theoretical and practical preparedness of a business person for activity, are the basis for his conscious attitude to his behavior and actions in business practice. They participate in the formation of the volitional qualities of the individual and stable forms of moral response to the surrounding reality.

moral need - the highest degree of moral consciousness of a business person. It is characterized by the presence of a moral need to comply with ethical requirements. When compliance with these requirements becomes an internal need of a person, he organizes all his volitional and emotional qualities in accordance with ethical principles, directs efforts to solve ethically complex business problems precisely from the point of view of morality. In this case, compliance with the requirements of business ethics becomes a stable quality of the individual, a powerful factor mobilizing him to organize his behavior and activities, a matter of duty and conscience, honor and dignity. Guided by moral needs, a business person cannot give up on them and perform actions that are situationally determined as necessary, but do not meet, from his point of view, the criteria of good and evil.

Thus, moral knowledge, beliefs and needs are connected with practical activity and determine it in different ways. They act as the basis for the formation of the personal qualities of a business person and characterize him as a professional.

The personal qualities of a business person can be represented as a system of general specific and specific moral qualities.

General moral qualities are basic, and all subsequent ones reveal them in detail. General moral qualities include: loyalty to one's Fatherland, observance of the best traditions of one's people; recognition of the sovereignty of the individual and the inviolability of his dignity, faith in the inexhaustibility of human goodness; justice as Objective assessment personal and business qualities of people and their activities; openness to communication, self-criticism.

Specific moral qualities:

• civil conscience - a heightened sense of personal responsibility;
• moral will - the ability to win the respect of people, developed self-control;
• honesty - business exactingness, dedication to work, the ability to tell the truth "in the face";
• collectivism - social organization;
• self-control - the ability to endure personal troubles and official failures;
• adherence to principles - consistency in observing and upholding one's moral positions.

Specific moral qualities:

• industriousness - dedication to work;
• modesty - a reasonable use of power, a critical attitude to one's merits and shortcomings;
• responsibility is the unity of word and deed;
• selflessness in helping people;
• generosity - tolerance for the shortcomings of people;
• the ability to forgive personal insults, not to be vindictive.

These moral qualities are those spiritual pillars that help form the spiritual and moral portrait of a business person. Their stability and content determine his moral health, the nature of actions in the conditions of moral choice.

Let us briefly dwell on the specifics of some of them, which most fully reveal the value of the activities of a business person.

Honesty It is the most important quality for a business person. It is impossible to establish normal relations with a business partner if you do not have this quality, because the person who "lied once" in small things cannot be trusted in big things either. However, honesty should be manifested not only in words - one must be honest in deeds.

Tact - a quality that implies the ability of a business person to foresee all the objective consequences of his actions or actions and their subjective perception by other people. Tact as a personality trait of a business person is necessary due to the fact that his behavior always requires the simultaneous observance of many moral requirements that may contradict each other. Taking into account all possible circumstances leading to undesirable consequences, the measure of the usefulness of specific actions and actions of a business person are determined by professional tact, developed on the basis of tact as personal quality. The ability to arrange one's actions in such a way as not to involuntarily put someone in an awkward position, not to offend the self-esteem of the individual, not to humiliate her, is achieved through a comprehensive assessment of the contradictory situation, as well as the trends and dynamics of its development. Business man's strength professional specifics have to deal with the most different people, including immoral, conflict, irritated, overly proud, therefore, the observance of tact in the work of a specialist is especially necessary.

Conscience business person manifests itself as a sense of moral responsibility for their behavior, the need to act in accordance with personal ideas about the good, the good and justice and contains both rational and emotional components. Conscience as a quality of personality is an individualized form of reflection of society's requirements for it and professional group. Conscience acts as a regulator of behavior, prompting a person to a creative search for solutions and warning him against a purely formal approach to the implementation of moral and professional standards. When a situation (a set of external or internal conditions) turns out to be rather complex or non-standard, the individual's conscience prompts him to make the right decision.

Justice must be constantly present in the relationship of a business person with subordinates. A business person may have likes and dislikes, but they should not affect the quality of his business communication; no matter what feelings the subordinate evokes, the attitude towards him should always be even, friendly and attentive, and his problems should be adequately assessed. Fairness is also necessary in relation to colleagues: each of their actions should receive a fair assessment, without exaggeration or underestimation of merits or shortcomings, taking into account both objective and subjective factors. Implementation in practice business activity the principle of justice protects the business person from alienation from the team.

Tolerance - a mandatory quality in the relationship of a business person and an indispensable property of his personality. A business man must be tolerant if he seeks to reach an agreement with his partner. Tolerance is a moral quality that characterizes a respectful attitude towards the interests, beliefs, beliefs, habits of other people. It is based on the steady habit of accepting a person as he is, on recognizing the right to be himself, to have his own habits, views, beliefs, to lead the way of life that he considers expedient, if he does not take on the character of a socially dangerous activity. Tolerance does not mean, however, the business person's approval of those negative ideas or actions of a partner or colleague that may have a negative impact on his life, work, immediate environment or society as a whole.

Strength of will always necessary for a business person in his practical activities. Conscious volitional focus on the performance of objectively necessary actions, the ability not to retreat from obstacles that arise in the course of activity, and to bring the work begun to the end are qualities that develop as a result of work experience and awareness of one's professional duty, overcoming oneself, one's weaknesses.

Excerpt and composure - those personality traits of a business person, without which his professional activity is impossible. Even if a business partner is irritated and allows himself to throw out negative emotions, then in the interests of the business he cannot be answered in the same way. Moreover, one must not lose self-control, otherwise, surrendering to the power of one's own emotions, one may not hear what the partner is saying, fail to perceive the necessary information and correctly evaluate it.

Attentiveness and observation necessary for a business person in everyday practical activities. When working with a business partner, you need to pay attention to the slightest changes in his mood, both positive and negative. Good specialist can always notice the uncertainty and hesitation of the client, his confusion, depression, and finally, poor health or disagreement with the proposed solution, even if for some reason the objections are not expressed aloud. The observance and attentiveness of a business person will give him the opportunity, without wasting time, to prove his case, more weightily arguing proposals, to cheer up the client, to support him. Finally, attentiveness and observation will help to catch the partner’s insincerity and push them to check the information received.

Kindness business person, based on humanism and love for people, has a specific content: it is active. It is embodied in caring for subordinates, creating favorable conditions for their life, a positive emotional mood, in teaching the skills and actions necessary for them, in the ability to provide the necessary assistance in time and in due measure. The kindness of a business person obliges him to act not only in his own interests, but also as having a certain advantage in social status, knowledge, material resources, take into account the interests of business partners, achieving a certain harmony in business relations.

Love for people without it, a business person will never become a friend, a close person for a partner. However, as the proverb says: "It is easier to love all mankind than your neighbor" - and in its professional activity a business person is constantly faced with the fact that not all partners are objectively capable of arousing love for themselves. However, one must be able to see in people positive traits: it is they who can become the basis of love for them. Working with a partner and determining his positive traits and qualities, a business person should strive to reveal those moral foundations that can make the interaction between them truly effective.

Optimism. Entrepreneurship is one of the most difficult areas of activity, since a business person in the face of uncertainty, constant risks associated with business, must demonstrate confidence in the future to partners and colleagues, and this can only be done by maintaining faith in justice and the triumph of good, bringing people joy and hope for a better future.

empathy (from Greek. - empathy) - comprehension of the emotional state of another person in the form of empathy, sympathy, the ability to put oneself in the place of another. The ability for empathy in the form of empathy and sympathy is a necessary personality trait of a business person and is largely determined by the ability to put oneself in the place of a business partner. This quality develops with the accumulation of life and professional experience.

The desire for self-improvement should be manifested in the constant striving for professional growth, the acquisition of practical experience, skills, abilities and new theoretical knowledge, as well as in the improvement of spiritual and moral, the development of moral qualities and overcoming shortcomings, especially those that may adversely affect the quality of work.

The morality of a business person is directed not only to himself, but also to those around him: business partners, colleagues, clients - and this is a significant part of business success. High moral qualities allow a business person to independently regulate his behavior and actions, exercise self-control and moral self-esteem.

Thus, the personality traits of a business person largely determine the success of his business interaction and are necessary condition professional suitability. The formation of moral qualities occurs through the assimilation of the spiritual values ​​of society and the profession, turning them into beliefs and needs in the process of activity. These personality traits of a business person, shown by him in relation to other people and the whole society, contribute to raising the level of public morality and thereby solving a number of socio-economic problems.

All these moral qualities are interconnected, complement each other and are constantly present in behavior and actions, in any situations and relationships, forming in public opinion the appearance of a business person as a highly moral person.

• Shepel V. M. Human competence of a manager. pp. 191-192.

What is business psychology? Who according to their nature can be an entrepreneur? About this conversation of our correspondents O. Izvekova and V. Romanenko with the director of the Russian-American psychological center"Ecopsy" by Professor M. MELIA.

Today we are surrounded by continuous businessmen, managers. What is this new layer of "business people"?

An entrepreneur is a kind of pilgrim, mastering new areas of business. The entrepreneur cares about his profit, but at the same time he satisfies the explicit or hidden solvent needs of society. It is characterized, firstly, by a clear orientation towards success, towards results. Secondly, courage, some rigidity. He goes to competition, rivalry, and therefore there are traits of aggressiveness in his character. Thirdly, emotional stability, "the subcutaneous layer of optimism." He must have high self-esteem in order not to be vulnerable. This allows you to quickly recover from failure and immediately take on a new business. Fourthly, the entrepreneur is distinguished by amazing independence and initiative, oddly enough, sometimes even the inability to work "in a team." There must be some degree of healthy selfishness. And finally, an entrepreneur is necessarily a creator, this is the main thing!

You look at our businessmen and wonder - a doctor opened a cafe, a physicist opened a sewing enterprise ...

You are right, many entrepreneurs (not only here, but also, for example, in America) do not have a special education or come from a different field altogether. But they have great intuition. Knowledge, oddly enough, in some cases can prevent you from quickly making an original decision. Another thing is the manager - it is impossible for him without knowledge. He has a fundamentally different task - the preservation and development of an already created business. Managers are like a stabilizing force in society. They complement entrepreneurs.

Is it possible to say that the managerial or entrepreneurial mentality depends on age?

I think no. One until retirement will always invent something. And for another, even at the age of 20, it is important to come every morning to workplace and have clear responsibilities. And there is no need to demand from everyone "come on, do it!" Thank God that there are people who can do what others have thought up.

Does it depend on gender?

Entrepreneurship is psychologically closer to male character- independence, aggressiveness, individualism. But women can more often be excellent managers, especially in small and medium-sized businesses. They are more willing and better to save and equip this "house", being, as it were, inside it, solving all social, organizational, and personnel issues.

For decades, a planned socialist economy suppressed the entrepreneurial vein in people, killed the very spirit of economic creativity. Isn't that why there are so many businessmen now?

In my opinion, the Soviet system not only did not let entrepreneurial qualities perish, but, on the contrary, developed them. It was necessary to fulfill the plan, but there were no real opportunities, so the "creative process" was in full swing - somewhere the plan was corrected, somewhere the funds were knocked out, somewhere prices were raised. In general, they twisted and turned ... But, on the other hand, in connection with this, we have violated ethical standards. We do not have a "moral code of the builder of capitalism." Since the plan had to be given at any cost - you can give a bribe, resolve issues "through pull", etc. This, by the way, fundamentally distinguishes our businessmen from Western ones. There is a religious basis, clear ethical business standards. We not only violate them, but we do not even know about them.

In society, a predominantly negative attitude towards newly-minted businessmen is widespread. Although no one specifically hated them planted. Why are they so disliked?

There are two images of a businessman in our public consciousness. The first is romantic. This is a hero fighting with officials for the sake of the country's economic prosperity. The second image is of a villain who sells Russia wholesale and retail: they eat caviar with spoons at their presentations, they drink champagne by barrels, and ordinary people cannot buy anything except bread. These images are an indicator of the immaturity of both society and the entrepreneurial class itself. Our businessmen are still in their "teenage years".

What else, besides "social age", is the difference between our businessmen and Western ones?

Perhaps none of our enterprises has a mission. And in the West, this is the basis in business life, any employee imagines what the mission of his company is. Ours are honestly ready to do anything. Of course, there are economic prerequisites for this: in conditions of instability, it is difficult to plan and think about the future, money has come to the account - and I am already happy. The mission also involves work for the future, sometimes the rejection of momentary benefits.

But we have a clearly expressed, and this is our feature, the mission of a person (as opposed to the mission of an organization). Our well-known entrepreneurs are often asked the question: "Why don't you leave? Don't have enough money for tickets?" They answer: "We would like to do something for the prosperity of Russia." Comparing the attitude of our entrepreneurs towards their country and American ones, you find that Americans are proud of their country, they are grateful to her for what she does for them. It is the love of children for their parents. And we love our homeland as parents - for what we can do for it.