Details Updated: 11/01/2019 12:16 Published: 05/03/2017 17:39
A watchmaker is a specialist who makes and repairs various kinds hours.
History of the profession
Chinese astronomers Yi Xing and Liang Lingzan are considered to be the first watchmakers. Having done tremendous work, they were able to create a mechanical device that showed the exact time. From the beginning of the 8th century, the device remained an expensive toy, which only the nobility could possess. The first clock with a pendulum was created in 1000 in Germany by Abbot Herbert. Practical use massive tower clocks were found at the end of the 13th century.
At first, the masters were in the public service. Their work was financed by the treasury. At the end of the 17th century, the mechanic Christian Huygens was able to make pocket watches, which were in great demand.
Features of the profession
Profession watchmaker provides for activities in following directions: manufacture and repair of wall, wrist, pocket or tower clocks. Experienced specialists are engaged in the manufacture of watches of elite brands.
The master works with details of a rather small size. As a rule, he resorts to the help of magnifying glasses in order to better view all the elements. The work requires maximum concentration of attention and perseverance, because careless movement is fraught with defects that cannot be eliminated.
The profession has the following features:
- fascination;
- high demand among potential due to lack of qualified personnel;
- decent wages;
- chance of training at the expense of the employer.
However, there are certain costs associated with the profession. Productive activity in this area is practically impossible without the presence of interest in one's business. The work is physically stressful. Often masters complain of back pain due to prolonged sitting. There is a risk of reduced visual acuity. It is not uncommon to encounter prejudice from customers when it is not possible to repair a watch mechanism.
Responsibilities
Watchmaker is a specialist in the repair, restoration and after-sales service hours. Repair work includes diagnosing the mechanism and identifying the cause of the malfunction. At the next stage, the wizard makes a list necessary work: replacement of parts, restoration of watches, elimination of small cosmetic defects. This is followed by re-diagnosis.
The responsibilities of a watchmaker also include advising customers on the proper use and storage of watches. Specialists who are employees of authorized centers are engaged in the study and testing of watch models that have not yet gone on sale.
Important qualities
Necessary qualities for work as a watchmaker:
- accuracy;
- a responsibility;
- punctuality;
- politeness;
- fine motor skills are developed;
- excellent vision;
- emotional stability;
- sociability;
- scrupulousness.
Skills and knowledge
Watchmaker is a specialist who is obliged to know the design features and functioning of certain types of watch movements. Productive activity involves mastery at the proper level of methods for diagnosing and troubleshooting. In his work, a watchmaker cannot do without knowledge of the properties of materials, as well as the ability to use tools for the manufacture and repair of various types of watches.
Suitable educational specialties: Radio engineer.Key items: The device of watch mechanisms; Electronic and quartz watches; Be proficient in troubleshooting and troubleshooting techniques.
Tuition fee (average in Russia): 5000 rubles
Job description:
*the cost of training is indicated for 1 month on the courses.
Features of the profession
A watchmaker can be called any specialist related to watches: both a designer and a trader. But only someone who creates or repairs mechanisms with his own hands can be called a watchmaker in the full sense of the word. Another name for this profession is watchmaker.
The watchmaker works with the smallest details. To see better, he uses strong magnifying glasses. All his work requires concentration and attention: the slightest wrong movement can ruin the clockwork. This is probably why watchmakers are compared to jewelers. However, the masters themselves consider such a comparison to be incorrect, because a watchmaker is a master dealing with complex technical device.
A watchmaker may specialize in the manufacture of watches (designing and creating movements, cases, etc.) or their repair.
In turn, the production of watches can be divided into elite and mass.
Luxury watches are expensive, but not only because they are made from expensive materials in small batches and with unique designs. Creating luxury watches can also mean creating unusual movements, as well as handcrafting the details. For example, a part can be turned on a tiny lathe. As a rule, luxury watches are mechanical watches.
Mass production is a pipeline and a huge number of identical copies. AT mass production also trying on manual labor(especially in assembly). But many operations are performed by stamping.
But watch repair is always handmade over each instance. When a broken watch is brought to a watchmaker, he disassembles it, diagnoses the breakdown, determines which parts should be replaced, and sometimes he makes them himself or adjusts the available spare parts to the desired parameters. Sometimes it is enough to clean the mechanism to make the watch work like new. When the problem is fixed, the wizard reassembles them.
Watchmakers can specialize in different types of clocks: wall clocks, wristwatches, pocket clocks, tower clocks, etc. And some watchmakers-repairers are real universal masters. In the repair shop, the craftsman has to deal with both mechanical and quartz clocks, wall clocks and tiny pendant clocks. The only thing that most craftsmen do not encounter is a tower clock. Because clock towers are a rarity. If we talk about the exclusive, then the tower clock is always a guaranteed exclusive.
Some repair shops specialize in repairing watches from specific brands. These are the so-called authorized service centres. Such a workshop, for example, can only specialize in repairing Swiss watches.
It is noteworthy that not all watchmakers are deeply versed in the design of watches. In a small workshop somewhere at the supermarket, a master can work, carrying out simple repairs: changing batteries, straps, etc. Sometimes such a master sharpens knives and makes keys at the same time.
In Russia, the watch industry is in decline. High-quality inexpensive watches from abroad pressed the products of domestic watch factories, some of which closed.
But as for the watchmakers-repairers, they are needed even now. Even though many people use clocks instead of cellular telephone, you are hardly a person who does not have a single wall clock in the house or at least an alarm clock. And a wrist or pocket watch is an accessory that is not only convenient, but also beautiful.
The disadvantages of the profession are mainly related to sedentary work and eye strain. Therefore, a master watchmaker must necessarily monitor the health of the spine and eyes, and do gymnastics.
The delicate work of a watchmaker is incompatible with drinking - and this is an undoubted plus of the profession.
Workplace
Watchmakers can work in watch factories, in watch repair shops.
Important qualities
The profession of a watchmaker requires perseverance, good manual motor skills, and sharp eyesight. The ability to communicate with people, endurance and goodwill are also important for a watchmaker-repairman.
Neurological diseases or diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which impede the accuracy of movements, are incompatible with the profession of a watchmaker.
Knowledge and skills
A watchmaker must have a good understanding of the structure of watch movements, electronic and quartz watches, and know the properties of materials. Be proficient in troubleshooting and troubleshooting techniques. Be able to use tools for making and repairing watches.
Where do they teach
In Russia, there are practically no educational institutions that train watchmakers.
Among the few - "Petrodvorets Watchmaker's School - Rocket". It operates at the Petrodvorets watch factory "Rocket".
Sometimes watch factories hire with training or conduct courses with subsequent employment.
Knowledgeable people advise starting a career as a watchmaker-repairman with the work of an apprentice with a good master.
It is possible to improve in the profession in additional courses. Sometimes they are held by foreign watch companies (including Swiss ones) - at their own production facilities or directly in Russia.
The famous watchmaker from St. Petersburg Konstantin Chaikin, the author of the mechanism of a unique astronomical clock, in his first profession - a radio engineer. He believes that it was professional training that helped him understand watch movements and fall in love with them. Konstantin is the only member of the Academy of Independent Watchmakers (AHCI) from Russia.
Alyonkina Olga Arnoldovna, Volzhsky, Volgograd region
WATCHMAKER
(WATCH REPAIRER)
Tick-tock, tick-tock
Watchmaker at work.
So that the clock does not fall behind,
To not run ahead
He's ready to fix all day
Lots of watches.
He can make new
He will always help
He is used to treating hours -
Good doctor watchmaker.
… The movement of the clock is only monotonous
Resounds near me...
A.S. Pushkin
Dictionary:
Watchmaker - profession, formerly handicraft specialization. Master in the manufacture and repair of wall, wrist and other clocks. Also, “watchmakers” are people who are professionally involved in watches, working in the watch business (watch manufacturers, watch shop owners, watch designers, etc.)
Watch- a tool for measuring the duration of time intervals, in units smaller than one day.
« Time - one of the unsolvable mysteries of Eternity. A person in vain seeks to drive it into the framework, somehow measure it. No, we cannot accelerate or reverse it. We just have to keep an eye on him. This is what watches are made for. And as long as they are needed by mankind, the profession of a watchmaker or watchmaker will not die for centuries. .
The main application of the watch
This is the orientation during the day. With the help of a watch, it is possible to plan one's activities, measure the duration of various events, the intervals between them, determine the duration of the position in the temporal process from any reference point to the moment of measurement, that is, keep a record of the number of past reference events.
Characteristics of the profession
A watchmaker is a person who repairs or makes watches. In the old days, watchmakers had to be both artists and jewelers at the same time, since watches were often decorated with precious stones and made from precious metals. Today, a watch is not only an ornament, but a necessary and familiar object for us: after all, we determine the time by it. If there were no clocks, we would not know when we should go to school, to work, when an interesting movie starts on TV. And how could you gather friends on your birthday if no one knew what time it was at the moment?!
Only all watches break and deteriorate at some point, electronic watches need to change the battery from time to time. When this happens, people turn to the watchmaker for help. Only he will be able to properly and efficiently repair any watch. A watchmaker must have great patience as well as good eyesight, for some watches are so small that the parts and movement are no more than a few millimeters in size. To repair, and just to see such small details, the watchmaker uses a special device. It looks like ordinary glasses, but instead of two glasses, this device has only one, but this glass is magnifying. Looking into it, the watchmaker will see even the smallest details. close-up.
Training as a watchmaker takes two to five years. The program necessarily includes technical disciplines - mathematics, physics, metal science, drawing, as well as courses on the history of the development of watchmaking.
Students should know the principles of operation of all existing watch mechanisms, including electronic and rare complications of mechanics.
An indispensable condition for obtaining a certificate of professional excellence is good vision - even when entering an educational institution, applicants pass a mandatory medical checkup.
Except theoretical disciplines students are doing practice. Often, there are workshops at educational institutions in which senior students and graduates work. Watch repairs in such "experimental" workshops are usually cheaper, and the quality is no worse.
The most important thing is that in order to become a watchmaker, you need to be well versed in the clockwork, have "golden hands" and, of course, love your job: after all, the clock counts time like a living thing with us!
Historical facts
If you follow the shadows of the trees during the day, you can notice that the shadows move, as if running away from the sun. People noticed this a long time ago, so the shadow was the very first indicator of the time of day. A stick stuck in the ground, and lines dividing the drawn circle into sectors, became the first sundial. When the sun was just rising, the Egyptians believed that it was six o'clock in the morning. When objects cast the shortest shadow, it was believed that it was noon. Sunset announced that it was six o'clock in the evening. There were similar sundials in many countries of the world.
However, the sun does not shine at night. How to define time? It turns out that this can be done at night, if you look at the starry sky. All stars move slowly, but one in the Northern Hemisphere remains stationary. This fixed star is called Polaris, it shows the direction to the north. Not far from it there are seven bright stars, located, as it were, along the edges of a ladle with a long handle. This is the constellation Ursa Major. During the day, she goes around the North Star, describes a full circle, during the night - half a circle. During the day we do not see these stars, but at night the Big Dipper is star clock .
Then they invented water clock , which could count the time at night. They were called so - "night hours". They were a vessel from which water flowed through a small hole. All the water flowed out in one hour. The vessel was then filled with water again.
In the II century BC. the mechanic Ktesibius, who lived in Egypt, created a water clock with a dial: evenly flowing water rotated a wheel with blades, and it moved an arrow along the dial with the help of a gear.
The next hours were sandy . They were made in the form of two vessels connected to each other by a narrow neck. The measure of time was the period of pouring sand from one vessel to another. Such watches are still used today in clinics, hospitals, where people take any procedures.
Worked on a similar principle "fire watch" they first appeared in China. In the old days, the huts were lit with a burning wooden torch. Time was determined by the number of burnt splinters. Sometimes candles were used for the same purpose.
Mention of mechanical watch are already found in ancient Byzantine manuscripts, but it is reliably known that such clocks appeared in 996 in the German city of Megdeburg. It was a tower clock with weights.
In Russia, the first tower clock was installed in 1404 in the Moscow Kremlin. All tower clocks had approximately the same design and were driven by a weight. A rope with a weight tied to the end was wound on a horizontal shaft. The weight pulled the rope, rotating the shaft. Through a system of gears, the rotation of the shaft was transmitted to the clock hands. The dials did not have marks for minutes, so only one hand was enough - the hour. Subsequently, the dials were divided into minutes, and then a second one was needed - the minute hand.
The inventor of the first mechanical clock is the Dutch scientist Christian Huygens, who in 1657 used the pendulum as a clock regulator. Subsequently, the rope and weight were replaced by a spring, the pendulum - by a balance (a small wheel that rotates in one direction or the other). This made it possible to drastically reduce the size of all parts in the clockwork. Appeared pocket watch , and then wrist .
In 1764 - 1767. Russian inventor Ivan Petrovich Kulibin made a unique pocket watch, which is now kept in Hermitage. The clock chimed every hour, played several melodies accompanying theatrical performance small figurines. It was a gift to Empress Catherine II.
With the development of navigation, especially accurate watches were required, which showed not only hours and minutes, but also seconds. They were used in determining the coordinates of a ship on the high seas. Then the most accurate chronometers appeared (from the Greek “chronos” - “time” and “metron” - “I measure”) to determine geographic longitude.
Mechanical watches were replaced by electronic ones, where the quartz crystal maintains the constancy of oscillations. electric current. In pursuit of accuracy, atomic (quantum) clocks began to be used. They are no more than 1 second behind in 500,000 years!
city clock
(A little information about the watch, the most-most ...)
The most ancient , the clock without a dial that has survived to this day dates back to 1386 and still continues to work. They are on the English Cathedral in Salisbury. In 1956 they were restored. By that time, they had been regularly serving the townspeople for 498 years.
Most Accurate The world's most mechanical clock was made for the Copenhagen City Hall in December 1955 and is called "Olsen". It took more than 14 thousand parts and 10 years to produce them. They operate in 570 thousand different modes. This mechanism is the slowest in the world. The error of its course is half a second in 300 years.
The oldest pendulum clock known on the territory of the former USSR are located on the building of the Farny Church in Grodno (at first they were located on the tower of the City Hall, then the Jesuit Collegium, and later on the belfry of the Church of Francis Xavier). Presumably, they were made at the beginning of the 17th century and are older than those that adorn London's Big Ben. Their mechanism uses the escapement of the London watchmaker Clement and a non-second pendulum. The movement of the clock is carried out under the action of gravity of the load - a stone weighing 60 kg. By rotating the clockwork shaft, the stone falls from a height of 15 meters within 36 hours. The clock is located at the height of a 10-story building; in order to start it, you need to overcome 132 steps.
The biggest in the world, a street clock was recently installed in Tehran. The diameter of their dial is 15 meters, and the length of the minute hand is seven and a half meters. The total weight is 750 kilograms. The clock mechanism created by local specialists is unique and designed for any weather conditions. It took two years to create it. The error of the watch-record holders does not exceed one hundredth of a second per year.
most expensive pocket watch (not adorned with precious stones) were made in 1922 by Patek Philippe for the American automobile magnate James Packard. On the enamel dial of his gold watch, craftsmen engraved a perfect astronomical map showing the position of celestial bodies over Warren, Packard's hometown in Ohio. Moreover, exactly in such a position in which he could observe them from the window of his bedroom. In 1988, this company bought a unique watch for 750,000 pounds.
Clock on the Spasskaya Tower
In 1625, a clock was installed on the Spasskaya Tower under the guidance of the English master Christopher Golovey by Russian blacksmith-watchmakers Zhdan, his son Shumilo Zhdanov and grandson Alexei Shumilov. 13 bells were cast for them by Kirill Samoilov, a foundry worker. With the help of special mechanisms, they "played music", and also measured the time of day and night, indicated by letters and numbers. There were no arrows on the dial. He rotated, bringing the number to a special mark. In 1706-1709. By order of Peter I, these watches were replaced by Dutch ones, which served with some interruption until the middle of the 19th century.
Modern chimes were made by the brothers Nikolai and Ivan Butenop in 1851-52. and installed on 8-10 tiers of the Spasskaya Tower. In October 1917, a shell hit the watch, and it stopped; in August 1918, at the direction of V.I. Lenin, they were restored by the watchmaker Nikolai Berens. The clock began to perform at 12 o'clock "Internationale", at 24 o'clock - "You fell a victim ...". However, already in 1938, the chimes fell silent, becoming only the strike of hours and quarters.
In 1996, during the inauguration of Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin, the chimes began to play again after 58 years of silence. At 12 and 6 o'clock, the chimes began to perform the "Patriotic Song", and at 3 and 9 - the melody of the choir "Glory" from the opera "Life for the Tsar" (Ivan Susanin) also by M.I. Glinka. The last major restoration took place in 1999. The hands and numbers are again gilded. Restored the historical appearance of the upper tiers. By the end of the year, the last tuning of the chimes was also carried out. Instead of "Patriotic Song", the chimes began to play the national anthem Russian Federation officially approved in 2000.
The dials of chimes with diameters of 6.12 m go out on four sides of the tower. Their rims, numbers and hands were gilded in 1937. The height of the Roman numerals is 0.72 m, the length of the hour hand is 2.97 m, the minute hand is 3.27 m. The clock is struck by a mechanism with a bell system. Initially, watches were wound manually, since 1937 - with the help of electric motors.
I - one
II - two
III - three
IV - four
V - five
VI - six
VII - seven
VIII - eight
IX - nine
X - ten
XI - eleven
XII - twelve
Roman numerals
Clock face
Hour, minute, second hands
When did the second hand appear on the clock?
For many centuries, people have evaluated time and distance in a different way than now.
The speed of movement was very small: the traveler traveled from London to Rome for about seven weeks. And time flowed slowly: there was no need to know the exact time: there was no need to know the exact time, and a minute was not perceived at all as a segment of an hour - what can we say about a second!
The day was divided into morning, afternoon, evening and night. For most people, the main indicator of time was the ringing of church bells, calling the faithful to prayer.
The second hand appeared on the clock only when people needed to measure time "to the nearest second." That is much closer to our days. We can say that the second hand is the "youngest". The first appeared - the hour hand, the second - the minute hand, the third - the second hand.
Who "keeps" the exact time?
Measuring time proved to be a very difficult task. It has become inconvenient to measure time only in years - it has become inconvenient for large intervals, and the length of the day varies throughout the year. For example, the ancient Greeks and Romans at first divided the daylight hours into twelve parts - hours, and it turned out that in winter and summer these hours had different durations.
Is it possible to choose processes in which time is divided into equal parts? They tried to measure it with the help of dripping water, pouring sand, shadows. But neither the water clock, nor the hourglass, nor the sundial gave the necessary accuracy, especially when it came to measuring short periods of time.
And so it continued until a man in the 17th century created an artificial, mechanical standard of time - pendulum. A weight suspended on a thread or a wheel fastened with a spring can be adjusted in such a way that their oscillations will occur within a strictly specified, including a short, period of time.
The invention of the pendulum mechanism dramatically advanced the production of precision clocks. They began to be installed on city towers, setting the rhythm of life for a large number of people at once, and the workers of the English textile factories they bought inexpensive watches together to keep track of the length of their working day.
And in modern electronic watches, we will find repetitions of the device of mechanical watches, only they are made of other materials. The spring winding was replaced by a battery, the rhythm was set not by a metal pendulum, but by a quartz crystal oscillating under the influence of current, the moving arrows were replaced by numbers displayed on the scoreboard. All other parts of the watch serve to transmit electrical impulses in the same way that gears transmitted movement.
It is interesting…
The flower clock in St. Petersburg is a gift from the city of Geneva for the 300th anniversary of the founding of the city. This happened in May 2003.
One second is 9,192,631,770 oscillations of the radiation of a cesium-133 atom.
There are: millennium, century, five years, year, quarter, month, decade, week, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond and so on.
No one knows exactly why the year is divided into 12 months (such a division does not correspond to either the lunar or solar calendar). It is believed that the division of the hour into 60 minutes is associated with the Babylonian number system, which was based not on 10, but on 60.
Although there are 60 seconds in one minute, and 1000 milliseconds in one second.
24 hours of sidereal time equals 23 hours 56 minutes 4.091 seconds of mean solar time.
The creation of a marine clock to accurately determine longitude was such an acute problem that in 1714 an award was established for its solution by the English government. It ranged from 10 to 20 thousand pounds sterling - depending on the accuracy achieved.
Until the beginning of the 19th century, the production of watches in Switzerland was done by hand, and sometimes more than forty people were involved in the manufacture of one copy.
Mechanical watches with a balancer have the ability to maintain uniformity in any position. Therefore, they were used both for marine navigation and for determining the exact time by astronauts in conditions of weightlessness and overloads.
The most accurate atomic clock in the world was recently launched in the US city of Boulder. Over the next three million years, they should not go ahead or lag even a second! However, employees of the Institute of Quantum Optics from Munich are ready to break this record - the error of their clock is one second in a billion years!
French, Swiss and Chinese firms have designed wrist electronic watches powered by a solar battery, the sensitivity of which allows the hands to move from the light of a candle standing 30 centimeters away. And if the watch stays in the bright sun for five minutes, then it will be able to work 100 hours.
Kulibin's watch
The “Egg-shaped” watch was created by Ivan Petrovich Kulibin, a wonderful Russian self-taught inventor. Kulibin owns more than thirty inventions. But now we can see all Kulibin's inventions only in drawings and descriptions, except for watches - the only thing that has come down to us from Kulibin's hands.
Ivan Kulibin spent two years creating unique watches... They consisted of 427 parts and three factories: watch, chime and combat.
Rice. Kulibin's watch
Every hour a door opens in the building and a "tiny theater" made of silver and gold - miniature figures, distinguishable only through a magnifying glass, play scenes on gospel stories, and give a performance. The clock strikes every quarter and every half hour with a bell ringing, and at noon a melody is heard, which, according to legend, was composed by Kulibin himself.
Tale of the Tiktak clock
This story is about Vova's friend, the old magician Yurkin. You remember, my friend, that Vova lived on the edge of a city called Tiktak, next to the Forest. And Yurkin did not live on the edge of the city, but in its very center. Since time immemorial, there has been a house called the Tiktak Clock. Right against the wall of this house, Yurkin built a tall, tall clock tower. And these hours were not simple, but magical. They kept time. It was said in the city that many years ago, forest blacksmiths brought this clock from the thicket on a cart. And Yurkin then raised them to the tower. The old wizard was short, wore round spectacles, and, as expected, had a long, long gray beard. All the watches that Yurkin invented were able to keep minutes. He made a small clock, and they kept quite a few minutes. He also made bigger hours, in which there were more minutes. In addition to the fact that the clock kept minutes and showed the time, there was some other special magic in them. But Yurkin did not tell anyone about this, except for those people for whom this watch was intended. For example, once Vova was running out of time. He comes to Yurkin and says:
- Lend me, grandfather Yurkin, a watch that keeps half an hour. I really miss these half an hour to come up with a poem for one girl. And Yurkin gave Vova a watch with a magic parrot Gosha. In the morning, the parrot got out of the clock outside and cried:
- Wake up! Climb! On charge! Vova opened his eyes, looked at his watch and said, “Don't shout! It's still early to get up! - And it's not too early! Gosh said. “If you don’t get up now, I won’t give you a minute!”
“Ah, that’s what you are, it turns out,” Vova said and woke up completely. - Get on the charger! Gosh ordered. And Vova began to squat, bend over and wave his arms. This is how he did the exercise. And when Vova finished, a scarlet luminous ball suddenly appeared in Gosha's beak.
What is that glowing in your mouth? Vova asked. Gosha opened his beak, the ball fell down, hit the floor, then jumped up and unexpectedly fell into Vova's palm.
“This is your minute,” Gosha said. - Take care of her! And then Gosha ordered: - It's time to have breakfast! And then: - Work! And so he commanded all day. The next day, Gosha did not stop commanding. And on the third day, Vova had a lot of luminous minutes, which all together became like Big apple, which lay on Vova's table and glowed brightly. Then Vova sat down at the table and wrote a poem for the girl. When Vova finished writing, the apple disappeared somewhere, as if it had never existed.
"Now you have to take me back!" - said the parrot Gosha. “You don't need me anymore. I'm out of minutes. And Gosha climbed back into the clock.
“Sorry,” Vova sighed. - I'm already so used to you! But there is nothing to be done. As Vova was not used to the parrot, he still had to carry it back. The old watchmaker put the clock with Gosha in his big chest for recharging. This is so that the parrot has minutes again. There were many other clocks in that chest - the magician's handicrafts. And, of course, they are all magical.
For you, I will reveal a secret. In the big Tiktak Clock, in the tower of the house where the old wizard lived, not a minute was kept. And not even an hour. And not even a day. Stored in the Tiktak Clock whole year.
Y. Orlov
Happy hours
E. Permyak
Once a great magician named Trud rewarded three brothers with happy hours for Good work and said:
– Anyone who has been given this watch can manage his life, his time on his own. If you want - work, if you want - walk. If you want, play the flute. These watches allow everything until the factory in them runs out.
Then the elder brother asks:
- And how to wind them up, the great magician Trud?
The brothers attached the watch and began to think about how to continue to live in a new life, in which everything is possible and everything is permitted.
- Why not go for a walk, - the elder brother asked himself, - so that the dust is a pillar, so that the sky is hot?
And so he did, went for a walk, danced, feasted, played the harmonica ...
The second one was quieter. He loved to sleep. He will eat, drink - and on his side, and before that he tells the happy hours to show dreams.
And the third brother kept his secret thoughts in his head. He really wanted to be first in everything. To study all sciences, to speak all languages, to overcome any art.
Time passes, the happy clock is ticking, it does not stop, and each of the brothers manages his life, his time in his own way.
You never know, how many years have passed - no one measured. The day came, the minute came when the elder brother's clock stopped. The feast ended with a mountain, the dance broke off, the accordion died down. And the second brother, not seeing the sweet dream, woke up. And he also realized that he had nothing to start his happy hours with. Lost all conscience.
Meanwhile, the third brother became the most learned of all the scientists. Not only did he learn all human languages, but he could also easily talk with birds. And as for all the arts, at least on the harp, at least in the opera - everything can. Sings and draws. Poems composes like seeds clicks. Ah... And his watch also stopped.
– How is that? Why, why, on what occasion, the great magician Trud? I did not sleep, did not walk, like those two. Day and night he worked hard!
- And according to conscience? Trud asked him. - For whom did you study the sciences, comprehended the arts? Whom did you benefit from it? Whose heart did you warm? Whose eyes pleased them? He only amused himself.
The third brother lowered his head. Silent. And what can he say, if he has no conscience, too, to start happy hours with it.
The brothers got together and thought. And it was over.
No wonder the wise man said:
“A man is known in work, and in rest he reveals himself”
Merry Poems
Lives in a carved hut
Cheerful cuckoo.
She cuckles every hour
And wakes us up early in the morning:
“Ku-ku! Ku-ku! It's already seven in the morning!
Ku-ku! Ku-ku! It's time to get up!"
The cuckoo does not live in the forests,
And in our old clock!
They say: the clock is standing,
Saying the clock is running fast
They say the clock is ticking
But they are a little behind.
Mishka and I watched together
And the clock is in place.
V. Orlov
What time is it now?
The sun shone in the sky,
And the shadow of the old column
circling in
sundial
And she became the first arrow.
Water flowed. And the years went by.
Another clock was invented.
They called them - sand.
They just need to be turned over.
The grains of sand are on their way.
They run in a cheerful stream
On the way, minutes are counted.
Where do the clocks live?
Both on land and on water
Manual - clear:
Pocket -
in the pocket.
School clock.
On the rink.
And there is in the airplane.
Years went by again
Step by step.
A lot has passed yet.
And the day has come:
- Tick tock!
- Tick tock!
It sounded a little.
Clock for chess -
Think guys:
Why do the clocks alone
Two dials at once?
The dial flashed with a plate,
And on his plate...
- Here! Look old and young!
Arrows running in a circle!
Marvel, people, at miracles!
Run your own routes!
Less score leads -
Big -
minutes count.
But who turns them?
Here is the question...
And here is the answer: a spring!
And with her gears
Merry squad.
Although the spring is strong
Sits in hours, in a dungeon.
And that's it, she's stubborn, she
Strives to unfold.
Her pressure is transmitted
Wheels to each other -
And the arrows know yourself running,
Run, run in circles!
Needed by an athlete, for example,
Your watch is a stopwatch.
And divers from the depths
Where did they go
Signaling: "We need a watch,
So that the arrows glow!
Adults and children know
Known everywhere on the planet -
In the cities, in the taiga village,
At both poles
They know for sure:
Impossible,
Impossible,
No clock!!!
old watchmaker
All mountains, rivers and forests
Woke up from sleep.
The snow melted and finally
spring has come again.
Standing on the bank of the river
Ancient town.
An old man lives in that town
He was an expert on watches.
And every day from year to year
He is in the city tower.
Hours ancient life gives,
With a skillful hand.
He lubricates with an oil can,
Clock mechanics.
Seeing inaccuracies
They, grandfather, are ready to repair.
Y. Orlov
Striking clock
Once upon a time there was an old woman
(For a long time already at rest),
And the old woman had
Clock carved with a fight.
"Ding dong, ding dong!" -
Beat every hour
Rumble filled the house
And they woke us up at night.
Of course, we were not silent
We knocked on the old woman's door:
"Save our ears,
Stop the clock fight!"
But the old woman answered us
She answered: "No and no!
The clock speaks to me
I love their gentle fight.
Ding dong! Ding dong!
How beautiful is their chime!
Even though he's a little sad
But transparent and crystal!
Days, weeks passed.
But the clock suddenly rattled
The arrows shuddered and stood up,
And the clock stopped striking.
It became quiet. Even creepy!
We have long been accustomed to the fight,
(But this is not a joke!)
There was something alive in him!
We, of course, did not remain silent,
There was a knock on the old lady's door.
"Why can't you hear the fight?
We need a watchmaker!"
Here comes the watchmaker -
Wise, experienced old man,
And he said, "That's it!
Here the spring is weakened,
The mechanism will be lubricated
And the clock - love and affection!
He changed the spring.
And the bell rang again
Silver chime:
"Ding-dong! Ding-dong!",
Bringing the whole house to life!
Question answer
What is Bic-Ben?
This is not the name of the tower, but of the 13-ton bell that rings inside. This tower is in England.
Which clock preceded the modern one?
At different stages of the development of civilization, mankind invented and used many different clocks: solar, star, water, fire, sand, wheel, mechanical, electric, electronic, atomic clocks.
Why does the clock go clockwise?
Clocks run clockwise because that is the direction the shadow of a sundial in the northern hemisphere moves.
When was the first sundial created?
The first sundial was discovered by archaeologists in ancient Egypt, and they were created in the 15th century BC.
Excerpts from literary works about clocks and time
... That's how, it turns out, it works in the world: a person who wastes time in vain does not notice how he is aging. And the evil wizards found out about it, and let's catch the guys wasting time in vain. And so the magicians caught Petya Zubov, and another boy, and two girls, and turned them into old men. The poor children grew old and did not notice it themselves - after all, a person who wastes time in vain does not notice how he grows old. And the time lost by the guys was taken by the wizards for themselves. And the wizards became little guys, and the guys - old old people.
Tale of lost time
E. Schwartz
... It was a lot of fun at the ball, and she completely forgot about what the sorceress ordered her to. She thought that it was not yet eleven o'clock, when suddenly the clock began to strike midnight. She jumped up and flew away like a bird. The prince rushed after her, but could not catch up with her.
Cinderella
(French fairy tale)
Puzzles
Who, moving his mustache,
Commanded by us:
- You can eat!
- It's time to go for a walk!
- Wash up and go to bed!
(Watch)
Two sisters next to each other
They run circle after circle.
Shorty - just once
The one above - every hour.
(Clock hands)
Their mustaches are not for beauty -
They show the time
And are called … (watch)
Go round the clock
Not worth a minute
And everything is in one place.
(Watch)
He swings all his life
Forgiveness over time.
(Pendulum)
It has no legs and no wings,
flies fast,
Don't overtake him.
(Time)
I warned him
To wake me up.
Until the morning he worried
Walked, walked, walked!
(Alarm)
Aunt's sleep became bad
And ... a bit,
She slept no less... (days)
Proverbs and sayings
Business time, fun hour.
Nothing educates a person like time.
Time is the wind: what the wind brings, the wind takes away.
Golden time - young summers.
I've been going for two hours
Washed for two hours
One hour wasted
Day dressed.
Time and stone grinds.
A minute saves an hour.
Tongue Twisters
Watchmaker screwing up his eye
Repairs watches for us.
Winged words and expressions
Skillful fingers. A master of his craft, a very skillful person, everything he does turns out very well.
A lot of water has flown. A lot of time has passed.
Questions for self-examination
Who is a watchmaker or watchmaker?
Why is the work of a watchmaker considered painstaking and requires perseverance, precision and attention.
When was the first sundial created?
What is the main use of watches?
Who is I. Kulibin? What is he famous for?
LITERATURE
Alyonkina, O.A. Occupational and labor socialization of youth / O.A. Alyonkina, T.V. Chernikov. – M.: Globus, 2009.
Alyonkina, O.A. Profile training in a correctional school // Modernization of management educational institution/ O.A. Alyonkina [i dr.]; ed. V.V. Serikova, T.V. Chernikova. – M.: APK i PPRO, 2004. – S. 73–79.
Bulycheva, N.A. Features of the professional choice of graduates of correction classes / N.A. Bulycheva // Correctional Pedagogy. - 2004. - No. 2 (4).
Gerasimova V.A., Classroom hour playfully. Issue 2. - M .: TC Sphere, 2004. - 64 p.
Proverbs, sayings, riddles of the peoples of Russia / comp. M.P. Filipchenko. - Rostov n / D: Phoenix, 2011. - 378 p. - (Wisdom of millennia).
Chernikova, T.V. Vocational guidance support for high school students / T.V. Chernikov. – M.: Globus, 2006.
Chistyakova, S.N. career guidance schoolchildren: organization and management / S.N. Chistyakova, N.N. Zakharov. - M .: Pedagogy, 1987.
What. Who is: children's encyclopedia. In 3 vols. T. 1. A-F / comp. V.S. Shergin, A. I. Yuriev. 5th ed., revised. and additional - M.: AST, 2007. C - 519
What. Who is: children's encyclopedia. In 3 vols. T. 2. Z - O / comp. V.S. Shergin, A. I. Yuriev. 5th ed., revised. and additional - M.: AST, 2007. C - 503.
What. Who is: children's encyclopedia. In 3 vols. T. 3. P - I / comp. V.S. Shergin, A. I. Yuriev. 5th ed., revised. and additional - M.: AST, 2007. C - 519
Shalaeva G.P., Big Book of Professions / G.P. Shalaev. – M.: AST: WORD: Polygraphizdat, 2010. – 240p.
I know the world: Children's Encyclopedia: Inventions. - M .: LLC Firm "Publishing House AST"; 1999.
I know the world: Children's Encyclopedia: History. - M .: LLC Firm "Publishing House AST"; 1997.
I know the world: Children's Encyclopedia: Animals. - M .: LLC Firm "Publishing House AST"; 1997.
1000 riddles. For children 3-6 years old. - M.: CJSC "OLMA Media Group", 2011. - 240p. – Series “The program for the development and education of a preschooler
Drawings: Abutkina N.Yu., Alyonkina O.A., Alyonkina O.M.
Quality requirements
Peat resources Milling peat extraction
Closed Joint Stock Company Transtelecom
Setting up Wi-Fi equipment
Pasteurization drawer for the selection of "heads" during rectification