"Structure of the enterprise" - 1. Linear organizational structure of management. In practice, there are 3 types of organization industrial production: Workplace maybe: Main production workshops. 2. Functional structure management. Service farms. Complex. Auxiliary shops. There are methods of organizing the production process:
"Reception of delegations" - Opening a visa List required documents: - the original passport - an invitation from the host organization (a fax copy is enough) - a 3 * 4 cm photo. - a completed visa application form. If the period of stay does not exceed 3-4 days (excluding weekends) days - procedure registration is not required).
"Entity" - Private business. 3. Economic entities- legal entities. Joint-stock company. Associations of legal entities persons. Owner-funded institution. Company with additional responsibility. Participants - the state (Russian Federation) or municipal authorities The purpose of the activity is commercial. Economic partnership.
"Organizational and legal form" - The purpose of the pilot study. BFA change and factors corporate governance. Hypothesis 3. Financial indicators activities of the company may influence the decision to change the OPF. About 78% of respondents deny the risk of key owners losing corporate control. Hypothesis 1. The pace of a company's development can influence the change in the form of a legal entity.
"Finance of the enterprise" - The principle of self-financing - full payback of costs for the production and sale of products and investment in the development of production at the expense of own funds and, if necessary, bank and commercial loans. The principle of economic independence. Product cost.
"Enterprise cash" - A bond is a fixed income security issued by an enterprise or government. The structure of the stock market. Enterprise funds. 3 Financial mechanism. 2 Finance of the enterprise. Define the term " cash flow". Finances of enterprises, institutions, organizations; insurance; public finances.
In total there are 8 presentations in the topic
New business organization
Management when creating a new enterprise
Stages of creating a new enterprise
1. Management when creating a new enterprise
At the initial stage of activity, an entrepreneur faces many problems. The first of them is to find your economic niche. To do this, it is necessary to study the state of the market, supply and demand for goods of interest, possible obstacles and restrictions should be foreseen, and the possibility of obtaining benefits should be studied.
Having determined an economic niche, an entrepreneur can determine the specialization of the future enterprise, for him it is necessary to assess in more detail the capabilities of future consumers, find out all possible information about competitors, and solve the issue of technology and technology.
Of no small importance is the choice of the form of entrepreneurship. First of all, the choice is made between the individual and the collective.
If a choice is made in favor of a collective form, it is necessary to carefully consider the choice of partners (organizational and legal forms of legal entities)
The next step is the formation of a production base.
An entrepreneur needs to purchase or lease production or warehouses, equipment, machine tools, purchase raw materials and materials, hire workers.
An important stage is the attraction of financial resources. The lack of funds can be covered in several ways:
Issue of securities
Commercial bank loans
At the initial stage of activity at the beginning of functioning, the main problem is to create an effective organizational structure in which each employee is aware and accepts the purpose of the organization's activities, ways to achieve it.
2. Stages of creating a new enterprise
At the initial stage, the composition of the founders is determined, and founding documents: charter and agreement on the establishment and operation of the enterprise, indicating the organizational and legal form.
Constituent agreements are being signed
Approval of the charter of the enterprise and execution of minutes No. 1 by the meeting of participants, in which the director and chairman of the audit commission are appointed (only for JSC)
Opening a temporary settlement in a bank
Registration of an enterprise at the place of its establishment in local authority authorities
Transfer of information about the enterprise for inclusion in the state register. At the same time, the codes of the All-Union Classifier of Enterprises and Organizations (OKPO) are assigned to the legal entity
Opening a permanent bank account and participants making their deposits
Registration with the regional tax office
Obtaining permission and making a seal and stamp.
If an enterprise is established as a JSC, its founders will have to subscribe for shares. In case of an open subscription, a notice about it is published in the media, which indicates the subject, goals and duration of the future JSC, the composition of the founders and the date of the founding conferences, the cash amount of the authorized capital, the number, types and value of shares.
Subscribers to the shares are required to contribute at least 30% of the value of the shares before the day of the founding conferences. If the shares are distributed among the founders, then at least fifty.
The task of the founding conference is to resolve the following issues:
On the establishment of JSC;
Charter approval;
Elections of governing bodies.
After the completion of the founding conference, registration is carried out.
When creating a new enterprise, the development of a feasibility study is of great importance, which includes the following sections:
Availability of structural, technological and other required documentation
The production program is a planning document that evaluates the future release of products in the nomenclature and assortment
The list of elements of the basis necessary for the execution of the program production assets(building, structure, machinery, equipment)
Availability production capacity or a project to create them
Profitability certain types products
The amount of depreciation deductions
Estimated revenue from product sales
Costs
Planned contributions to the budget
Net profit
Number of employees
Expected salary
Labor productivity
Starting to create an enterprise, any entrepreneur or group of entrepreneurs must have a clear and precise idea in front of them, which must be supported by a system of constantly receiving orders for manufactured products or services. The planned output of products, the provision of services must be provided with all the necessary material resources. Finally, when starting a new business, an entrepreneur should consider the possibility of constantly replenishing his capital. All these issues must be reflected in sufficient detail in the main document - an entrepreneurial business plan.
An essential quality for any entrepreneur modern enterprise is the ability to respond flexibly to changing situations. To do this, one must be competent in the chosen field of activity, possess the necessary character traits: purposefulness, perseverance, readiness for failure, the ability to learn and draw conclusions from one's mistakes. It is necessary to select reliable partners and associates, one must be prepared for competition. It is necessary to clearly organize marketing, be able to maintain informal communications, and at later stages - official relations both with suppliers of raw materials, semi-finished products, components, and with consumers of products, with customers.
A modern enterprise is a complex organizational structure. In market conditions, the importance of the three main directions of the organization of an industrial enterprise increases:
scientific organization production;
scientific organization of labor;
scientific management organization.
Scientific organization of production aims to create an optimal technical and technological system at the enterprise. This is a reliable and efficiently functioning production equipment and technology, streamlined technical and organizational relationships of workers.
The task of the scientific organization of labor (NOT) - building healthy formal relationships in a team of employees, including a system of measures to create conditions for highly productive, efficient creative work. But the possibilities of NOT are limited by the technical and technological state of the enterprise, its financial and economic assets.
Scientific organization of management - it is a system of technical, economic and humanitarian means that ensure the purposefulness of the impact on the material and human subsystems of the enterprise. It promotes their interaction in order to achieve the best material, technological and economic effect.
Any entrepreneurial action is an organization of relationships between people. And the more thoroughly it is recreated and skillfully regulated, the greater the hopes for obtaining economic benefits, for profitable reimbursement of the costs incurred.
After the decision to create a new enterprise is made, a number of mandatory stages must be passed. The procedure for creating a new enterprise can be seen in Fig. one
Rice. The procedure for creating a new enterprise
At the initial stage of the creation of a new enterprise, the composition of the founders is determined, and constituent documents are developed: the charter of the enterprise and an agreement on the creation and operation of the enterprise, indicating its organizational and planning form. Along with this, protocol No. 1 of the meeting of participants in the newly created enterprise is drawn up on the appointment of the director and chairman of the audit commission. Then a temporary bank account is opened, where at least 50% of the authorized capital must be received within 30 days after the registration of the enterprise. Further, the enterprise is registered at the place of its establishment in the local authority. For state registration submitted to the relevant authority the following documents:
application of the founder (or founders) for registration;
company charter;
a decision to establish an enterprise (as a rule, a resolution of a meeting of founders);
founders' agreement on the establishment and operation of the enterprise;
certificate of payment of state duty.
If the established procedure for establishing an enterprise is violated or the necessary constituent documents are missing, or the submitted documents do not comply with the requirements of the law, the applicant has the right to apply to the court, which will make the final decision. business entrepreneur property owner
When the registration is completed and a certificate of registration is received, all information about the new enterprise is transferred to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for inclusion in the State Register of Enterprises. Here the company is assigned codes of the All-Russian classifier enterprises and organizations.
are coming final stages creation of a new enterprise. Participants make their full contributions (not later than one year after registration), open a permanent bank account, the company is registered in the district tax office, orders and receives a round stamp and a corner stamp. From this moment the enterprise begins to function as an independent legal entity.
If the enterprise is created as a joint-stock company, its founders will also have to subscribe for shares. In case of an open subscription, the founders publish a notice of the upcoming subscription, in which they indicate the subject, goals and terms of the activity of the future joint-stock company, the composition of the founders, the date of the founding conference, the planned size of the authorized capital, the number and types of shares, their nominal value, the start and end dates for the subscription to shares and other required information. Subscribers to the shares are required to pay at least 30% of their nominal value before the day of the founding conference. If all shares are distributed among the founders, then the contribution must be at least 50%. The shareholder is obliged to redeem the shares in full no later than one year after the registration of the joint-stock company.
Then a founding conference is held. Her task is to address issues such as:
creation of a joint-stock company (JSC);
approval of the charter of JSC;
the size of the authorized capital after the completion of the subscription for shares;
elections of the governing bodies of the AO, etc.
After the successful completion of the founding conference, the registration of the newly created joint-stock company is carried out, and it can begin to function.
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1. Planning for the future of the enterprise............................................... ....... four
1.1. Key Issues to Consider When Planning a New Enterprise............. 4
1.2. Choice of legal form .................................................................. ................. 6
2. Practical Steps for Starting a New Enterprise....................... 9
2.1. Documenting.................................................................................. 9
2.1. Material base................................................ ................................................. 12
3. Adjustment of work at a newly created enterprise .............................. 15
3.1. Internal documentation of the enterprise .................................................................. ............... fifteen
3.2. Accounting policy of the enterprise .................................................................. .............................. 16
3.3. Organizational structure................................................................................. 18
3.4. Signing employment contract.......................................................................... 19
3.5. Role job descriptions in the functioning of the enterprise ........... 21
3.6. Additional actions .................................................................. ...................................... 23
4. Some features of enterprise planning on the example of an enterprise retail................................................................ 25
Conclusion................................................. ................................................. ............... 28
Bibliography................................................ ................................................. 29
Entrepreneurship in general and small business in particular have been known in Russia for a long time. Initially, it manifested itself in a commercial form, in the form of crafts. The broad development of entrepreneurship falls on the years of the reign of Peter I (1689-1725) and in the post-reform period - in the 60s - 70s of the XIX century, and at the beginning of the XX century. in Russia it is becoming a mass phenomenon. The revival of domestic entrepreneurship began in January 1991, with the entry into force of the Law of the RSFSR of December 25, 1990 “On enterprises and entrepreneurial activity". This law has not been in force since July 1, 2002, but it undoubtedly played a significant role in restoring the functioning of small business in Russia. Small business is a collection of small and medium enterprises, limited by certain legal norms. Together with large business structures, as well as with the public sector, small business forms a single whole. Without exaggerating the importance of small business, it should be noted at the same time that its role in the development of the economy, in meeting the needs of the population is quite large, especially in modern conditions market economy. Based on the foregoing, in this paper we set ourselves the task of describing the process of creating a private small commercial enterprise
Before taking concrete steps to create new company/ enterprise, it must already be created mentally, that is, predicted and planned.
The creation of any enterprise begins with determining its economic niche in the economic space, studying the state of the market, supply and demand for goods and services sold in the industry and region of interest to it, are determined general terms and Conditions investment of funds (it is necessary to provide for possible obstacles and restrictions, to study the possibilities of obtaining benefits - loan, tax, etc.)
According to Peter Drucker, professor at the New York University School of Business, one of the most widely read authors in the US and in the world, starting a new enterprise requires:
concentration of attention in the market;
financial foresight, especially in planning and managing cash;
· Creation of the top managerial level long before. how the new enterprise will feel a real need for this, and long before it has a real opportunity to afford to have this division;
the ability to determine the areas of the most effective application of one's strengths and abilities.
Before starting your own business, you should perform the so-called marketing intelligence, i.e. find your market niche. In this case, you need to pay attention to a number of conditions:
political factors - stability of the political system, protection of property, investments;
socio-economic - the state of purchasing power individual layers societies, the satisfaction of whose needs the created enterprise will work, possible competition, the movement of inflationary processes, the state of the financial and credit system;
legal - availability and condition legislative framework entrepreneurship.
Then there is the question of founders. When selecting founders, one should take into account: solvency, business integrity, full mutual trust. Practice shows that quite often the founders, having started their business and faced with certain difficulties, disperse, and sometimes become enemies. Therefore, the selection of founders should be carefully and unhurriedly.
In accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, an enterprise in the territory of the Russian Federation can be created in one of the following organizational and legal forms:
1. General partnership
2. Fellowship in faith
3. Limited Liability Company
4. Company with additional liability
5. Joint stock company: open or closed
6. Subsidiaries
7. Associates
9. State and municipal unitary enterprises
11. Public and religious organizations
13. Institutions
14. Associations and unions.
Factors determining the choice of legal form are the following:
participation in the formation of the property of a legal entity and a liability or ownership right or other real right in relation to this property;
the volume of legal capacity (general or special);
· Kind of activity;
the need for licensing and the territory of activity;
place of state registration;
· number of participants;
Proposed governing bodies;
availability of prospective branches and representative offices;
the system of taxation desired by the participants, as well as the system accounting and reporting.
Some organizational and legal forms are possible only for non-profit enterprises(faith partnerships, public and religious organizations, foundations, unions), some - for large firms (joint stock companies, the presence of various types of branches).
The most common organizational and legal forms of newly registered enterprises are as follows: a limited liability company (LLC) and a closed joint stock company (CJSC). If you decide to register an LLC, then in the future, when changing the founders, you will have to make changes to the constituent documents without fail, since the names and data of the founders are contained both in the charter of the company and in memorandum of association, and in the minutes of the general meeting of members of the company. In the case of registration of a CJSC in the constituent document (for a joint-stock company this is only a charter), the names and data of shareholders can be omitted. An exception is the case when the CJSC is founded by one person. The change in the composition of shareholders can then occur through the internal documents of the firm. Such a document is the register of shareholders. When changing the size of the authorized capital of an LLC, it will be necessary to register changes in the constituent documents (charter and memorandum of association). A CJSC will have to register a new issue of shares, since its authorized capital can be changed either through an additional issue, or by changing the nominal value of shares.
The most convenient form for creating a private (non-state/municipal) independent (non-subsidiary) large enterprise) a small firm trading in services (non-production), a limited liability company (LLC) is represented. Under this form, the participants of the company are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses associated with the activities of the company, within the value of their contributions. According to the Law on Limited Liability Companies No. 14-FZ of 08.10.1998, “A limited liability company (hereinafter referred to as a company) is a business company established by one or more persons, the authorized capital of which is divided into shares of the sizes determined by the constituent documents; members of the company are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses associated with the activities of the company, to the extent of the value of their contributions”.
Based on this, for a small business that sells services and does not aim to benefit from the distribution of shares, the most profitable form of operation is precisely the form of a limited liability company.
To register a new company, according to officials, it is enough to pay the state duty, submit an application to the territorial inspection of the Ministry of Taxation of Russia and, in five working days, receive a certificate of registration of a new company and a certificate of tax registration. In reality, this path is usually much longer.
The creation of a new enterprise involves a number of mandatory steps. At the initial stage, the composition of the founders is determined and constituent documents are developed: the charter of the enterprise and the agreement on the creation and operation of the enterprise, indicating its organizational and legal form. Along with this, minutes No. 1 of the meeting of the company's participants are drawn up on the appointment of the director and chairman of the audit commission, later on general meeting the charter of the society is approved.
40. Opening businesses
The opening of a new enterprise involves the implementation of a number of stages for its creation and organization of production and economic activities.
The main stages of creating an enterprise should be:
1) determination of the composition of the founders and development of constituent documents;
2) the conclusion by the founders of an agreement on the establishment and operation of the enterprise;
3) approval of the charter of the enterprise and execution of minutes JV° 1 of the meeting of the founders of the company;
4) opening a temporary bank account;
5) registration of an enterprise;
6) transfer of information about the enterprise for inclusion in State Register;
7) making full contributions to the bank by the participants of the enterprise;
8) opening a permanent bank account;
9) registration of the enterprise in the regional tax office;
10) obtaining permission and making a round seal and a corner stamp.
At the first stage of the establishment of the enterprise, the composition of the founders is determined, the charter of the enterprise is developed and approved, and the founders conclude an agreement on the creation and operation of the enterprise. The contract must define the organizational and legal form of the opening enterprise. Then a meeting of the company's participants is held, where issues on the appointment of the director and chairman of the audit commission are resolved. The secretary draws up minutes No. 1 of the meeting of the company's participants.
The next stage is the opening of a temporary bank account, where at least 50% of the authorized capital must be received within 30 days after the registration of the enterprise. Further, the enterprise is registered with the local authority at the place of its establishment in the manner prescribed by the law on the regulation legal entities. For state registration, a package of documents is submitted to the relevant authority, including:
1) application of the founders for registration;
2) the charter of the enterprise;
3) resolution of the meeting of founders on the establishment of the enterprise;
4) an agreement of founders on the establishment and implementation of the activities of the enterprise;
5) certificate of payment of the state fee.
After registration is completed, a certificate of registration is issued and all information about the new enterprise is transferred to the Ministry of Finance Russian Federation to include the enterprise in the Unified State Register of Enterprise. Here, the codes of the All-Union Classifier of Enterprises and Organizations are assigned. These data confirm the fact of the opening of the enterprise. Not later than one year after registration, the participants of the enterprise fully contribute to the bank, open a permanent current account, register with the local tax office at the place of their establishment. The final step in creating a new enterprise is obtaining a round seal and a corner stamp.
If an enterprise is created in the form of a joint-stock company, then its founders still subscribe for shares. In case of an open subscription, a notice of the forthcoming issue is published, it indicates the subject, purpose, terms of activity of the joint-stock company being opened, the composition of the founders and the date of the founding meeting, the planned size of the authorized capital, the total number, nominal value and types of shares, the timing of the subscription to shares and other information. The persons subscribed to the shares shall make a contribution of at least 30% of the par value of the shares before the day of the convocation of the constituent assembly. In the case when all shares are distributed among the founders of the company, the contribution must be at least 50%. Not later than one year after the registration of the joint-stock company, the shareholder is obliged to redeem the shares in full.
The next important step in opening a society is the organization of its activities.
The organization of the activities of any enterprise should be based on the following principles:
1) availability of a qualified personnel and necessary information;
2) implementation of coordination and interaction of all elements of the organizational and managerial structure of the enterprise;
3) ensuring the normal functioning of the enterprise in a changing external environment on the basis of flexibility of accepted managerial decisions.
In each specific case, the organization of the enterprise's activities is carried out taking into account industry specifics in which the opened enterprise will operate, its organizational and legal form, the availability of the necessary equipment, etc.
(Materials are given on the basis of: E.A. Tatarnikov, N.A. Bogatyreva, O.Yu. Butova. Microeconomics. Answers to exam questions: Tutorial for universities. - M.: Exam Publishing House, 2005. ISBN 5-472-00856-5)
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