Breeding ostriches as a business. Crayfish breeding Franchise sale of equipment and spare parts

Raki is a delicacy product that is very popular in Russia. For residents of the south, eating crayfish is more common than for northerners, since this animal lives in reservoirs that warm up to at least 16 degrees in summer. However, in recent years, due to poor ecology, crayfish have become a rarity in the southern rivers. Since the demand for this delicacy remains unchanged, the artificial breeding of crayfish turns out to be a very profitable business.

To open a crayfish breeding enterprise, you need to register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC by selecting the OKVED code 01.21 (pet breeding). If you are not going to give the goods to wholesale buyers, but plan to engage in retail trade yourself, then code 52.23 should be added ( retail fish, crustaceans and mollusks).

Crayfish are bred in artificial ponds and aquariums. We will look at both technologies.

It is better to choose a place for a pond near the river. The best pond soil is oily or lean clay, as it contains more than 40% clay particles, and when wet, it is dense and viscous. Heavy and medium loams are also suitable for the pond bed. For the construction of the pond, you can use waterproofing materials, for example, a film for the pond. The cost is 375 rubles per square meter. Service life - 25 years. For breeding crayfish, drain ponds are used, since they can regulate the required water level, as well as drain the pond bed, if necessary, in order to get crayfish. In the body of the dam, a bottom tubular spillway is laid from iron, cast iron or asbestos-cement pipes. The spillway consists of a sunbed with a shutter and a pit.

The device of one pond costs at least 70 thousand rubles.

The cancer farm is equipped with several connected ponds with an area of ​​0.1 to 0.3 ha. In flowing ponds, water supply is provided from permanent water sources. Wintering ponds should be located as close as possible to the water supply pond in order to reduce the waterfall flume, as it is difficult to care for it in winter period and water with a large length of the tray cools more strongly, which is bad for crayfish. Nursery ponds should be located near the mother ponds so that transplantation can be carried out quickly. If the size of the territory of the river farm does not allow placing several ponds, then only one can be used, but pools should be provided for jigging of underyearlings.

To make the pond bed waterproof, a layer of pebbles mixed with clay is laid out. The bottom is shaped in such a way that a decrease occurs at the place where the water descends. A film is placed on top, then bitumen is poured, on which a layer of cement mortar is applied in a ratio of 3: 1 with sand. A metal mesh is inserted into the bottom of the drain. The banks should be sheer, a boletus is made around the pond so that when it rains wastewater don't pollute the pond. Near the coast you need to create a shadow by planting trees. The water depth near the shore is no more than 30-40 centimeters.

The recommended size of nursery pools is at least 2.5 by 5 meters, depth is 40-60 centimeters. The pool is concreted, a layer of silt or sand is laid on the bottom, as well as pieces of slate and pipes (shelters). Pools need to be aerated. They are used to hatch larvae from eggs and then grow crayfish to the stage of underyearlings. An aerator for a pond costs from 5 to 20 thousand rubles, the price depends on the volume of water.

The crayfish pond should have shallow and deep water parts. The density of crayfish should be no more than five individuals per square meter of water. Settlement of crayfish in the reservoir occurs no earlier than two weeks after the flood of water.

The cost of one kilogram of live crayfish can range from 200 to 1000 rubles, it all depends on the size of the animals and the season. If possible, crayfish farms prefer to capture female eggs in natural waters in April and May. In June the larvae are caught. They are found on the females, so they are easy to collect.

As food, crayfish are given raw or boiled food (fish waste, shellfish, vegetables, meat waste, etc.). The daily norm of food is considered to be the amount of food, which is 3-4 percent of the cancer body weight, although the exact norm has not been established. The main thing is that the food does not remain for the next feeding, otherwise it will pollute the reservoir, and this will damage the crayfish. In addition, to avoid contamination, food should be loaded into feeders so that the amount of food consumed by the crayfish can be tracked. Feeding is done once every two days and only in the warm season. In winter, crayfish do not move and do not grow, they do not need food.

Fertilization of females occurs in autumn, in October or November. By the beginning of summer, eggs develop under the tail of the female. The larvae are 9-11 millimeters long, they are kept under the tail for about 10 days, after which they detach. One female brings an average of 30 offspring. One male can fertilize 4-5 females. Sex differences in crayfish are weakly expressed. In females, the first pair of abdominal legs is underdeveloped, while in the male, the first two pairs are strongly developed. The abdomen of the female is wider than that of the male. Males are larger than females of the same age. The genital openings of the male are located at the base of the fifth pair of legs, in the female - at the base of the third pair of legs.

The first collection of crayfish is carried out in August of the second year, when the crayfish reach the desired size.

If there are suitable premises, then you can breed crayfish in aquariums. The capacity of the aquarium must be at least 250 liters. The main condition is that the frame metal should not come into contact with water, since contact with metal affects the biological environment, and crayfish react very sharply to this. The aquarium is equipped with a water supply system from below, a filtration and aeration system. These are easy to purchase at any pet store. The cost of one aquarium is not less than 50 thousand rubles. Small gravel and sand are used as soil in the aquarium, stones or driftwood are used as shelters. The advantage of breeding crayfish in aquariums is that it is easier to follow the development of animals and control their conditions, in particular water quality, which is of great importance. It is easy to maintain the desired temperature in the aquarium (20-24 degrees), which means that the growth of crayfish is much faster, because they do not stop developing due to a decrease in temperature. The period of embryonic development of cancers is reduced to 3-4 months. Planting density in a 250 liter aquarium is 50 crayfish.

It is difficult to give any universal calculations of starting investments for opening a cancer farm, since everything depends on the method of breeding, the time when breeding began, the conditions for keeping animals, the number of crayfish, the price of products sold, etc. Entrepreneurs involved in this business note its main positive side: profitability can reach up to 300 percent, but it must be borne in mind that income can be received only after a year.

Agriculture is an ancient branch of business, which can be called quite profitable. Everything that is now sold on the shelves grocery stores- dairy products, meat, vegetables, fruits, eggs and much more are the result of this activity.

Of course, many can immediately say that now the leading place is occupied by products from abroad, and therefore the opening of such a business will be unprofitable. It's not like that at all! environmentally friendly and natural products always enjoy in great demand. And knowing the right approach, developing a cost-effective idea and finding sales outlets finished products- these are all the main indicators of a competent investment. And in order to avoid difficulties at the initial stage, you can use ideas to open your own business in the field of agriculture.

This is a profitable and fast payback business. First of all, you need to choose a profitable industry.

Breeding rabbits

is a very profitable option. In addition to the fact that the meat of these animals has good qualities and has a high cost, their reproduction rate is also quite high. By about 3-4 months, the animal has a commercial value.

Rabbits are highly prolific. The gestation period lasts about a month. After giving birth, the female is ready for fertilization. At a time, a rabbit can bring an average of 12 cubs. Therefore, you can be sure that this business will pay off in a short time.

It is best to start with 5 rabbits. From this amount per year, on average, you can get up to 300 kilograms of dietary meat.

For divorce, you can use the breed:

• gray giant;
• butterfly;
• Californian;
• black-brown;
• Viennese blue;
• flandre;
• soviet marder;
• veil silver;
• rabbit ram;
• Russian ermine;
• downy;
• silver.

Before you start breeding, be sure to calculate the costs.

Cost calculation:

• The cost of renting land is from 20 to 100 thousand rubles, it all depends on the region.
• Acquisition or self-construction of cages for keeping animals - from 10 to 40 thousand.
• The purchase of rabbits in the amount of 60 pieces - from 20 to 30 thousand, it also all depends on the region.
• Feed expenses per year - from 50 thousand to 100 thousand.
• The salary of an employee for the year is about 120 thousand.

On average, for a year of work it will take from 218 to 390 thousand rubles.

Income calculation:

• Income from the sale of meat products. If you have 40 rabbits and 20 males, then you can get 20 rabbits from each female in a year. As a result, there will be 800 of them per year. Each weighs 1.9 kilograms, which means that 1.5 kg of pure meat comes out. A kilogram of rabbit meat costs an average of 200-250 rubles. From meat per year you can get up to 375 thousand rubles.
• Income from the sale of skins. 1 skin costs 200 rubles, so 800 skins will cost 160 thousand rubles.

In the first year you can earn about 535 thousand rubles.

Sheep breeding

What you need to open:

• First of all, you need to implement a milk production plan. It consists of 3 stages:
  • Training. The search for funds for the development of the business, the conclusion of contracts with suppliers and buyers of products. Duration is 5-7 months.
  • Arrangement. At this stage, it is necessary to build a barn, a milking parlor, purchase equipment and feed. This stage will take 4-5 months.
  • Work process. At this stage, direct action is carried out. This includes the production of feed, the sale of milk and dairy products.
• Feed production. To reduce feed costs, it is better to produce it yourself. For growing fodder crops, land should be used, which will be located near the farm. As fodder crops, it is desirable to use spring vetch, corn, clover, oats, perennial grasses. For production, it is necessary to build a workshop. It will cost about 150-200 thousand rubles. Cows should be fed hay and silage. For deoxidation, soda is added to the feed.
• Works on the production and marketing of dairy products. To do this, you can purchase your own milk bottling and packaging line. The bottling and packaging process uses high temperature processing. Packaged products are transported to distribution points. Unprocessed milk can be sold to factories that specialize in milk processing.

In the future, it will be possible to expand the farm and increase the number of livestock.

Growing vegetables

Food production is profitable direction, because they are always in price and are in great demand. Especially profitable is the cultivation of vegetables. At the first stage, you need to consider:

• Place for landing. First of all, you need to find a plot of land for cultivation. The soil must be of good quality and fertile. Therefore, an analysis is necessarily carried out to identify soil pollution with nitrates, pesticides, heavy metals.
• Choice of vegetables. To do this, it is necessary to analyze the market for the most popular options. You can choose potatoes, carrots, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers.
• Variety selection. The variety is selected depending on the climatic conditions of the region.

Where can you sell products?

• Selling at wholesale and retail market. At these points, you can get high profits with a quick turnover. But there must be a vehicle for transporting vegetables.
• Sales of products to wholesalers. This method will save transportation and transport costs, but the cost of vegetables will be lower.
• Sales to shops, supermarkets, restaurants.
• Cultivation for a specific buyer.

What will you spend on:

• costs for planting material;
• purchase of plant protection products from pests;
• purchases of fertilizers;
• the cost of renting land, building and repairing facilities;
• costs for the purchase and maintenance of transport;
• expenses for payment of utility bills;
• payment to the working staff.

In general, the level of income depends on the amount of vegetable output per 1 sq. m of land. Subject to all conditions, proper landing and holding further work For the full growth of plants, you can get a good harvest. Vegetables can always be sold at a good price.

Russia is a very diverse country. Megacities with a developed and extensive infrastructure coexist with small villages. Traditionally, villages are considered sites for the development of agriculture, but in the village you can develop successful business! The main difference is that the competition is much lower than the city.

To decide what kind of business to do in the village, you can analyze the franchise market. A franchise business involves the use of the franchisor's brand and best practices, as well as the use of well-established business processes and ongoing support at all stages.

In this article, I will talk about what kind of franchise business you can do in the village, what is needed for this, what difficulties you may encounter and give interesting market offers with quantitative indicators.

Features of the village business

To understand what kind of business can be opened in the village, you need to understand all the features and nuances. This issue needs to be studied in as much detail as possible in order to be prepared for any course of circumstances.

When choosing a business area, you need to pay attention to the needs of customers. After all, the success of your business directly depends on whether your business will be popular or not.

After analyzing the underdeveloped infrastructure in the village, we can conclude that the service sector will be a fairly profitable area. It also helps to verify the correctness of this statement by the fact that even with high competition in urban conditions, establishments such as hairdressers, cafes and restaurants, pharmacies or entertainment centers pay off and increase profits.

Own production in the countryside is also much easier to organize than in the city. Staff salaries are lower, free space for production is also easier to find, rent is lower.

All of the above features will give you competitive advantage at the start. And in the case of a franchise business, you will provide yourself with the easiest entry into the world of business, because in fact the franchisor will cooperate with you hand in hand.

Chio Chio is a unique barbershop. For all services in these salons, a fixed cost: 150 rubles. (with a city/village population of up to 150,000 people) This condition attracts a large flow of customers. Any haircut will cost visitors this amount, which is affordable even for people with incomes below average.

All people want to take care of themselves and the villagers are no exception. Both youth and age people visit hairdressers, so there will definitely be a demand for such a business.

I hope my article will help those who want to open a business in the village decide which option they should choose.

The agricultural industry opens endless possibilities to organize your business. And various government support programs, along with tax incentives, allow the development of industry and trade in this area. Therefore, agriculture as a business seems to be a very interesting direction for entrepreneurs who want to.

What is profitable to do in agriculture: choose a niche

Promising and profitable business ideas in agriculture quite a lot, but when deciding to do business in this industry, you need to consider a number of conditions: start-up capital, the climate in the region, the availability of qualified personnel and state support programs.

For entrepreneurs with a limited budget, the issue of initial investment is one of the paramount. It is no secret that some types of agriculture, such as animal husbandry, require several million to open. If financial opportunities are small, it is better to pay attention to.

Therefore, the first thing you should start an agricultural business with is the choice of an industry. The following types of activities are distinguished:

• animal husbandry;
• beekeeping;
• growing mushrooms;
• growing vegetables and fruits;
• grain cultivation.

Let's take a closer look at the most popular destinations.

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animal husbandry

Many entrepreneurs, figuring out what is profitable to do in agriculture, opt for breeding animals - large (cows, pigs, horses, sheep) and small ones (rabbits, chinchillas).

Important! Breeding large cattle involves high competition, so you need to carefully consider potential markets at the stage of business planning.

Another option for how to make money in agriculture is to breed rabbits. Considering the rapidly growing demand for dietary meat of these small individuals, this business, with an investment of about 200,000 rubles. will bring about 1,000,000 rubles. revenue per year. You can sell not only meat, but also skins, as well as breed decorative rabbits.

To organize a business, you need to buy 2-3 cages, for example, Mikhailov's mini-farm, the cost of which is 19,000 rubles, 50-60 rabbits for 300 rubles. per individual, as well as animal feed.

Learn more about how to open . Consider rough plan implementation of this commercial idea.

It can also bring a high income, even if you organize a business at home.

Business ideas for agriculture: growing poultry

Experienced businessmen note that poultry farming is an extremely profitable area, allowing to achieve 80-100% profitability of sales. Russian farmers often breed chickens, turkeys, ducks, quails, but birds such as pheasants and ostriches are now gaining popularity.

Growing turkeys is one of the most promising business options. Most often they acquire wide-breasted white turkeys, which are distinguished by good meat characteristics, fast growth and excellent egg production.

The first thing to start this business in agriculture is the construction of bird pens and their insulation, since individuals should be protected from frost, drafts and damp rooms. On average, it will cost 50,000 - 70,000 rubles. Next, you need to purchase the turkeys themselves - 30,000 - 40,000 rubles. In general, the cost of opening this case will be about 150,000 rubles. provided that 30 - 35 individuals are purchased. This will allow in a year of operation of the enterprise to receive about 200,000 rubles. net profit.

Consider an example. Learn about the features of breeding this bird on a domestic and industrial scale.

Be sure to read what profit pheasants will bring.

It is interesting that it does not create any particular difficulties, since these birds are generally resistant to disease and unpretentious, and goose meat and down are in good demand.

mushroom cultivation

Mushrooms, especially champignons and oyster mushrooms, are a product of constant demand among the population, characterized by unpretentiousness to the conditions of detention and fast germination. Therefore, the cultivation of these crops is one of the topical business ideas for agriculture.

The production process in this case is 2-3 months and includes the following steps: the purchase of seeds, the preparation of the substrate, the cultivation of mushrooms and the marketing of products. To organize a business, you will need an area, the size of which is 60-70 square meters. m to equip the incubator and the germination chamber. The purchase of equipment will require about 250,000 rubles. These costs will pay off in less than a year and can bring up to 100,000 rubles. profits from the production of 10-12 tons of mushrooms.

vegetable growing

How to start an agricultural business from scratch and without large investments? You can choose such an activity as growing various plants. To start work, it is not necessary to purchase a land plot - it can be rented, and the use of greenhouses allows you to produce vegetables and herbs all year round.

Growing greens is a profitable direction, which is quite simple to deal with, since plants such as lettuce, onions, dill, cilantro, parsley are unpretentious in care, especially if they grow in greenhouse conditions. The main thing is to decide on the soil and equip greenhouses. The most suitable types of soil for these plants are:

• Earth;
• gravel;
• hydroponics;
• sawdust;
• expanded clay.

The equipment will require heaters, lighting fixtures, racks, an irrigation system and various pallets, boxes and other containers. For a large-scale enterprise, you will need to organize a hydroponics system - this will help to avoid rotting greens.

Among the vegetables most often cultivated are tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, carrots and potatoes. These products provide high profitability, but if we talk about potatoes, the costs will also be very significant, since when processing a large area, it will be necessary to organize the work of specialized equipment.

Important! When working with plant crops, it must be taken into account that they are highly dependent on climatic conditions - sudden frosts and heavy hail can lead to large losses.