What is plasticine? Research work "amazing plasticine" The history of the creation of plasticine for children

20.11.2020

Plasticine is a material familiar to everyone since childhood. It consists of purified and crushed clay powder, wax, fat and other substances that prevent drying. Games with plasticine contribute to the development of fine motor skills of hands, imagination, perseverance. However, not only children deal with this material - sculptors use it to make sketches of their works, and animators - to create cartoon characters. The most famous are the cartoons Plasticine Crow, Wallace and Gromit, as well as computer The game Neverhood.

Who invented plasticine and why, answers the Zhili-Bili website

Plasticine was invented in 1897 in England by an art school teacher William Harbutt. He wanted to invent a material that, unlike clay, would not dry out when exposed to air. The exact composition of the gray mixture obtained by William Harbutt remains a secret, since it has been patented since 1899, but it is known that it included calcium salts, petroleum jelly and stearic acid. Such plasticine practically did not dry and made it possible for students to calmly make (and redo) their sculptures. In addition, plasticine did not stick to the hands, thanks to which it quickly gained popularity among children.

Industrial production of plasticine began in 1900 in Germany. By that time, dyes had already been added to it, which made it possible to make it multi-colored. That's why factory workers nicknamed the packaging department, where plasticine was cut into strips by hand, "Rainbow Alley." William Harbutt was very pleased with his invention and even published the brochure "101 ways to use Harbutt's plasticine."

What can be done with plasticine

Plasticine fell into your hands, and you do not know what to do with it? You have tons of options! In addition to sculpting, it can be used for drawing on paper or cardboard. You can make pictures on transparent glass, you can coat a cardboard or glass jar with plasticine, and then lay out patterns on it from buckwheat, rice, peas, beans, beads, sparkles, pieces of multi-colored paper - in general, from everything that comes to mind. Or maybe you are lucky, and your plasticine can even ... eat? However, you should not be greatly deceived, because even if you got edible plasticine, and you decide to try it, you are unlikely to ever want to repeat this attempt. The composition of such clays includes flour, vegetable oils and lots and lots of salt. In general, not tasty, but not harmful. It's okay if a curious kid decides to try a bun he made himself. By the way, judging by the composition, Play-Doh brand clay can be considered the first "edible" plasticine. It's funny that this material was invented in 1956 as a wallpaper cleaner, but the sister of one of the inventors worked in kindergarten, and she managed to find a more suitable use for this tool. Although it may be that the children themselves (without the permission of the teacher) have found a new use for plasticine - children can come up with anything they want.

And yet, what exactly can be done? Here are some ideas:

1. An option for the smallest is to tear off small pieces of plasticine and stick it on a pre-prepared drawing. It can be a Christmas tree that needs to be decorated before the New Year or flowers that lack centers. You can even "hang" leaves and apples on a tree. Or maybe it will suddenly snow in your picture? Or rain? Or will autumn come and colorful leaf fall will begin? During the game, you can learn colors, and at the same time learn how to mix them.

2. When the child has learned to sculpt "balls" and "sausages", various vegetables, fruits and other products can be made from them. Cooked goodies can be cut into pieces with a plastic stack (like a knife), laid out on plates and treated to guests (mom, dad, doll, teddy bear, etc.). By the way, the right moment for an unobtrusive acquaintance with mathematics (counting, fractions, the concept of a whole-part)

3. Plasticine hedgehog. Break up the plasticine. Roll a ball with your child, slightly pull the “nose”. From beads or from small pieces of black plasticine, make a nose and eyes. Stick in matches or pieces of spaghetti. The hedgehog is ready!

4. Snail. We sculpt a "sausage" and turn it into a spiral. We stick a ball - this will be the head. On the ball we make two eyes (from beads or plasticine). We stick two thin pasta - horns.

5. Pictures from plasticine. Take soft plasticine, wax works well. Sculpt with your child simple shapes and stick them to paper or plastic board. “Sausages” can become a tree trunk, a log in a house, part of a bench, a plank from a fence, a man’s arms-legs-body, etc. A "ball" can turn into a sun, a ball, a wheel, a balloon. To make leaves for a tree, you can ask the child to tear off small pieces from plasticine and stick them next to the trunk. Wax clay is very soft - it is easy to spread it on paper. So you can make a flower or an asterisk - mold a ball, and then smear it into different sides. In general, let's show a little imagination and the masterpiece is ready.

6. Pictures from plasticine and improvised means. Cover a sheet of cardboard with plasticine. Then, to the best of your imagination, lay out on it drawings of buckwheat, rice, peas, beans, seeds, pasta, shells, stones, beads, sparkles or pieces of paper.

7. If you spread plasticine on a small jar, you get a wonderful vase. You can decorate it, just like in the previous version.

8. You can mold colorful fish, algae, stones, and then put it all inside a transparent glass jar and fill it with water. Get a great aquarium.

9. Blind the heroes of a fairy tale and act out the performance. You can take photos during the presentation, and then put them together (for example, in MS Photo story) - you get a home-made cartoon. At the same time, you can tell your child about animation and review Claudel Crow.

10. Sculpt non-existent animals. Let them become the heroes of your own fairy tale, for example, about how little Chuchundra went to kindergarten for the first time, congratulated Mumundra on his birthday, did not share a toy with a friend, bit his mother on the nose, and so on. Such games will help prepare the baby for various situations, provide an opportunity to “lose” and sort out the recent conflict.

Home plasticine

Plasticine can be easily prepared by yourself. Recipe: mix 400 g of flour, 200 g of salt and 2 tablespoons of alum (sold in a pharmacy). Then pour the mixture with 0.5 liters of boiling water and, stirring constantly, add 3-4 tbsp. tablespoons of vegetable oil. The finished mass can be tinted with sugar-free food coloring. Store such plasticine in the refrigerator in an airtight package.

Instead of a conclusion

In general, not in vain! No wonder plasticine has been so popular with children and adults for more than 100 years! I wish you all creative plasticine success!

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1. Introduction. Relevance: plasticine is used not only as a material for modeling children, but it is also used for various purposes.

In kindergarten, at technology lessons, we worked with plasticine. I was interested in the history of the emergence of plasticine, what kind of plasticine is, what can be made from plasticine.

Target: To study the history of the emergence of plasticine, get acquainted with the variety of plasticine, prepare plasticine at home and make products from plasticine.

Tasks:

Study the literature on this subject.

Carry out practical work:

Making plasticine at home

Production of products from plasticine

Make a conclusion about what type of plasticine to use for children's creativity.

Research methods: study of literature, observations, practical work, analysis.

Hypothesis: plasticine is not only a material for children's creativity, but also a material for production.

Object of study: plasticine, as a material used for various practical purposes.

Subject of study: plasticine products.

2. Literary review

2.1. The history of the invention of plasticine

Plasticine is a material used for sculpting various products. The name "Plasticine" comes from the Italian plastilina, which, in turn, is the ancient Greek word plastos, meaning "stucco".

It is known that plasticine was invented by the teacher of the School of Arts William Harbutt in England in 1897 (Appendix I. Fig. 1). Prior to this, only clay was used for sculpting, and Harbutt wanted to provide his students with a material that would not dry out when creating sculptures and could be used repeatedly.

At first, William planned to use his invention in educational purposes. But, seeing how much pleasure his family got from plasticine, he decided to sell the plasticine so that other children could enjoy it. The name "Plasticine" was invented by the whole family.

In 1900, Harbutt opened his factory, which worked until the fire of 1968, at the moment the production has been moved to Thailand.

In Germany, Franz Kolb is considered the inventor of plasticine. (Appendix I. Fig. 2). Plasticine according to his recipe is still sold under the name "Munich Artistic Plasticine".

Since then, artists, architects, engineers and children have used tons of plasticine to create all sorts of things.

2.2. Making plasticine

Plasticine is made from purified and powdered clay. In order for the plasticine not to dry out in the air, wax, animal fat, ozokerite, ceresin, and petroleum jelly are added to the clay powder. At first, only gray plasticine was in industrial production (the one that was invented by an Englishman). But later they began to add paint, and four primary colors appeared.

2.3. Difference of plasticine from other materials

The difference between plasticine and other materials is that it has different shades, remains soft and does not harden in air (with the exception of certain varieties), practically does not stick to hands. Depending on the temperature, it has a different degree of softness. Plasticine is practically harmless and has no expiration date.

Plasticine is mainly used for children's creativity as a material that develops creative skills and finger coordination.

Plasticine is considered good, which is easily cut with a plastic knife, quickly warms up in the hands and becomes soft, holds its shape, sticks well to itself, but not to hands, does not crack or crumble, does not stain hands and is easily washed off with warm water.

Today, the material for modeling is presented in a wide range.

A variety of plasticine: ordinary children's plasticine, professional sculptural, floating, wax, ART plasticine, ball, jumping, edible.

Sculptural clay, as a rule, is black or dark olive in color, and is sold in large briquettes. Its disadvantage is the complexity of working with it: first, with the help of adults, it is necessary to cut off a part of the briquette with a knife, then heat it in hot water for 15-20 minutes. In the process, it is more elastic than ordinary plasticine, and a rather boring color.

Wax plasticine. The composition of wax clay is traditional, but has an improved formula - adding more natural wax.

Wax is a sticky substance of animal or vegetable origin, consisting of esters, fatty acids and other components. Wax is plastic, waterproof, softens at a low temperature. It has been used for modeling since ancient times.

Wax clay is ideal for children.

Ball plasticine.

A distinctive feature of this plasticine is that it consists of small soft balls of foam rubber, which are connected by thin adhesive threads. Coarse-grained ball plasticine is produced on a glycerin basis. He is completely safe.

Art clay. It differs in that it hardens when exposed to heat, such as in a microwave oven, oven or hot water. There are two kinds. Soft is designed for flat modeling, creating applications and paintings. Solid is used to create three-dimensional forms, frame dolls and toys.

bouncing plasticine, or "Gum for hands" - plasticine that can take any shape. Invented in America in 1943. It has a number of properties at the same time: it can stretch, tear, be solid and liquid, it can change color, be magnetized and glow. "Smart Plasticine" is not oily, so it does not stain clothes or hands. It can be washed. It is non-toxic, hypoallergenic and completely safe. Smart plasticine can be stored in the package for five years without losing its properties. floating plasticine. So light that the figures molded from it do not sink in water. You can even play with it while swimming.

Edible plasticine. Edible plasticine is produced mainly by foreign manufacturers and consists of flour, vegetable oils and a huge amount of salt.

Edible such plasticine is called formally. You won’t get poisoned by them, but you won’t eat much either. However, for beginner little sculptors who put all objects into their mouths without exception, this option is very successful.

The use of plasticine

3.1. Plasticine in children's creativity.

Modeling from plasticine contributes to the development of fine motor skills, speech, imagination, spatial thinking, teaches us to be neat and attentive, expands our horizons. This material is easily molded to paper, wood, plastic, cardboard. Therefore, plasticine is an inexhaustible source for the development of children's imagination and creativity. The craft molded from high-quality plasticine does not lose its shape and can be outdoors for a long time without changing its qualities.

Modeling professions: sculptor, potter, military man, engineer, orthodontist, cartoonist.

Sculptor- an artist or craftsman who makes works of sculpture. He creates voluminous works of art from wood, metal, plaster, etc. The main methods: carving, carving, molding, casting. (Appendix I. Fig. 3).

Sculpture(lat. sculptura, from sculpo - cut out, carve) - sculpture, plastic - view visual arts, whose works have a three-dimensional form and are made of solid or plastic materials.

Some sculptors also use plasticine in large works, mainly for sculpting thin details that dry quickly in clay. But for this, plasticine undergoes additional processing. It is digested, i.e. melted to a liquid state, a plasticizer and a color pigment are added to it so that the plasticine gets into the color and medium softness of the clay from which the entire sculpture is made.

Potter. Potters, potters - craftsmen who make various products from baked clay. Potters are engaged in the processing, firing of clay to turn it into household items, and the creation of ceramics. The main material for the manufacture of any products is clay. For works of this kind, as far as possible, pure "pot" clay is chosen, which has the proper viscosity and such resistance to heat, which corresponds to the purpose of the products. (Appendix I. Fig.4).

Architect. An architect is a specialist who deals with the development of plans for buildings, their facades - in general and in detail, as well as interior spaces. An architect can also deal with the calculation of building structures. A modern architect, in a broad sense, is the creator of the material part of the urban environment. Specifically, these can be individual buildings, public complexes, in some cases, entire villages and even cities. (Appendix I. Fig.5).

Military. The military use wax relief maps, as they are visual, that is, they make it possible to visually perceive the spatial forms, sizes and placements of the depicted objects. Special maps created for troops include road maps, air navigation maps, and a number of others. Maps with data on the surface of the bottom of the seas, oceans and other bodies of water are called marine navigation charts. (Appendix I. Fig.6,7)

Orthodontist. An orthodontist studies and treats malocclusion, position of the teeth, the shape of the dental arches, improves the proportion of the face, and also deals with the prevention of such disorders. Makes casts of teeth for prosthetics. (Appendix I I. Fig. 1).

Multipliers. Animators are artists involved in the creation of animation. The animator invents cartoon characters, sketches the main scenes, works out the facial expressions and gestures of the characters, looks for interesting tricks that make the film stand out from the mass of others. Engaged in storyboarding and coloring of the future film, animation of characters (works out their movements, drawing intermediate phases). Usually several specialists work on the cartoon, and each of them does his part of the work. (Appendix I I. Fig. 2).

Engineer. An engineer is a specialist with a higher technical education. Engineers work in many sectors of the national economy: in factories, construction sites, mines, in military affairs, aviation, transport, and are developing in research institutes. It turns out that engineers also sculpt. These are models of cars, devices. The model of the first space suit was also molded from plasticine. (Appendix I I. Fig. 3).

Practical part.

Working with plasticine, I compiled a memo for working with it and offered it to my classmates.

1. During modeling, you need to make sure that the plasticine does not fall on the floor or cover the floor with newspapers.

2. You can not take plasticine in your mouth, and during modeling you should not touch your face, eyes and clothes with your hands.

3. After working with plasticine, wash your hands with soap and water. Do not touch notebooks, books and other accessories with plasticine-dirty hands, as greasy stains will remain on the items.

4. Even small pieces of plasticine left over from work should not be thrown away, but should be put in a separate bag or Plastic container, as they can be useful for other crafts.

5. A craft that did not work out should not be crushed into one lump; you need to carefully disassemble it by color, since pure colors can always be useful for another product.

6. The most successful works can be photographed for the home collection.

7. After modeling, you need to remove your workplace. The working board should be cleaned of plasticine in a stack, and plasticine should be collected from the floor and, if possible, sorted by color or put into a separate container in which clean remnants of multi-colored plasticine are stored.

8. Put the finished or unfinished craft in the craft box.

9. Stacks should be wiped with a clean cloth and placed in a box or bag.

In industrial conditions, plasticine is made from purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of wax, ceresin, fat and other substances that prevent drying. Painted in various colors. (Appendix I I. Fig.4,5,6,7,8).

On the Internet, my mother and I found about 10 different ways to make plasticine at home. We decided to choose the most affordable, its components are in any kitchen. We needed:

3.5 cups flour

0.5 cups of salt

1 spoon potato starch,

2.5 tablespoons of vegetable oil or glycerin,

2 glasses of water

food colorings,

1 tsp lemon juice or apple cider vinegar (for color fastness)

a large mixing bowl and a wooden spoon. Add food coloring to boiling water. Remove the water from the stove and add vinegar and oil to it. Mix dry ingredients in a large bowl and slowly add colored water With butter. Mix thoroughly with a wooden spoon. When the mixture has cooled, you need to knead it with your hands until it reaches a plastic consistency. This product can be stored in an airtight container indefinitely.

For comparison, we prepared plasticine in a different way. (Appendix III. Fig.1,2,3) Ingredients: wax, glycerin and white clay (a powder that actually had a green tint). Instead of wax, they took paraffin from a melted candle. They poured it into dry clay. The paraffin cooled quickly and took on flakes. We added glycerin drop by drop and began to knead this mass with our fingers, resembling dirt and hard to get off our fingers. We got a lump of dark green color. It had a layered structure. During the formation of the “roll”, the mass did not show elastic properties, broke and crumbled. Perhaps wax should be used in this recipe, because. it is a component of natural origin, will become soft and plastic from the heat of the hands. Paraffin has an unpleasant odor, I do not advise children to use it.

I learned from the literature that plasticine can be: ordinary children's plasticine, sculptural, wax, ball, ART plasticine, jumping, floating, edible. I decided to execute different kind plasticine various products.

I made several crafts from ordinary plasticine. (Appendix III. Fig.4)

From flesh-colored sculptural plasticine, I fashioned a horse. (Appendix III. Fig.5). I spent a lot of time making the body. I made the mane and tail from ordinary plasticine, because. I wanted to decorate and finish the craft as soon as possible.

In the art classes in kids club"Sun" we made crafts from white, gray and brown clay. All my work is shown in photographs. (Appendix III. Fig. 6). Clay, like sculptural clay, must be softened in warm water before work. The advantage of white clay is its color (a horse, in the style of a Dymkovo toy). Most of all I liked to work with gray clay, which you can buy in the store. The frog on a lily leaf is made of this material. Gray clay is smoother, more uniform, gouache fits well on it. Brown clay is a natural material, it is very viscous, sticky to hands. Such a craft (a kitten with a ball) takes a lot of paint, it lays unevenly. All clay products must dry for at least three days and only then are they stained. I noticed that after drying, cracks appeared on my works. And while I was carrying them home, some parts broke off. Parts of products can be glued with PVA glue - and my animals were saved!

Unlike clay, plasticine remains soft and practically does not harden or dry out. It doesn't stick to hands. It has wide range colors. Plasticine acquires a different degree of softness depending on the temperature, which allows you to continue working with it after any period of time.

From fine-grained ball plasticine, I molded a flower and a butterfly. (Appendix III. Fig. 7) I noticed that this plasticine sticks to hands, has a strong smell, colors do not mix well. However, it is bright and light. After drying, the craft looks like a three-dimensional picture.

Conclusion.

In my work, I studied the history of the emergence of plasticine, a type of plasticine, drew up rules of conduct and precautions when working with plasticine, made plasticine at home and made products from plasticine. I concluded: sculptural clay is not suitable for children to work with, as it is too hard and has a small range of colors. Wax, ball, bouncing, "Smart Plasticine", floating - these types of plasticine are well suited for children's creativity. Edible plasticine is suitable for modeling only for kids. Schoolchildren are not suitable for ordinary modeling. Soft ART plasticine is good for children to draw on a plane. Hard ART plasticine is not suitable for everyday modeling. From it you can mold souvenir works.

Plasticine has become very popular with animators due to its ease of use: it is easy to shape, flexible enough to allow the character to move, and holds its shape well, especially when using rebar. A vivid example of this is the cartoon "Plasticine Crow". I was very interested in the process of "revitalizing" plasticine figures, and I would like to next year create your own cartoon.

Literature.

Lebedeva E.G. Simple crafts made of paper and plasticine. - M.: Airis-press, 2005.- 175 p. : ill.- (Attention: children!)

Belova E. Figurines, toys and little animals in different techniques: yarn, beads, plasticine, paper. Yaroslavl, 2013.- 111s. : col. ill.- (100 ideas for creativity)

Anistratova A. A. Crafts from plasticine and puff pastry.- M .: Institute of Innovation in Education, 2010.- 44 pp.: ill.- (Developing Creative skills)

Card V.A. Fairy tales from plasticine. - St. Petersburg., 1997. - 157p. : ill.- (To teach and to educate, entertain)

Plasticine games // Gifts for friends: crafts from natural materials.- Smolensk: Rusich, 2002.- p.5-112

Appendix I

Rice. 1. William Harbutt Fig. 2. Franz Kolba.

Fig.3. Sculptor's workshop Fig. 4. Potter

Fig. 5. Architect. Fig.6. Military.

Fig.7. Wax relief map.

Appendix I I.

Fig.1. Orthodontist. Fig.2. Multiplier.

Fig.3. Engineer Fig. 4 Making plasticine

Rice. 5,6,7,8. Plasticine production.

Annex I I I.

Fig.1,2,3. Production of a product from plasticine.

Fig.4. From children's plasticine Fig.5. Sculptural plasticine horse

Fig.6. Clay products Fig.7. Products from ball plasticine

Buying your child a box with bright sticks for creative pursuits, adults often do not think about what plasticine is, what it is made of and where it came from. But this is very interesting material.

Plasticine- a special material for modeling, the composition of which is clay, wax, petroleum jelly, purified and crushed to a homogeneous state. Also, the composition of plasticine can include various high-molecular synthetic substances - polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, as well as rubbers, ozokerite, ceresin and animal fats.

History of plasticine

The word plasticine comes from the Italian adjective, which translates as stucco.

For the first time, a material similar in properties to plasticine was mentioned back in the sixteenth century in the books of George Vasari. There are several applicants for the title of the inventor of plasticine. In Germany, it is believed that the German Franz Kolba invented the first plasticine. In 1880, Kolba patented his invention. In the UK in 1899, art school teacher William Harbut also creates a material similar to plasticine. Later, he even opened his own factory for the production of this material.

There is also a version that the inventor of plasticine is the Italian Joe McVicker. Moreover, he created the material not for modeling, but for cleaning stains from wallpaper. But his relative, a kindergarten teacher, started using his invention instead of clay to create handicrafts. Her idea took on a large scale - and in 1955, plasticine was officially introduced for modeling classes in preschool educational institutions. And McVicker himself became a dollar millionaire at the age of 27 thanks to plasticine.

Previously, plasticine was used not for its intended purpose, but as a window lubricant and a stain remover from paper surfaces. Also, this versatile material was widely used by sculptors for the manufacture of decorative elements in the interior and statues.

Nowadays, clay is mainly used by professional sculptors and children - respectively, sculptural and ornamental clay is used.

Sculptors are very fond of this material, it is second only to clay in terms of use. Plasticine is used to make medals, various miniatures, genre compositions, small sketches for the subsequent creation of large sculptures, and various types of layouts. Plasticine has an advantage over other materials: it does not dry out and remains flexible. That is why sculptors use it to make delicate details when performing complex painstaking work.

For children's creative activities, there is now a wide choice various kinds plasticine: ball, bouncing, wax, hardening, floating, nano-plasticine, art-plasticine. It is sold in various forms: in balls, sticks, buckets, cells and sausages. A good plasticine for children should be soft, non-toxic, it should not stick to hands, stain and stain them, and should not leave greasy marks.

Plasticine has many advantages in use. Classes with its use are very useful for children's development. After all, when a child sculpts, he develops hand motor skills. Also, such activities contribute to the development of accuracy and imagination, have a positive effect on the nervous system. And at any stage of the creative process, you can adjust the product.

There are many ideas for using plasticine for children. You can make various things out of it: it can be animals, fruits, toys, flowers. Original paintings are obtained from plasticine - cardboard or paper is taken for the base. A stained glass picture made of glass and plasticine looks beautiful and unusual. You can also smear a vase, glass or board with this plastic material and stick shells, beads and cereals in the form of various patterns.

With the help of plasticine figures, a unique genre of animation is created - plasticine animation. This animation is based on three-dimensional plasticine figures. The most famous cartoon is Plasticine Crow.

Plasticine has few drawbacks: fading and melting under the action of open sunlight, the possibility of burning some types, dust sticking to it.

And still , plasticine- this is a safe material if it is chosen correctly and correctly. It has no expiration dates, it has the widest palette of colors. But most importantly, plasticine is the most convenient material for children's creativity.

Modeling is one of the interesting and fascinating types of applied art. The deeper you comprehend the basics, the more something new opens up for you. I would like to sculpt, approaching the selection of materials for work in an extraordinary way: shells, pebbles, fabric, fur, leather and much more are interesting to add to the dough. From this work acquire liveliness, originality and charm.

The controversial issue of the origin of plasticine.

First version.

In 1897, the English art school teacher William Harbut developed a new, familiar to all of us, plasticine, taking its original composition as a basis and adding plant-derived paints to it. He then received a patent in 1899, and in 1900 the Bathampton factory began his industrial production. The factory worked until the fire in 1968. Not only artists, but also six children of William himself fell in love with "clay that never dries up", as he first called it. The original plasticine was gray (its exact formula is still a SECRET), but went on sale in four colors, and was soon produced in many bright colors. The name "plasticin" was invented by the whole family.

Second version.

Thank you for the plasticine to Joe McVicker from Cincinnati. While working in a chemical factory, he patented a non-toxic wallpaper cleaner. He sent a sample of this substance to his relative, who worked as a kindergarten teacher. The woman replaced the usual modeling clay with new material, which was more plastic hoarfrost soiled hands. Soon the board of education in Cincinnati required all schools to use it in the classroom.

Ball plasticine appeared quite recently. The unusualness of this material is that it consists of small balls connected by the thinnest adhesive threads. The colors of such plasticine mix well with each other, forming a multi-colored ball mass. Sculpting from ball plasticine is a pleasure, because it does not stick to your hands at all and is absolutely safe. Finished crafts dry within 24 hours.

There is also a very interesting plasticine, which appeared quite recently, this is art - plasticine or clay of key workers. Art - plasticine is of two types. Art - plasticine "soft" - suitable for the manufacture of flat products - paintings, applications. Art - plasticine "hard" or frame - suitable for the manufacture of bulk products, dolls, toys. Products from this plasticine are rejected in living conditions. For example, in 15-20 minutes in hot water, in an oven, under a table lamp or in a microwave oven.

Why is clay so popular? Why do we use plasticine, and not clay or something else. What is its advantage?

Plasticine, unlike clay and wax, remains soft, practically does not harden and does not dry out. Unlike ceramics, it has a wide range of colors and does not stick to hands. Plasticine acquires a different degree of softness depending on the temperature, which allows you to continue working with it after any period of time. It is made from purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of wax, lard and other substances that prevent drying. Painted in various colors. Serves for making figures of sketches for sculptural works. Plasticine is used by children as a material for crafts. Playing with plasticine helps develop finger coordination.

For those who like to sculpt, there is a recipe for making "homemade clay" that will be absolutely harmless.

For this we need:

400 gr. flour, 200 gr. salt, 500 ml. boiling water, 1 tablespoon of "alann" (it's a gelatin-like powder, it's not harmful and is sold in a pharmacy) and 1 tablespoon of sunflower oil.

Mix flour, salt and "alann" in one cup, pour boiling water and mix quickly, avoiding the formation of lumps. Mix better with a mixer. After pouring water, add a tablespoon of oil. In boiling water, you need to add food coloring in large quantities so that the color becomes beautiful and juicy. When the mass becomes thick and the mixer cannot turn further, you still need to knead the mass well, like dough. And plasticine is ready!

Homemade plasticine can be dried both in the air and in the microwave, varnished and even tasted (salty!). Homemade plasticine, wrapped in a bag, can be stored in the refrigerator for about a month. Finally, such plasticine should not erode, stick and stain tables, floors, walls, clothes and hands!

But what can be done from plasticine:

BEAR IN THE LAM

W U L K A N

To make a volcano, quite safe and yet very effective, you will need a plate, plasticine, baking soda, acetic acid (vinegar), dye (you can take fukortsin from a home medicine cabinet or red food coloring, or beetroot juice), any dishwashing liquid .

We divide the plasticine into two parts and roll one of them into a flat “pancake” - the base of the volcano, and from the second we sculpt a hollow cone with a hole at the top (the slopes of the volcano). Having pinched both parts along the edges, it is necessary to pour water inside and make sure that the “volcano” does not let it through from below. The volume of the internal cavity of the "volcano" should not be very large (100-200 ml is best, this is the capacity of a glass). Volcano on a plate put on a tray.

To “charge” the volcano with “lava”, we prepare a mixture of dishwashing liquid (1 tablespoon), dry baking soda (1 tablespoon) and dye (a few drops are enough). Pour this mixture into the volcano, and then add vinegar (a quarter of a cup) there. A violent reaction begins with the release of carbon dioxide. Brightly colored foam emerges from the vent

plastilina, from other Greek. πλαστός - stucco) - material for modeling. Previously made from purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of wax, animal fats and other substances that prevent drying. Currently, in the production of plasticine, high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), rubbers and other high-tech materials are also used. Painted in various colors. Serves for making figures of sketches for sculptural works, small models, works of small forms.

The question of who is considered the inventor of plasticine is debatable. In Germany, they consider Franz Kolb (patent 1880), in the UK - William Harbut (patent 1899). There is another version of the creation of plasticine, according to which this substance was invented by Joe McVicker. Initially, plasticine was supposed to be used to clean stains from wallpaper. A relative of McVicker, who worked in a kindergarten, received a parcel with plasticine, showed it to the children, who appreciated it, and after a while plasticine began to be used everywhere, displacing clay, which was previously preferred.

Plasticine is used by children as a material for crafts. Playing with plasticine helps develop finger coordination. For children's creativity, it is desirable to use safe plant-based plasticine.

Smart plasticine

Smart plasticine, or as it is also called - handgum (literally - hand chewing gum, English), this silicone-based substance, feels like chewing gum, but has the interesting properties of thixotropic fluids. Due to this, it flows, breaks, breaks, etc. Due to other components, it can still be magnetized, glow, change color. Tar has similar properties at relatively low temperatures.

Sculptural clay

Sculptural clay is used for more serious tasks in modeling. It holds its shape better, allows you to work out rather small details of the sculpture. Plasticine is distinguished by special elasticity. This property allows you to use it for sculptural miniatures and model work. Does not stain or stick to hands and special materials used in work. The shelf life of plasticine is not limited: it retains its properties for a long time, so it can be used for many years. For the manufacture of sculptural plasticine, a waxy mass is used with the addition of mineral pigments and fillers.

Disadvantages of plasticine

Fading in the light;
contamination of hands due to work with plasticine;

Sources

Vatagin V. How to sculpt animals// Painter. 1962, No. 5. S.53-56.

Links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Synonyms:

See what "Plasticine" is in other dictionaries:

- (Italian plastilina from Greek plastos stucco), material for modeling. It is made from purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of wax, lard and other substances that prevent drying. Painted in various colors. Serves to perform… Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (or plasticine), plasticine, pl. no, husband. (from Greek plastos stucco) (special). Mass of clay with some impurities that prevent it from drying out, used. for modeling. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

PLASTILINE, a (y), husband. Plastic material for modeling, consisting of clay and wax with the addition of fats, petroleum jelly and other substances that prevent drying. | adj. plasticine, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Ex., number of synonyms: 3 material (306) plastic (31) plastic mass (4) … Synonym dictionary

It. plaslilina (gr. plastos fashioned) a mass consisting of clay with an admixture of substances (ch. arr. wax, oil) that prevent it from drying out; use for modeling. New dictionary of foreign words. by EdwART, 2009. plasticine plasticine, pl. No m.… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

BUT; m. [ital. plastilina] 1. A plastic mass of clay with the addition of wax and oil to prevent it from drying out, used for modeling. Plasticine box. A block of plasticine. Sculpt from plasticine. Seal the holes with plasticine. Purify from... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

plasticine- 1. freshly harvested hemp pollen. Jargon of drug addicts 2. Raw opium. Jargon of drug addicts 3. Plasticine Handmade soft hashish. Synonyms: plastic, handbrake, shmyakish. Jargon of drug addicts... Dictionary of modern vocabulary, jargon and slang

plasticine- plastilinas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Molio miltelių, cerezino, vazelino ir kt. medžiagų plastiškas mišinys. atitikmenys: engl. plasticine. plasticine ... Chemijos terminų aiskinamasis žodynas