Pavel Pavlovich Kutsko Russian microelectronics: realities and prospects. We need information about ourselves

Problems of substitution of imported electronic components in domestic instrumentation and effective ways to solve them

In the context of the economic blockade of Russia by the Western European states and the United States and ongoing sanctions for more than one year, the leadership of the Russian Federation has set the strategic task of increasing the technological independence of the domestic industry from the EU and NATO countries, which is especially important for strengthening the country's defense capability and security. Domestic potential is involved in solving problems: technical, technological, economic and personnel.

The basis for the construction of radio-electronic means of strategically important state purpose is the electronic component base (ECB), therefore, the creation of a modern necessary range of domestic products electronic engineering and electrical engineering is a key challenge.

The problem of real substitution of imported electronic component base of foreign production (ECB IP) in domestic instrumentation and reduction of technological dependence on foreign supplies is not only the development of unified domestic analogues of electronic components products that are not inferior to the best foreign models and satisfy primarily the operational requirements of equipment developers, but also in the planned replacement of ECB IP with domestic analogues as part of the equipment at the stage of its modernization. The solution to the problem is not so much in the scientific and technical plane, but in the organizational one, requiring high level coordination of the activities of federal government bodies, state corporations and industrial organizations. At the same time, the leadership of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia determined the FSUE "Mytishchi Research Institute of Radio Measuring Instruments" (FSUE "MNIIRIP"), the leading research organization of the ministry in the field of development and application of electronic components, as a center of competence.

One of the primary tasks of FSUE "MNIIRIP" is a public discussion of the real problems of import substitution, the search for an optimal and economically feasible way to solve them and the development of innovative management solutions to fulfill the tasks set by the state in the field of reducing technological dependence on the supply of ECB IP.

On March 1–2, 2018, FSUE MNIIRIP, with the support of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, is holding a conference “Actual issues of supply of domestically produced electronic component base products. Import substitution and quality assurance”.

The conference will address the following issues:

• import substitution and organization of acquisition of samples of radio-electronic equipment for special purposes ECB of domestic production;

• information support for the selection and use of electronic components in the process of development and production of radio-electronic equipment;

• ensuring and quality control of electronic components, the role and place of certification systems in the implementation of measures to improve them.

A business discussion of the above issues will make it possible to form a scientifically based paradigm for managing the coordination of work in the field of creating a new technological structure for enterprises in the electronics industry, developing and serial development of the minimum required range of ECB of a new generation, phased import substitution of ECB IP in the composition of equipment with modern domestic analogues and reducing technological dependence on supplies from abroad.

The conference is planned to be attended by representatives of federal executive authorities, State Corporation Roscosmos, State Corporation Rosatom, State Corporation Rostekhnologii, integrated structures, the Union of Mechanical Engineers of Russia, the Interdepartmental Council of Chief Designers for Electronic Component Base, organizations and industrial enterprises.

Pavel Pavlovich Kutsko appointed director of FSUE "MNIIRIP" (order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation dated January 23, 2018). The decision was made in order to strengthen the administrative capacity of the institute's leadership.

P.P. Kutsko is an authoritative senior manager in the radio-electronic industry, has vast many years of experience and practical knowledge in this industry, gained while serving in the military administration of the Russian Ministry of Defense and working in the Department of Radio-Electronic Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia.

Pavel Pavlovich Kutsko was born in Minsk in 1966. In 1988 he graduated from the Minsk Higher Engineering Anti-Aircraft Missile Air Defense School with a degree in Radio Engineering. From August 1983 to April 2011, P.P. Kutsko served in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as a reserve colonel. From August 2011 to December 2017, he was Deputy Director of the Department of the Radio-Electronic Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, Pavel Pavlovich - Candidate of Technical Sciences.

The program of the SEMICON Russia 2013 conference included several discussions on topical issues of the current state of the semiconductor industry in Russia. One of them was devoted to the strengths and weaknesses of this industry and its development strategy - focusing on certain areas in which Russia today has key competencies and competitiveness.

The participants of the discussion paid much attention to the role of the state, its actions and a well-thought-out strategy for supporting and developing the industry in the country. It turned out that foreign experts sometimes look at this with great optimism, but everyone admits that the country has a small domestic market, which is densely occupied by foreign suppliers - however, Russian developments have the potential to enter international markets, but only in the areas of key competencies , the engines for the development of which can serve as a solution to social problems with transport, medicine and security within the country. All market players expect specific preferences from the authorities, assistance in unresolved problems with customs barriers, and concrete steps to stimulate domestic demand for domestic microelectronic components.

the site provides excerpts from the discussion, which was attended by representatives of the main Zelenograd enterprises, Mikron and Angstrem, speakers from the Ministry of Industry and Trade and Ruselectronics, as well as guests of the conference from Russian regions and from abroad - market experts from Frost & Sullivan and STMicroelectronics.

Heinz Kundert, President of SEMI Europe, moderator of the discussion: - I see that the government has already launched quite a lot of programs to support and finance the industry. I would like to hear opinions on this situation, is there enough support from the state or not?

We need information about ourselves

Nikolai Lisay

Nikolai Lisay, director of business development at Angstrem-T: - My vision and understanding of the role of the state in the development of the electronic industry in Russia is as follows. The first point: talking with many experts and specialists, I see that the main problem we have is a clear state development strategy. This is a sore point - without a clear strategy, it is not clear how and where to move. The microelectronics industry is very closely connected with state interests, therefore, of course, the influence of the state here is expected and in demand - the presence of state policy, strategy, and programs is an important development factor.

The second point: we have an absolutely fantastic situation with market data in our country. I remember the Soviet era when we created spacecraft, and there was a wild problem to get the so-called departmental directories of the Ministry of Electronics Industry - all of us, equipment developers, were chasing after them, they were classified, and it was such a happiness to get access to them. So, unfortunately, the situation has not changed much in 30 years. The high militarization of the industry to some extent predetermined its closeness. And today everyone - both us and our foreign colleagues - is interested in: what is the Russian microelectronics market? What is its volume, what is produced, what is not produced? Unclear. To be honest, when I do some analytical calculations while in Moscow, I look for data on the Russian market, for example, in the CIA World Book of Facts. In Russia, I could not find them. We need information about ourselves, and, unfortunately, reliable data is difficult to find. All companies publish some indicators of their activities on their websites, in general terms - and about nothing. This is an old problem of understanding the Russian market, while millions of such studies with various statistics are being created in the West.

The third point, and also a sore point, is about state support, tax burden, and so on. I would not say that the situation is terrible and everything is so bad here, especially compared to European taxes, which are simply colossal. Everyone wants investments to come to our industry, everyone talks about state support measures, but they are different. One of the primitive options is when people come to the Ministry of Industry and Trade and say, “Give me money! We'll spend it on so-and-so." I have a study by McKinsey, a well-known consulting company - an analysis of government support measures used in various countries of the world: the USA, China, Taiwan, Israel. We were pursuing funding for Angstrem-T and just wanted to show the government how the situation with the financing of Angstrem-T correlates with state support measures in other countries. The analysis highlights eight areas of state support - tax incentives and everything else - and so Angstrem-T could put minuses on them all, there was only one plus: the interest rate of a bank loan was more or less normal. There is something to work on, right?

By the way, I asked the heads of a number of major European companies: “What can make you come to Russia with investments in production?” and waited for an answer, for example, about the cheapness of labor. The answer was different. Skilled labor is expensive everywhere - you can't pay $50 a month to a Chinese farmer to operate a $50 million machine, it's too big a risk. The question today is not where the labor force is cheaper - microelectronics is everywhere high requirements for qualifications. The choice today is based on which country gives more preferences.

The simplest thing is to find an excuse for what you don't do.

Ankit Shukla

Ankit Shukla(Ankit A. Shukla), director of technology research practice at the international consulting company Frost & Sullivan: - You mentioned bank interest ... We believe that the Russian government is still not doing enough for the industry. Do they know what they want? We were surprised by the results of our survey of over 100 companies. Perhaps these 92% really just want to develop faster? 45% of our respondents were optimistic about their development... This is a combination of optimism and reality, pessimism. If you think that you can develop faster, but you do not develop, then there are obstacles for this? Clearly, the simplest thing is to find an excuse for what you are not doing.

People who want to invest in microelectronics should have a clear idea of ​​which segment to invest in, and all signals that come from the market should be considered as a whole, only then it will be possible to understand the processes taking place on it. As for state support, perhaps some measures are needed to facilitate exports, for example. I was intrigued by the information about the McKinsey study, but the culture of innovation really differs in different countries. Everyone has different leaders, personalities on whom everything depends, they all work in different ways... I would like Russia to expect not just to catch up with someone, but to make a leap forward and bypass everyone in some ways, to do something breakthrough.

Market participants must take the initiative

Heinz Kundert

Heinz Kundert: — One of the industry competitiveness metrics is foreign direct investment and its attraction. In Russia, we are now seeing some signs of greater opportunities to attract such investments, and the government is also doing something - maybe not enough, but trying. The free market, it became easier to import, a lot has changed. On the other hand, not so many investments come to Russia, something is holding them back. Alan, you are familiar with the situation in Europe and around the world, maybe you can explain it?

Alan Astier

Alan Astier(Alain Astier), vice-president of the European microelectronic company STMicroelectronics: - In fact, I'm not a pessimist, I'm optimistic. If you look at other countries, you will see that there is no paradise anywhere. Each region has its own characteristics. Russia is, of course, a very rich country, a rich population, so we look at Russia as a country for which today there is a question of social changes - including the issue of transport, which is not fully developed, the issue of security, medical support and other issues. which are solved all over the world.

The market here is still small, it must be admitted, but there is potential. The authorities in Russia are trying to find solutions, and the very innovations we are talking about are designed to solve the problems of medicine, security, transport, and so on. It seems to me that the solution may be to change the nature of the market, the basic factors that influence it, there are a lot of them.

I know that single crystals are produced in Zelenograd, which are known throughout the world, and all my partners were amazed at the quality. Education and science in Russia has also always been a strong point, there are many research scientists who want to develop something, including in the field of silicon. All these are points in favor of Russia. At the same time, it seems to me that Russia is expressing a desire to move forward, but this is still quite a long way to go. All the ingredients for potential development are there, but market participants must take the initiative - governors, heads of industry, laboratories that conduct R&D. And there must be a common unified strategy that would manage all this.

We do not see direct investments of foreign companies in Russian electronics

Heinz Kundert: — And what is the opinion of Mr. Shelepin? Mikron is the largest company in Russia in this industry, it invests a lot on its own and with the participation of the government. What do you think the government should do to improve the situation and help companies, in particular your company?

Nikolay Shelepin

Nikolai Shelepin, First Deputy General Director of NIIME, Deputy general designer NIIME and Mikron: - Over the past two or three years, concrete steps have been taken both by the government and by private companies. Perhaps for the government these steps are still somewhat unconscious, perhaps it has not yet moved away from the idea of ​​​​direct support for enterprises, although the new state program shows that direct support - as we say, funding "to support pants" - will be reduced, and only those enterprises that will present real investment projects with the release of real products on the market will be financed. It's scheduled.

Now let's see under what conditions we want to develop our market. All companies are happy to cooperate with us, but - for our money! In general, we do not see direct investments of foreign companies in Russian electronics. Once upon a time, Philips built a plant for the production of kinescopes and televisions in Voronezh, and then left there.

Another point: there is a company in microelectronics, it needs to develop its business, what do we have? The market in Russia is indeed very small, but we must try to enter it and take away market share from someone. The market is very densely occupied by suppliers of foreign components, who have been working in this area for decades, they have their own extensive experience in the design of microelectronic devices. Competition even in our domestic market from foreign companies is fierce. This can be seen in the development and supply of chips for transport applications, say, for the Moscow Metro, where competition from foreign companies is not always fair. Another example is a large project to create domestic chips for passport and visa documents. Imagine, when we were developing them, in 2009-2010, ready-made microcircuits lay for months, and the budget of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications did not have a small amount for interdepartmental tests. We wrote many letters to various authorities in order to finally break through these tests, and at the expense of two enterprises - Micron and Angstrem-M, developers of microcircuits. The Ministry did not find 15 million for this. Here are our terms.

In what directions should we develop? Yes, Russia should primarily address issues of social development - medicine, transport, security - including with the help of electronics. In addition, Russia is a space power, and it needs to solve the problems of creating electronic components for space exploration. Here are four positions. Moreover, the space direction is complex from a scientific and technical point of view, but does not create a large load for manufacturing enterprises. And the first three areas, in the presence of state programs for the creation of equipment and electronic components, could become a very serious incentive for the development of electronics - the very incentive that, by and large, we dream of. In the direction of security, foreign microcircuits containing cryptographic information protection tools, simply by definition, should not compete with us - nevertheless, it exists. These areas give us the opportunity to develop our competencies in the market together with state programs.

Do we have potential? An example of the implementation of a microcircuit for a universal electronic card (UEC) shows that there is potential. At the end of 2010, the President of Russia announced that the social card project was being transferred to the UEC project, and in addition to providing access to various services, this card should also have the functionality of a payment card - that is, it should be a Russian payment system, but our cards must comply , for example, international MasterCard specifications. To be honest, at the end of 2010, I just felt bad when I realized that we should make chips that would be certified by international organizations according to the same rules by which all chips for payment systems of foreign manufacturers are certified - while in Russia, tell us how to do it and what to do, there was simply no one. Nevertheless, an indicator that Russia has good heads for development is that we have gone through this path in two years and at the end of 2012 received a MasterCard certificate and other international certificates, including a chip safety certificate, which, apart from us, only seven foreign companies.

Outside of Russia, there is a common strategy - but you don’t seem to have it yet?

Heinz Kundert: - Mr. Kutsko, your comment? In the development of microelectronics in all countries of the world, government signals play a very important role, since this is a very capital-intensive industry. In May 2013, the European Union announced that the European Union will spend 10 billion euros to ensure that by the end of 2020 the share of European countries in the global microelectronics market has grown to 20% - now it is 10%. This means that over the next 7-8 years we need to create new technologies on a very large scale in order to achieve this goal. I attended a meeting on this topic, there were the leaders of eight large European companies, they were encouraged to follow this goal - there was talk of organizing R&D, and they all agreed that the goal was just! 10 billion euros and another 100 billion euros of private investment. There was a very positive response to the government's initiative. It remains to distribute the roles, who should do what, which companies - this remains to be decided. Thus, the European Union finances new production, the same thing happens in the US and other countries. Returning to my question: don't you think, Mr. Kutsko, that the EU strategy is possible in Russia as well? That you can turn to industrialists and say: I want to achieve such and such a goal in 5-10 years, let's work, we will support you! I see that you have done a lot lately for the development of the industry, but each individual initiative is important in itself. Outside of Russia, there is a common strategy - but you don’t seem to have it yet?

Pavel Kutsko

Pavel Kutsko, Deputy Director of the Department of Radio-Electronic Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation: — What can I say? Government changes have taken place recently, the FTP for the development of electronic component base and radio electronics is being carried out quite successfully, the government has adopted a new state program, which I spoke about. Within the framework of this program, measures are envisaged for the development of the microelectronic industry. There must be a strategy, and it is being developed and prepared now. It takes into account the trends in the global growth of microelectronics, the peculiarities of Russia, the current development of the industry and its potential.

In recent years, it cannot be said that we have made a significant leap in this direction. First of all, our successes are connected with the enterprises of Zelenograd. Of course, the development of the industry in Russia is constrained by a limited domestic market. But I believe that without solving the issues of access to foreign market It is difficult to solve the issues of microelectronics development and attraction of private capital. The Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Government of the Russian Federation are working in these areas, coordinating these works.

Yes, there are specific directions for the development of domestic microelectronics, which should support the development of the entire industry, and domestic microelectronic products should displace foreign ones in those segments in which it is supposed, provided for and permitted by WTO rules. There are issues that need to be addressed - this is the development of microelectronics for space, special applications, for passport and visa documents. In this direction, a lot of joint work has already been done over the past year, in particular, to determine the status of domestic microcircuits, which is necessary for the distribution of preferences in their production and supply. The Ministry of Industry and Trade is quite lively and perceives well all the innovations that come both from within, from our developers, and from foreign partners.

I do not understand what you will enter the international market with

Ankit Shukla: — I think microelectronics in Russia today is driven mainly by solving problems, for example, in the automotive industry. Automotive electronics are becoming more and more in demand all over the world - now the car's cockpit is already crammed with devices almost like a fighter jet cockpit. Another example is the Moscow metro, it is quite difficult to organize efficient movement in the metro the way it is done here.

Anatoly Dvurechensky

Anatoly Dvurechensky, Deputy Director of the Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences): — Pavel Kutsko said that our market is small, we need to enter the foreign market. What will you go out with? To do this, you need to have, as everyone knows, intellectual property. If you remember Soviet times, the Ministry of Electronics Industry had a special department for funding research and development. When everything collapsed, the intellectual property of technology did not go away - it was, they talked about it. I am from the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, I work in Novosibirsk. The Samsung company came to us in Akademgorodok and organized its representative office, which is still there. When we developed a new flash memory, we could not contact our electronics industries - they were not able to produce it due to the lack of appropriate technologies. And we gave the design to Samsung along with the intellectual property, they now produce good circuits based on our design, and we all buy them. So, the question is: with what to enter the foreign market? You say that our electronics stopped surviving and began to develop. Previously, the Ministry of Electronic Industry had a representative office in Novosibirsk, during the Soviet era, at research centers - I did not see this in your program, only very schematically in Mikron, as a necessity. If this is not planned, I don’t understand what you will enter the international market with?

Pavel Kutsko: — I want to say that at present in Russia, R&D for the creation of products of an electronic component base is funded at an unprecedented level. Including your organization is involved in their implementation. But that's not the point. You act as developers intellectual property in Russia on the issue of selling it abroad. But we are talking not only about the development of developments in Russia, but also about the development of production.

Nikolai Shelepin: — Yes, we must enter the foreign market, having passed a certain path in the domestic market. Gotta be in line strategic development develop some new products, test them on the domestic market and go out with them. As for intellectual property, first of all, everyone is concerned not with its presence in the products with which we enter the foreign market, but with the intersection of what we have with someone else's intellectual property. In addition, we are still talking about microelectronics and integrated circuits and semiconductor devices - and there 90% of intellectual property is design circuitry and technological solutions, which, as a rule, are created not at all in academic institutions, but in design centers. Share of intellectual property at the level fundamental research is, in my opinion, very small.

Pavel Prikhodko,

Pavel Prikhodko, Head of the Center for Optimization production systems in the Russian Electronics holding: - The issues discussed here are vital from the point of view of the realities of enterprises and holdings that exist in Russia. The main theme, in my opinion, is the expansion of the market for the consumption of the Russian electronic component base (ECB). We created today's narrow market ourselves by letting in foreign suppliers. Yes it was hard time, but now the task, including the government and its bodies, is to limit the functions of second suppliers, to raise the role of domestic enterprises and factories.

In our holding, we are already implementing the following policy: the enterprises of the Sirius and Orion concerns involved in our field will be guided by the ECB of our plants. ECB should become competitive in terms of cost and technical characteristics. To do this, today the ideology of cost reduction is being carried out, the optimization of enterprises on a functional and territorial basis, the formation of clusters is not only a tribute to fashion, but also a tool with which we today solve the problems of the electronics industry. In addition, today we are pursuing a policy of concentrating resources on the so-called points of growth - the most successful enterprises that have retained their scientific and technical potential and personnel, technical and technological equipment are selected, and we invest both budget money and our own investments in them, redistribute assets. It is thanks to these points of growth that it is already possible to create products that are advanced in terms of technical level. And then there will be a chain reaction.

Nikolai Shelepin: — How will Russian electronic components become competitive economically and in terms of technical characteristics? The answer is obvious. Except for our costs of customs clearance and delivery of products, the prices for manufacturing a silicon wafer are almost the same all over the world. It remains for us, with the help of the state, to reduce our losses on the efficiency of delivery of raw materials and to work effectively with their suppliers. Further, I see no problem for our components to catch up with foreign ones. On the technical side, you need to apply your brains and make a perfect design. Three years ago, a Russian representative of NXP stated loudly and confidently: “Mikron will never make a chip for transport applications of the same technical level as NXP.” Made! And even better, and received an international certificate.

I have already talked about our cooperation with companies that have a lot of experience - for example, with Elvis. Our production has already produced microprocessors with an onboard Space Wire interface, which surpasses almost all the world's best analogues. Here is an example of how to gain experience and design competitive products in areas in which we have competence.

Over the past 5-6 years, many organizations have tried to make a navigation processor for the "big fashion" - for GLONASS. While they were doing something on 180-90 nm technologies, the respected company ST Microelectronics released a universal chip with a 65nm topology, which, thanks to serial production, covers all our attempts - now it will take a long time to catch up with them. This means that we need to develop those areas in which we have competence and we can compete with the rest of the world at the development level.

Three years ago, I was a big skeptic about the creation of production at Mikron

Yuri Vasiliev

Yuri Vasiliev, head of the Zelenograd special economic zone: - I will try to heat up the situation a little in the discussion and, on behalf of all Zelenograd residents, I will ask the Ministry of Industry and Trade and Roselectronics a question. To be honest, it was difficult to understand anything specific about the next steps from the presentation of the Ministry on the state program, given the short time of the report. Tell us about the period for the next year - what can we feel in Zelenograd, together with Angstrem, Mikron and everyone else?

Pavel Kutsko:— I really like the direction of our discussion today and the fact that our foreign guests receive fewer questions from Russian colleagues than we do. It seems that you can communicate with us only at such a conference. I have already said that we are now completing the implementation of the federal target program (FTP) for the development of the electronic component base and radio electronics until 2015, the last stage of this program is underway. Specifically, in Zelenograd, the successes and development of Mikron's production - this was done, among other things, with the money of this FTP. Today, as already mentioned, we received products designed and manufactured in Zelenograd (Elvis - Mikron) that exceed the world level.

As for investment activities: work is underway to bring production at Mikron to the level of 90nm. For the next year, it is planned to complete the development of various technologies carried out at Zelenograd enterprises - at Angstrem, Mikron, Elvis, in design centers like Milandra, etc. Regarding the activities of the Ministry of Industry and Trade: we will continue to work on determining domestically produced microcircuits to justify and introduce preferences in the field of specific applications for the Russian Federation.

Maybe I'm being vague again? It seems to me that the result is still evident, especially for Russian companies. For example, three years ago I was a big skeptic about the creation of production at Mikron and its development at the world level. Now, having taken root in this process with my head, I believe in the development of domestic microelectronics and in the possibility of achieving a modern level in Russia.

Pavel Prikhodko:- Roselectronics is the operator of the Ministry of Industry and Trade and is implementing three scientific and technical projects in Zelenograd. The first is the creation of a technological line, complex technologies of the order of 0.25-0.18 microns in the Zelenograd Innovation and Technology Center under the leadership of Vladimir Bespalov and Anatoly Kovalev. The second is the Center for designing and manufacturing photomasks for the entire electronics industry, which has already been created in Zelenograd on the territory of the MIET Technopark; it is provided with modern technological equipment and software that will be accredited and compatible with many of the world's foundries. Third, Roselectronics recently bought the Elma-Malakhit enterprise, which is engaged in gallium arsenide and gallium nitrite microelectronics technologies. We are going to support this direction and we think that these technologies will serve as a good basis for creating microwave and power electronics in Russia, because it is impossible to buy such structures from abroad. And, finally, to close the innovation cluster that we are doing in Zelenograd, there is an agreement with MIET on scientific and technical cooperation and on targeted training of personnel necessary for the entire Russian electronics industry.

Heinz Kundert: — Someone wants to make the last statement?

Nikolai Lisay: — I absolutely agree with my colleagues who said that it is necessary to enter the world markets. It's not just that the Russian market is small, it's conditional. We also need to develop instrumentation, which consumes electronic components - there must be a strategy for the development of the country, industrial policy in a global sense, and this is the topic of another meeting and discussion.

Two small examples. When I tried to understand the needs of the Russian market for chips, I turned, in particular, to Russian Railways. This is a fact: Russian Railways makes about 1,000 passenger class cars a year, each with about 10 microcontrollers that control doors, pneumatics, alarms, air conditioning, etc. - such is the need for Russian Railways in chips. Small, the plant will not seriously load it. The second illustration: I talked with the president of AvtoVAZ and suggested that he put our components on cars. The reaction was this: no one has anything against it (and Russian Railways, by the way, too), but on the condition that our chips for ABS, for example, will be no more expensive and no worse in quality than similar chips from Bosch, which are used now. “Of course we will buy! And if they are more expensive and worse - what's the point? The Zhiguli is already hard to sell.”

That is, the domestic market is small and really complex, many companies trade in foreign components with a reputation. Enter the world markets? Yes, but not necessarily with super innovative products. We recently traveled to the USA and saw with our own eyes that there is a need for products of companies with design standards of 1 micron - they live well there and thrive there. The question is how to competently find a niche, ensure quality, rhythm of deliveries, work with a quality management system, etc. It is possible and necessary to enter world markets, but the problem is different - we are very far from understanding how these world markets work and are arranged. How many of us are specialists who understand this? How to sell there, how to look for promotion channels, what should be the pricing policy ... How to instill in potential global buyers the confidence that "these Russians who jumped out like a devil from a snuffbox" will provide quality, good prices and timely deliveries? This is a very difficult task. This is what the resurgent semiconductor industry in Russia needs to work on and think about.

Today, March 15, 2016, the 19th International Exhibition "ExpoElectronics" and the 14th International Exhibition ElectronTechExpo.

ExpoElectronics is the largest international exhibition of electronic components, modules and accessories in Russia and Eastern Europe in terms of number and most representative in terms of exhibitors; holder of the title "The Best Exhibition of Russia" on the subject "Electronics and Components" in all categories according to the All-Russian rating of exhibitions.

ElectronTechExpo is the only international exhibition in Russia for technologies, equipment and materials for the production of electronic and electrical products.

The opening ceremony of the exhibitions was attended by:

Pavel Pavlovich Kutsko, Deputy Director of the Department of Radio-Electronic Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation

Maxim Valerievich Grishin, Head of Department of the Federal State budget institution"46th Central Research Institute" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Alexey Vladimirovich Kondratiev, Advisor to the Chairman of the Commission for the Defense Industrial Complex of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs

Arseny Valerievich Brykin, Deputy General Director of the holding company Ruselectronics

Victoria Andreevna Shelepova, Technical Director RT-INFORM company

Alexey Vladimirovich Gostomelsky, Managing Director of the Department for the Implementation of the Infrastructure Development Strategy and Engineering Companies of the Fund for Infrastructure and educational programs state corporation Rosnano

Alexander Nikolaevich Polyakov, Head of the Directorate for the Development and Control of Cooperation at the Defense Systems Company

Alex Chen, director economic department Moscow-Taipei Coordinating Commission for Economic and Cultural Cooperation

Boris Nikolaevich Avdonin, Advisor to the General Director of the Central Research Institute of Electronics

Alexander Sergeevich Kurlyandsky, General Director of the company "Elint SP"

Irina Anatolyevna Lyubina, CEO of Primexpo

The business program of the exhibitions was opened by a round table “Radio-electronic industry: a course towards import substitution. Problems and prospects for the development of ECB". The participants of the event discussed the formation of unified approaches to the implementation of the tasks of import substitution and unification of ECB and REA; port substitution of housings for microelectronics, semiconductor, power and microwave electronics; opportunities for university science in the field of microwave base; approaches to the organization of work on import substitution in the face of restrictions on the choice of domestic electronic components and many others.

In 2016, the exhibition area is more than 17,500 square meters. m. More than 400 companies from Belarus, Belgium, Hungary, Great Britain, Germany, Israel, Italy, China, Latvia, Norway, Russia, Singapore, USA, Taiwan, France, Czech Republic take part in the exhibitions , Switzerland, Sweden, Japan . Among the domestic participants of the exhibition "ExpoElectronics" are the combined expositions of enterprises of the Department of Radio-Electronic Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, SC "Rostec" and "Rosnano", KP of Moscow "Corporation for the Development of Zelenograd".

Holding international exhibitions ExpoElectronics and ElectronTechExpo contributes to the development of the electronic industry, improving the quality and competitiveness of products of domestic enterprises, creating conditions for a scientific and technological breakthrough in the Russian industry and, ultimately, strengthening the Russian economy.

The organizer is PRIMEXPO, a member of the ITE Group of Companies.

At the June conference SEMICON Russia 2013, dedicated to the microelectronics market and held in Zelenograd, the key players in this market, including representatives of government agencies, science, industry and innovative business, discussed the acute problems facing the industry and ways to solve them.

New state program

Pavel Kutsko, Deputy Director of the REP Department of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, presented a new program for the development of the radio electronic industry (REP) for 2013-2025, the purpose of which is to increase the competitiveness of the industry by creating infrastructure for the development of priority areas, integration into the international market and the realization of innovative potential.

He optimistically stated that after a long crisis, Russian microelectronics is reviving again, which is facilitated by key trends affecting the industry: the dynamic growth of REP, high growth rates of radio electronics in the structure of the country's economy, rising prices for manufacturing, which can become a source of jobs with the highest productivity. labor. At the same time, the microelectronics segment determines the effectiveness of other industries and the solution of social problems.

There are three stages in the state program for the development of REW. The first stage (2013-2015) provides for the creation of conditions for the development of the industry; in the second (2016-2020) — active assistance to the launch of new projects begins; at the third stage (2021-2025), a transition is being made to supporting production growth. The implementation of all three stages provides for coordination with national innovation centers development: Skolkovo, Rosnano, VEB.

The program includes such trends as a consistent reduction in state funding, an increase in private investment, the implementation of a cluster policy, a focus on small and medium-sized enterprises, and the creation of a competitive environment. The industry development strategy, which, according to Pavel Kutsko, is being approved by the government, takes into account the trends in world microelectronics and the conditions in Russia, its intellectual potential.

The total budget for financing the state program of REW for 2013-25. will amount to 517 billion rubles. (without the defense industry), 178 billion rubles are allocated from the federal budget. In the microelectronics segment, it is planned to reduce state funding from 19 billion rubles. in 2013 to 11 billion rubles. in 2025 At the same time, it is expected that the volume of microelectronics production will grow due to private investment from 30 billion rubles. next year to 45 billion rubles. in 2025

Nikolai Lisay, Business Development Director at Angstrem, believes that "the microelectronics industry is a very sensitive industry, closely related to the interests of the state - policy, strategy, relevant programs, which is generally important for the development of Russia." Therefore, the presented state program and the topic of the development strategy touched upon in the speech of the representative of the Ministry of Industry and Trade play such a significant role. According to him, "this is a very painful issue, because without a clear plan and strategy, it is not clear how and where to move."

Frost & Sullivan estimated the global semiconductor market was $320.4 billion last year. situation in some regions and as a result of weakening consumer demand for electronics. According to analysts' forecast, this year the situation will stabilize; it is expected that the volume of this market will increase to 322 billion dollars - by 6.4%.

“Today, the global electronics industry has almost reached the bottom of an ongoing three-year decline. Taking into account the cyclical nature of the industry in about five to eight years, we can say with a certain degree of confidence that the next two years will be the most favorable for the start of its revival in Russia,” said Ankit Shukla, Frost & Sullivan Technology Research Practice Director.

Market

Nikolai Lisay believes that the lack of publicly available statistics on the pace of development of the domestic microelectronics market is one of the problems that have a negative impact on its development. Since the time of the USSR, it remains, in his opinion, closed: it is quite difficult to get reliable information on it, learn about products, etc. Not all firms publish data on their activities, limiting themselves to general words, while in the Western market there are many open publications on this topic. “For me, every time to understand what the Russian market is, it is sheer torment. So, while in Moscow, I managed to find some official data on this topic only on the Internet in the CIA World Factbook (The World Factbook is an annual almanac-style book about the countries of the world published by the US Central Intelligence Agency), but in our country this turned out to be impossible ”, he explained.

Most forum participants are sure that the key problem hindering the development of domestic microelectronics is the narrow domestic market of the country, which has been occupied for decades by foreign electronic giants, which are not at all easy to oust.

“Without entering the foreign market, it will be difficult to solve the issues of attracting private capital. The Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Government of the Russian Federation are working in these areas,” said Pavel Kutsko.

Alan Astier, vice president of STMicroelectronics, believes that the market in Russia is too small, but there is potential for its development, which is difficult to realize, since Russia lacks a common strategy for implementing innovative solutions. This is a limiting factor for the development of microelectronics.

Nikolai Lisay agrees with his colleagues that the country's microelectronics should enter the world markets, since the domestic market is small. And here the main thing is to find a niche, to ensure the quality, rhythm of product deliveries, etc. “But we are very far from understanding how to enter world markets and how they are arranged,” he believes, “how to present a brand, guarantee quality, timely deliveries etc. is not an easy task. This is one of the areas for the resurgent microelectronics in Russia, which needs to be mastered.”

Alain Astier believes that the market in Russia is not only very small, but also heavily occupied by suppliers of foreign components that have been present here for decades.

Nikolai Shelepin, Deputy General Designer of Mikron and NIIME, is confident that a domestic manufacturer of electronic components (EC) will face fierce competition when trying to enter this small market. For example, when supplying transport electronic components to the subway, “we will face fierce competition, and not always fair competition.” He believes that the industry should first of all make domestic electronic components competitive by reducing their production costs (keeping in mind that silicon wafer prices are the same all over the world), and to improve specifications EC - to use the intellectual potential of specialists.

Forum participants noted that investments in Russia are too small. And Nikolai Shelepin spoke more harshly: “In what conditions do we want to develop our market? All companies want to cooperate with us, but… for our money. We do not see foreign investments in our electronics.”

In his opinion, only one precedent can be cited here: a long time ago, Philips built a plant for the production of kinescopes and televisions in Voronezh and then left there, since business in the country did not take place.

Priority segments

The Ministry of Industry and Trade believes that the implementation of the state program for the development of REP will have to focus on priority segments: energy-efficient systems, the automotive industry, medicine, security, and industrial electronics. Russian enterprises in these segments have a backlog of technology, production and intellectual potential, Mr. Kutsko believes. Production of key electronic components (EC) is planned.

According to Frost & Sullivan, in the next three years the products of the Russian microelectronics market will be most in demand in the aerospace and defense industries, as well as in telecom and transport.

Alain Astier noted that each region has its own characteristics, and although “Russia is a very rich country with a rich population, such problems have not been solved in it. as transport, security, medicine”, where microelectronic products are actively used.

Nikolai Shelepin agrees with him: in our country, from the point of view of electronics, these segments are the priority ones. In the presence of end-to-end state programs for the creation of equipment, they could become "a powerful driver for the development of Russian electronics, which we dream of." So, foreign microcircuits with cryptoprotection should not compete with domestic ones, including in connection with entry into the WTO. “But Russia still needs components for space, which are complex and do not give orders for large series to load enterprises,” he added and expressed confidence that “if you catch up, you will never catch up. It is necessary to develop those areas in which there are competencies and in which we can compete with the world in terms of development technology.”

At the same time, when mastering a new niche, unexpected problems arise, the solution of which requires professionalism and intelligence. So, when launching the UEC project (universal electronic card) it was believed that it should be designed for domestic payment system. But Sberbank insisted on the need for UEC to comply with international standards. At that time, domestic specialists did not have competence in this area, but thanks to their intellect, they managed to understand the problem and solve this problem in two years: already in 2012, international certificates of master cards and security were received. “In the list of certified international manufacturers, we (Mikron) are in eighth place,” Nikolai Shelepin noted with satisfaction.

Pavel Kutsko believes that the state should support these areas: domestic microelectronics should replace foreign ones in those industries where it is necessary and permitted by agreements with the WTO. Thus, the creation of bases of microelectronic components for space, passport and visa documents and special purposes should be solved at the expense of state funding. According to him, in determining the status of domestic microelectronics over the past year, big job, in particular in determining preferences for the supply of products.

State support

Pavel Kutsko said that thanks to state support, which will decrease, it was possible to solve important tasks that allow the industry to move forward: they preserved the structure of enterprises, created the basis for the development of microelectronics production, formed the structure of design centers capable of working with modern equipment. “In recent years, we have seen a leap forward in microelectronics. First of all, the successes are connected with the enterprises of Zelenograd. R&D is being funded at levels never seen before,” he said.

Nikolai Shelepin confirmed that in the past three years, concrete steps have been taken in terms of state financing of the industry. In his opinion, in the presented state program for the development of REP, a good sign is the curtailment by the government of the program of direct support for enterprises in the industry: only enterprises with real investment projects that allow entering the market with real products will be financed.

When implementing state projects, their support from the state is absolutely necessary. “For example, when we developed a new generation of domestic chips for passport and visa documents,” he explained, “there was no money (15 million rubles) for their interdepartmental tests at the Ministry of Communications. It took a lot of effort to carry them out, and at the expense of the developers - "Mikron" and "Angstrem".

Nikolai Lisay expressed doubt that the industry needs state support at all, citing data from the McKinsey consulting company on the study of state support in China, Israel, Taiwan and the United States, which is allegedly practically absent there. As for supporting innovation in our country through tax cuts, in Western countries the tax burden is much higher, he recalled.

Alain Astier has a different vision: everything major countries- developed or developing - seek to support the semiconductor industry, considering it as a key driver of innovation and social progress. Thus, the governments of France, Germany, and others support initiatives in the field of microelectronics if they are aimed at solving problems in the country. This trend will continue in the short and medium term. According to him, currently 90% of innovative solutions are based on microelectronics.

According to a Frost & Sullivan survey based on a survey (conducted in April-May of this year among about a hundred experts and top managers of Russian and foreign companies), 92% of respondents believe that the measures taken by the government today to support the competitiveness of Russian microelectronics are insufficient.

Heinz Kundert, President of SEMI Europe, is also sure that state support for such an industry as microelectronics plays an important role in all countries, such as China, the USA, and Japan.

He said that in May the EU Commission launched an initiative to invest about 100 billion euros over the next seven years in European micro- and nanoelectronics in order to increase the share of European countries in the world market of this industry from 10 to 20% by 2020. . To achieve this goal, new technologies should be created. Eight large firms supported this initiative. Approximately €10 billion from private, regional, national and EU sources will be channeled into R&D, including €5 billion through public-private partnerships.

For comparison: the volume of the domestic microelectronics market is at a level of less than 1%.

According to Mr. Kundert, Russian government just like the European Union, it can provide state support to its own industry in order to significantly increase the country's share in the global microelectronics market.

Clusters

Nikolai Shelepin believes that the developments of Russian companies are competitive, but very few reach production and the market. In addition, important elements of the electronics production chain (for example, CAD, equipment and raw materials, electronics assembly, etc.) are missing or not developed in Russia. All these urgent problems of the domestic industry can be effectively solved with the help of the cluster policy laid down in new program REP development.

He is sure that today no company is able to solve in isolation the entire layer of problems of modern microelectronics. For development and successful competition, it is necessary to consolidate the resources of many organizations uniting in a cluster in order to build a complete chain from development to production, identify and eliminate gaps in the production chain.

According to him, such a cluster, which includes 150 companies, de facto is Zelenograd with an “anchor” center of two firms, Mikron and Angstrem. The school of software developers, circuit engineers, designers created at Mikron during this time, as well as own production, will allow, as stated, to quickly respond to new requirements of state bodies.

The creation of innovative clusters is provided for by the state program for the development of REW. According to Pavel Kutsko, the issue of creating 20 such clusters is being worked out. However, when creating clusters, Nikolai Shelepin believes, it is necessary to provide a number of market regulation measures and state support following the example of global technology parks: infrastructure development (telecom, housing, education, etc.), cheap credit money, economic and administrative freedoms, a policy of integrating cluster enterprises with anchor company.

The forum presented the results of individual achievements, which prove that with an adequate investment policy by the state, Russian microelectronics has begun to emerge from a protracted crisis. At the same time, one gets the impression that the increase in production of EC, the pace of recovery from the crisis and the timing of the resuscitation of the domestic industry can hardly be called at all acceptable for a country like Russia, in comparison with similar indicators of foreign competitors who do not intend to invest at all. in our industry, let alone give up their positions both in their own and in the Russian market of microelectronics.

Last week, the State Duma held its first meeting Expert Council for the Development of the Electronic and Radio-Electronic Industry under the Committee for Economic Policy, Industry, Innovative Development and Entrepreneurship. A hot topic was discussed - the legislative consolidation of the functions of the state customer for the development, production, application, standardization and quality assurance of the electronic component base (ECB) for weapons, military and special equipment (VVST) for the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Pavel Kutsko, Deputy Director of the Department of Radio-Electronic Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, made a presentation. And although most of his report was held behind closed doors, some of it can still be revealed.

The idea of ​​assigning the functions of a state customer to a civilian department is by no means new. Moreover, the issue was already resolved by the Russian government in 2009. Then they drew up a plan for the transfer of this function from the Ministry of Defense to the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the government instructed the departments to begin the transfer. In the future, another order of the government ordered the two departments to ensure interaction. It would seem that the goal has been achieved and the process should be completed. But Russian officials themselves, probably without suspecting it, are secret followers of the leader of the Second International, Eduard Bernstein. Or secret Trotskyists. “Of course, in our country and, as a matter of fact, in any country, there are always, always have been and always will be forces for which it is not the prospect of development that is important, but the constant Brownian movement. Remember the famous Trotskyist slogan: “Movement is everything, final goal- nothing," Vladimir Putin said at a meeting of the federal coordinating headquarters of the All-Russian Popular Front on December 27, 2011. In fact, Comrade Trotsky (on the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution, it would be a sin not to remember him) in his work “Before the historical frontier. Political silhouettes" called this slogan "nonsense and vulgarity", but very revealing: "the reformist daily struggle has taken on a self-sufficient character." The modern Russian bureaucracy clearly demonstrates this by the example of the transfer of functions from one department to another.

The stumbling block was the provisions of the Ministry of Industry and Trade on the list of electronic components permitted for use in the development, modernization and operation in the military and military equipment, and on the procedure for using foreign-made electronic components. They were approved by the military-industrial complex board as the only intersectoral documents. However, no one canceled the order of the Minister of Defense, which provided for a permitting procedure for the use of foreign-made ECB in the AMSE. Seven years later, it turns out that the Ministry of Defense still duplicates the functions of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The Main Directorate of Armaments of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, along with the list of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, has its own list of authorized EKB nomenclature. As a representative of the civil department put it, "this leads to a split personality among consumer enterprises that do not understand which document to use when forming the nomenclature for completing samples of military and military equipment." The main flaw in the military list is that it includes products of enterprises that no longer exist, or products that have not been produced for three years. Or, on the contrary, for six years they have been produced by enterprises at their own expense, because they are ordered by the military department. In addition, the military is not too lazy to take on the hard work of coordinating the ECB nomenclature, which is not to the liking of the civilian department.

The question logically arises: what kind of motive does the military have? After all, the people who work in the Main Directorate of Armaments are probably well aware of the state of the industry. The answer, it would seem, lies on the surface: the list of permitted products should contain only what is required for the defense of the country, and not for paper reports.

Another attempt to remove the military from the formation of the list of permitted nomenclature of the EKB is by no means connected with strengthening the country's defense, but with the desire of officials to fulfill the strategic task set by the president at all costs - to use the potential of the military-industrial complex in the production of high-tech civilian products that are in demand in the domestic and foreign markets.

Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov last year promised the President to maintain a steady increase in civilian segment output at a level of at least 5% per year, which should allow reaching a 50:50 ratio by 2020.

However, in order for the share of civilian products to be about 50%, its volume must be increased six times. This is difficult to do, but it is even more difficult to find consumers of such volumes in the face of tight budget constraints. There are no customers, no demand, no service network and support for high-tech products. In addition, it is difficult for defense industry enterprises to get into the framework of competitive procedures when selling civilian products.

Meanwhile, the diversification of defense production is not an end in itself, but a means of saving the radio-electronic industry from collapse after 2020. According to the Deputy Chairman of the Expert Council, Doctor of Technical Sciences Arseny Brykin, the radio-electronic industry permeates all parts of the state defense order. According to another participant in the meeting, Vladimir Melnikov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, this is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the Russian economy today. But the scientist notes that this growth rate is primarily due to the high share of state defense orders - from 70 to 100%. When the weapons program is completed, significant technological, scientific and production capacities will remain idle.

The government, obviously, is still considering how not to weaken the defense capability and preserve the radio-electronic industry. True, in case of failure, the culprit has already been identified, this is the Ministry of Defense, which for many years has resisted the innovations of the Ministry of Industry and Trade.