Mushroom growing business for beginners. Is it profitable to grow mushrooms? (Ready-made business plan with detailed calculations) What documents are required for growing mushrooms

Not every novice entrepreneur will have the funds to organize a high-tech enterprise. But this is not a reason to abandon the idea of ​​​​building your own highly profitable business - you can start with a home business, since such areas do not require huge investments on the stratum. And one of the most good examples here - growing oyster mushrooms as a business. By competently organizing the process, you can quickly reach the break-even point and begin to receive high profits from the sale of healthy, tasty products.

Oyster mushroom is an edible mushroom belonging to the Oyster mushroom family. It is famous for its high content of protein, essential amino acids and minerals. Oyster mushrooms are used to prepare a variety of dishes in literally every country in the world.

Our business valuation:

Starting investments - from 50,000 rubles.

Market saturation is low.

The complexity of starting a business is 3/10.

The mushroom business, including the oyster mushroom business, has long attracted the attention of private farmers. And this is easily explained by the features that characterize this direction:

• low investment
• low labor costs
• large market,
• the absence at first of supervisory regulation by the authorities.

But no matter how simple the matter may seem, it does not hurt for an entrepreneur to draw up a business plan for growing oyster mushrooms - at least for himself, in an ordinary notebook. And since spending is not expected here, the only thing worth paying special attention to is technology, creating optimal conditions for the growth and marketing of the harvested crop.

What are the prospects for business? What should be foreseen when deciding to grow oyster mushrooms at home?

Why oyster mushroom?

in China, Europe, North America For a very long time and quite productively, local farmers have been growing and selling oyster mushrooms. These mushrooms are not only a tasty product, but also useful. According to scientific data, the substances contained in the specimens of this subspecies normalize blood pressure, reduce the level of lipids in the blood, slow down the aging of the body, remove toxins from the body. That is why oyster mushroom breeding abroad is at the peak of popularity today. For example, in Poland, for each inhabitant of the country, there is an average of 25 kg of a useful mushroom.

In Russia, things are different - industrial cultivation and we do not sell oyster mushrooms, only private farms are actively working, which cannot completely fill the market with the required amount of products. And this fact, the entrepreneur, of course, can turn to his advantage - he does not have to fight with a high level of competition. And the ban on the import of European products makes the business plan for the production of oyster mushrooms even more promising, since many wholesale buyers in Russia have lost their only suppliers.

Given that the demand for products many times exceeds supply, it is profitable to grow oyster mushrooms! This will be a great start to earn high incomes.

But in addition to the lack of competition, there are other reasons why it is worth growing oyster mushrooms:

• The technology for growing oyster mushrooms, when compared with the same champignons, is extremely simple. It does not require specific knowledge and special skills.
• These mushrooms are picky in care, and therefore, business can become a pleasant hobby - without interrupting the main activity.
• The business can be conducted without hiring workers - everything will really be handled on its own.
• Available and literally free raw materials (except mushroom mycelium) reduce the variable costs of doing business.

Inspired by this idea? Then it's time to learn how to grow oyster mushrooms with your own hands.

Mushroom cultivation technology

In order for the business to bring tangible income, and over time, the entrepreneur has a chance to expand his production, turning home business to a real mushroom farm, you should approach the matter responsibly - carefully prepare everything you need.

And the first thing to take care of is to buy mushroom mycelium. This can be done either from the same private entrepreneurs, or from specialized suppliers. The price of oyster mushroom mycelium, depending on the subspecies of the fungus, ranges from 150-300 rubles / kg. From one "portion" of seed material, you can later harvest up to 4 crops of quality products. But in addition to deciding where to buy oyster mushroom mycelium, it is necessary to decide which strains will be used in the future. There are 2 options to choose from - grain mycelium or in the form of sticks. There is no difference in their quality - the difference, perhaps, is only in convenience during further sowing. For example, for planting mycelium in bags with a substrate, it is better to use its grain form, but for taking root on stumps, seed material in the form of sticks is more suitable. In the future, you don’t even have to spend money on raw materials, since you can get oyster mushroom mycelium with your own hands.

To "sow" mushrooms 1 ton of nutrient substrate will require ≈8 kg of mycelium. And with such an amount of material, subject to the basic rules of growing mushrooms, it will be possible to collect ≈150 kg of oyster mushrooms.

When the mycelium is purchased, it remains to be decided where exactly the process will be carried out. The easiest option is to purchase ready-made mushroom blocks. But to minimize any costs, you can start without the use of special equipment. Most often, beginners start by growing oyster mushrooms in bags or on stumps, and the final product does not get worse from this. If you choose from these two methods, then it is better to give preference to the first, since in the case of stumps, the process will be seasonal. As for the premises, a variety of options are possible here - starting with a separate room in an apartment and ending with a basement in a private house. True, in a city apartment the process is much more complicated, since it will be difficult to maintain certain indicators of temperature and humidity here. But growing oyster mushrooms in the basement is the best way to contribute to obtaining a quality product.

Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps

We figured out the place of "habitat" of mushrooms. But it’s too early to start planting mycelium - you should prepare a nutrient substrate. For these purposes, ordinary straw, sawdust or sunflower seed husks are often used:

• The husks are poured into the decoction filled with 2/3 of the total volume of freshly boiled water. The mixture is brought to a boil and "cooked" over low heat for ≈40 minutes.
• The straw is preliminarily crushed and moistened for 1 hour in order to meet all the conditions for growing oyster mushrooms. After that, the material is boiled over low heat for 40 minutes.

Before using the resulting substrate (it doesn’t matter - husk, sawdust, or straw) for its intended purpose, it must be thrown onto a sieve and cooled to 20 ˚С.

So, the room for growing oyster mushrooms has been selected, and the mycelium and nutrient substrate are ready. Now you can get down to business. In short, the technology for growing oyster mushrooms at home can be divided into the following stages:

• Packaging of mycelium and substrate in bags.
• Seed incubation.
• Mushroom fruiting.
• Harvesting.

The entire production cycle is carried out in a continuous circle. When the mycelium already ceases to bear fruit, the next portion of the substrate is prepared - the process begins anew.

The packaging of the substrate and seed material is carried out as follows. First, 5-7 cm of straw or husk is placed in the bag. Then a thin layer of mycelium is poured on top. Following this order, it is necessary to fill the bag completely. On the final stage it will be necessary to make several holes in the bag for access of oxygen to the substrate. And if growing oyster mushrooms on stumps is chosen, then in the taken log, holes are cut or drilled with a drill 5-6 cm deep. Mycelium is poured here. It is better to put a thin layer of moss on top. It should be borne in mind that before sowing, the stump must be kept in water for 2-3 days to create the required level of humidity, and the process itself begins in April-May.

After planting, the grain mycelium of oyster mushroom begins to take root in the substrate. And incubation period is an important phase that will guarantee high yields and quality of harvested products. During this period, 2 conditions must be strictly observed - a certain temperature level and a complete absence of light. Even when it is necessary to check the condition of the bags, only the red light should be used. Royal oyster mushroom and other subspecies of the fungus require during this period to maintain a temperature in the region of 18-20 ˚C. The incubation phase can last up to 20 days.

As soon as mushrooms appear in the cuts made earlier in the bags, they will require other conditions of detention - high natural humidity, good ventilation and light, temperature 10-17 ˚C. Subject to all criteria, in just a week, growing oyster mushrooms on sawdust or straw will bear fruit - marketable mushrooms (cap - 40-60 mm in diameter, leg - 10-40 mm in length). And to speed up the process, you can use the following technique. Oyster mushrooms that have begun to bear fruit on stumps or in bags are transferred for a day to a dark, cold room, after which they return to a bright room again. This "shock therapy" has a great effect on the active growth of fungi.

And perhaps the most enjoyable part of the process is harvesting. To do this, all the mushrooms are carefully cut to the very surface of the bag or hemp. And you can immediately start selling oyster mushrooms to customers. Well, the substrate itself and mycelium can still be used by simply sending the bag back to the first phase - incubation. After the 4th cycle, it is better to prepare a new substrate for oyster mushrooms, since the previous one will already give poor yields.

Implementation of the collected oyster mushroom

The sale of the harvested crop should not cause any difficulties - the products are in demand on the market. And despite the fact that selling oyster mushrooms in bulk will bring much more profit, you should not ignore the private buyers found by submitting ads.

It will be difficult for home production to meet the requirements of wholesale customers at first, because they require large quantities of goods. But with the expansion of mushroom farming, it is possible to enter new sales markets, selling much more products.

You can start looking for interested customers when the oyster mushroom strains take root in the substrate - then buyers will receive the freshest products.

How and to whom to sell mushrooms?

• . The entrepreneur himself can also act as a seller here - this way you can save money. And when things go uphill, and the volumes of the harvested crop increase, it will be possible to hire several sellers who will sell mushrooms at several outlets. There are constant streams of people in local markets, and therefore, products will be sold out in a day.
• To restaurants and cafes. This is a fairly popular option among entrepreneurs, since catering uses a variety of ingredients. If there is competition in this niche, then you can offer potential customers a lower cost of oyster mushrooms.
• To the shops. This option is also quite promising. But not every store will take products from the seller for sale. And it will be especially difficult to establish business contacts with retail chains - they prefer to cooperate only with major suppliers. Yes, and grown oyster mushrooms in the country can quickly lose their presentation if they lie on the counter for a long time, which is unprofitable for stores.

If you are going to enter large markets, it is important to formalize your activities and certify products. Not a single restaurant or store will buy products without appropriate documents confirming their quality.

Profitability of the planned business and possible ways of development

If an entrepreneur can buy a good quality oyster mushroom mushroom and prepare everything necessary for mushroom growth, the business promises to be highly profitable. At first, you may have to trade in small batches of the harvested crop, but very soon you can expand your farm in order to consistently supply large batches of fresh goods to the markets.

The costs are minimal, and considering how much oyster mushrooms cost, the profit will not be long in coming. The average wholesale price of mushrooms, depending on the specific region of sale, ranges from 80-250 rubles/kg. And from 1 bag at a time you can collect up to 20 kg of mushrooms. And such bags in only one small basement can be placed up to 10 pieces. Can you imagine to what extent the economy can be expanded if using large premises?

If we consider the minimum, then in order to buy mushroom blocks of oyster mushrooms or bags, material for the substrate, mycelium and fertilizer, you will need ≈5000 rubles. Variable costs in the process of running the business will be small, since the mycelium will not need to be purchased, and the used substrate can be sold as a nutrient fertilizer, which largely offsets the costs. As practice shows, many successful entrepreneurs who earn money on growing mushrooms have a net income of 40,000-80,000 rubles per month. And this, moreover, is a relatively small-sized mushroom farms.

As the business develops, in order to facilitate the process of obtaining products, it will be possible to buy equipment for growing oyster mushrooms. These include special shelves, convenient blocks, lighting lamps, air exchange devices. And if you want to put things on stream, you should purchase equipment for the production of oyster mushrooms and their processing - drying and freezing chambers, autoclaves for sterilizing canned food. With such equipment, it is possible to organize your own mini-factory to supply the market not only with fresh mushrooms, but also with processed goods - dried or frozen oyster mushrooms. But this is a completely different matter - significant investments will be required here. However, they will quickly pay off if there are regular customers.

But while the market is unknown, you should not immediately make grandiose investments in equipping a large-scale farm. In order to test the soil in the market and understand how interesting this product is here, it is better to sow mycelium to start with 5-10 bags.

Mushrooms are always popular, regardless of the season. Some people like to collect them in the forest on their own, others prefer to buy them in shops and markets. Growing mushrooms at home or in the country can be a very profitable business. Its profitability reaches 40%, and entering the business does not require special knowledge and large investments.

What mushrooms to grow?

First of all, you need to decide which mushrooms you plan to grow. There are several cost-effective options:

• Porcini- one of the most valuable on the mushroom market. Soups, sauces, salads are prepared from it. Is in high demand. But at the same time, growing porcini mushrooms is somewhat troublesome, as they grow best in gardens near the roots of trees. When grown in greenhouses, they need to create conditions similar to natural ones.
• Oyster mushrooms- the easiest type of mushroom to grow. Requires small area for planting, and the monthly yield per square meter can reach 14 kg. The first mushrooms can be obtained in a month. Oyster mushroom enjoys in great demand, because it contains a lot of nutrients, vitamins B, PP, C and H and amino acids.
• Champignons- This type of mushroom is considered one of the most expensive. Requires compost, which is quite difficult to make at home, therefore, you will have to spend money on its purchase.

Business registration

It is necessary to obtain a number of documents that will allow you to legally sell mushrooms:

• Certificate of registration as an individual entrepreneur. OKVED code - A.01.12.31. (growing mushrooms and mycelium). ESHN should be chosen as the tax regime.
• Certificate of registration in Pension Fund and the tax office.
• Permission and certificates from SES.
• Conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor.
• radiology protocol.
• Quality certificate obtained in Rosstandart.
• Compiled and approved rules for the storage and transportation of mushrooms and products derived from them.

Please note that certificates obtained in the laboratory are valid only as long as you grow mushrooms on the same substrate. When changing the substrate, it is necessary to undergo laboratory tests again.

Room selection

Mushrooms can be grown both indoors and outdoors. The second is relevant if you plan to open a mushroom farm and get a crop all the time, and not just in the warm season. Suitable as a basement, as well as a warehouse, a greenhouse and even an ordinary living room.

Mushroom cultivation requires a dry and clean room with good ventilation. In the cold season, it is also necessary to install additional stoves or radiators to maintain the thermal regime.

It is worth paying attention to the humidity, which should reach 80-90%, depending on the type of mushroom grown. To maintain it, it is necessary to install containers filled with cold water in the room.

Despite the fact that mushrooms do not like bright light, it is still necessary to provide short-term artificial lighting. It will be needed during the ripening of the crop.

It is advisable to divide the room into several zones, based on the main stages:

1. For the preparation and storage of the substrate.
2. For planting mushrooms.
3. For sprouting mycelium.
4. For the direct cultivation and collection of mushrooms.
5. For processing and storage finished products.

The selected room must be pre-treated with a disinfectant solution and then the walls whitewashed.

Purchase of mycelium

Mycelium is a mycelium that looks like thin light threads with a thickness of 10 microns or less. After planting it, the growth of mushrooms begins. When choosing a mycelium, one should pay attention to the variety, type and timing of the ripening of mushrooms, their resistance to diseases of various kinds.

Be sure to check the expiration date of the mycelium, their color and smell. The seller must have a license for the goods.

To get started, buy a small trial batch.

Equipment

For the proper organization of a business on a mushroom farm, it is important to have such equipment and Supplies, how:

• polyethylene bags for planting mushrooms;
• refrigerator and cold rooms;
• heaters;
• humidifiers;
• racks;
• container for packing;
• harvest boxes.

Staff

If you have fixed serious production on an industrial scale, then you should get helpers. To run a mushroom farm you need:

• technologist;
• harvester and packer;
• handyman;
• Sales Manager.

The number of workers depends on the size of the farm and the amount of harvest.

How to grow white mushroom

The technology depends on where you grow mushrooms:

In an open area

First you need to prepare a special solution according to this recipe: break the cap of an adult mushroom and soak it for a day in cold water. Then, on the site, it is necessary to remove the top layer of turf directly near the trees, and pour the cleared place with an infused solution with fungal spores.

It is worth planting mushrooms in late May - early June, if you are in the southern regions, in the middle lane, planting dates fall at the end of August - early September.

To accelerate growth, you can buy mycelium of porcini mushrooms. It is planted in a small pit, about 20-30 cm deep. It is first filled with a substrate. Substrate can be:

• dry foliage of trees;
• bark;
• various kinds of nutrient mixtures.

The thickness of the layer reaches 7-10 cm. Then a second layer is laid, consisting of humus or ordinary earth, mycelium is laid on it, then another layer of nutrient mixture 3 cm thick. Then everything is sprinkled with a layer of earth 3-5 cm thick.

in the greenhouse

Seeds must be planted in boxes and placed on racks. For planting, special compost is used, consisting of:

• dry crushed straw;
• sawdust;
• sunflower husks;
• chalk or plaster in small quantities.

Chicken, cow or horse droppings can act as fertilizer. The resulting mixture is poured with hot water and infused for 2-3 weeks. During this period, the compost is shaken and watered. Then mycelium is added to the compost and laid out in boxes.

In the room it is necessary to organize subdued lighting, a high level of humidity and provide ventilation.

Oyster mushroom cultivation

There are two options for growing these mushrooms:

First option

It involves the preparation of the substrate, which includes:

• crushed and soaked straw;
• sawdust;
• fresh sunflower husk.

The mixture is crushed and poured with hot water. After cooling, it is placed in polypropylene bags. The substrate layer and the mycelium layer should be alternated. In this case, the mycelium makes up 3-5% of the total mass of the bag. The polyethylene should have holes for ventilation, about 2 cm in diameter. It is advisable to make holes every 15 cm.

The first month, the blanks are stored in a closed dark room at a humidity of 90% and a temperature of about 25 degrees. After the specified period, everything moves to a cooler place with a temperature regime of 12-18 degrees, where the mushrooms ripen.

The first mushrooms can be obtained in a few weeks, and they grow in waves. With each new wave, the amount of harvested is less.

Second option

It implies the use of wood and stumps for growing crops:

1. They take stumps of deciduous trees, preferably young ones that are not infected with other fungi. You can also use pre-treated cuts from tree trunks.
2. Stumps and cuts are infected with mycelium and kept at high humidity until they are overgrown with mycelium.
3. Then they are planted in the ground to provide constant moisture.

This method is characterized by low productivity and is used extremely rarely.

You can learn about the real experience of growing such mushrooms from the video:

Growing champignons is considered more complex process. Firstly, this is due to the fact that they require a special compost or substrate, and secondly, it is necessary to strictly observe the microclimate.

The substrate can be prepared independently. For him take:

• fresh dry straw - 12 kg;
• fresh chicken manure or cow or horse manure - 8 kg;
• gypsum or chalk - 0.5-1 kg;
• ammonium sulfate - 200-250 g.

All this is laid out in layers, then insisted for a month, watering daily, every 6-7 days it must be shaken. To determine whether the mixture is ready for planting, the absence of a characteristic ammonia smell will help. As soon as it disappears, you can sprinkle the compost with earth and plant the mycelium.

The temperature regime for champignons is at least 15 degrees, best of all - 20-25. The humidity level is within 70-80%.

The mushroom picker germinates within two weeks, and the first harvest can be obtained in 2-3 months.

Sales of mushrooms

Finished products must be sold as quickly as possible or specially processed for long-term storage. Fresh mushrooms can be sold:

• selling them to restaurants and canteens;
• deliver to markets and shops, supermarkets;
• sell to individual buyers.

Leftovers can be canned or dried.

During Lent and holidays the cost and demand for mushrooms is rising.

How much money do you need to start a business?

Here is a sample business plan for expenses:

1. Premises for rent in 40-60 sq.m. - 7,000 rubles.
2. Purchase of mycelium or mycelium - 10,000 rubles.
3. Purchase of substrate or compost - 20,000 rubles.
4. Packages at the rate of 500 pieces - 5,000 rubles.
5. Plastic boxes, 10 pieces - 1,000 rubles.
6. Equipment for organizing a microclimate - 15,000 rubles.
7. Refrigerators and cold rooms - 40,000-60,000 rubles.
8. Transportation costs - 15,000.
9. Registration and execution of all papers - 20,000 rubles.
10. Communal payments- 30,000 rubles monthly.

To open a business, on average, you will need 183,000 rubles. The exact item of expenditure depends on the volume of production and the region.

Business Pros

The main advantages of the mushroom business include:

• mushrooms are unpretentious in care and do not require constant care;
• no special training or skills required;
• use in the production of simple and affordable materials;
• high demand and stable income.

For starters, it's best to try growing mushrooms on a small scale for yourself. Once you understand the cultivation process, you can expand the mushroom farm and enter the market.

When working with mushrooms - planting, harvesting - use gauze bandages, as fungal spores can cause allergic reactions.

Video: Mushrooms - an idea for a private business

You can learn more about growing mushrooms and organizing a mushroom business from the video below:

Growing mushrooms is a fairly cost-effective and simple type of business. It does not require any special knowledge. Its profitability reaches 40%, and it pays off within a year.

Dishes from mushrooms (or with their participation) have long been favorites with housewives. Salads, hot dishes, soups, pastries, snacks - delicious and nutritious mushrooms take pride of place on festive and everyday tables. And this means that the demand for them is quite large, and the mushroom growing business can be quite profitable. You just need to study the technology in detail, think over possible options for sales markets, calculate expenses with income - and you can start developing a new business.

And to make sure this type of activity suits you, you can start with small volumes: grow the first batch in your summer cottage and test how well you understand the theory and put it into practice. And if your mushrooms were a success, you can start opening a business.

What to choose: champignons or oyster mushrooms?

Mushrooms and oyster mushrooms are easy to grow and popular with buyers. I must say that the technologies for their cultivation are similar, but there are some differences.

Most mushroom growers believe that it is more difficult to grow champignons, since this type of mushroom is more “capricious”: it requires a special nutrient medium, and the mycelium from which the mushrooms are grown must be of high quality. In this case, the costs will be higher, and comply with technological process will have to be done with the utmost care.

Oyster mushrooms in this regard are much more democratic, so it is better for a beginner to start with them. And the mushroom growing business can be mastered later.

Where is the best place to grow mushrooms?

Finding a place for a personal mushroom plantation is not so difficult: they can grow almost anywhere. Great for this basement, barn, cottage or village house, as well as abandoned agricultural or industrial buildings.

In order for the room to be ideal for the comfortable existence of mushrooms in it, the air temperature there should be from 12 to 25 degrees. Humidity is required quite high - not less than 85%. Therefore, most often mushrooms are bred in basements.

Communications will need to be brought to the room: electricity and water will be required (it must flow uninterruptedly and merge freely). Not to do without heating and ventilation.

There is no need to worry about additional air humidification: if the room is not too large, the required humidity can be achieved by regularly irrigating the bags with the substrate. But if the production is large, and its area is large enough, a humidification and air conditioning system will be required.

No special repairs will be required in the "mushroom" room: the best floor for it will be concrete, and the walls can simply be whitewashed.

The minimum area on which production can be located is 15 square meters. m. We can proceed from the fact that 3-5 blocks with a nutrient substrate are placed per meter, where mushrooms grow.

preparing the ground

Mushrooms are grown in a special substrate - straw (rye, wheat, barley), sawdust (any, except pine will do), bran, sunflower husks, chaff. You can purchase a ready-made substrate (there are farms that are specially engaged in its production). But it's pretty easy to make your own.

If you are planning a business for growing oyster mushrooms, there should not be any difficulties with the soil: it will be enough to pour straw, sawdust, husks or other raw materials with hot water and soak for several hours - the mushroom soil will be ready. It remains only to mix it with the seed and put it in large plastic bags.

With champignons, everything is somewhat more complicated: compost is required for their cultivation. You can also buy it, but you can cook it yourself: it will be much cheaper.

As a raw material, it is better to take straw from wheat. It must be dried, crushed, and then saturated with water (in a ratio of 2–2.5: 1). After that, chicken manure or ordinary manure should be added to wet straw and left for two weeks, it is important that air is provided. For maturation of compost, you can use special ventilated containers.

In properly prepared compost, champignons grow well - the harvest will be excellent.

Mushroom seedlings: how to choose

Mycelium - seed material for mushrooms - novice farmers usually purchase in large mushroom farms. When buying, you need to make sure that the quality of the mycelium is at the proper level. The seed must be even white (no spots), necessary condition- pleasant mushroom smell. Feel free to ask the seller for a license and quality certificate.

Over time, you will also be able to master the cultivation of mycelium, including for sale: this business is profitable, albeit laborious.

Process Technology

When the premises are found and equipped, the soil is prepared and you already have high-quality seed, it's time to start sowing. Compost and mycelium need to be mixed and laid in layers in special containers (you can take large plastic bags - this is the lowest budget option). We fill the bags to the top, and make holes from the bottom so that excess moisture does not accumulate.

First of all, the mycelium must germinate. The optimal conditions for this are 20–24 degrees Celsius and 60–70% humidity. The room should be dark and well ventilated.

After three days, slits are made in the bags - mushrooms will appear in them. After another two weeks, the bags will become overgrown with mycelium. This completes the first stage: now you need less heat and more moisture: 12–18 degrees and 85%. At least 12 hours a day, the room must be lit.

Mushrooms bear fruit three times - 5-7 days each with a break of approximately two weeks. The richest harvest is the first, the second and third are already smaller. When the last crop is harvested, the “mushroom bag” is thrown away, and a new one takes its place.

Income and expenses

It is difficult to classify this business as a high-cost one, however, like any other, it requires clear planning and accurate calculations, so you will definitely need a mushroom growing business plan. How much it will cost to start a business depends on many factors: the scale of production, the variety of mushrooms, the price of compost, the cost of arranging heating and ventilation, and so on. Let's calculate how much one production cycle can cost.

• Thirty tons of compost (subject to self-manufacturing): straw, litter, other. In total - 20-25 thousand rubles.
• Mycelium - 13-15 thousand rubles.
• Costs for utilities- 50 thousand rubles.
• The salary of the workers is 65 thousand rubles.
• The total will be about 150-160 thousand rubles.

Now let's calculate the income. One ton of compost yields about 200 kg of mushrooms. The price of a kilogram of champignons is about 100-120 rubles. Thus, the revenue should be about 650 thousand rubles. After deduction of expenses, 500 thousand rubles are obtained.

But here we are talking about a clean production cycle with ready-made and equipped premises. To start a mushroom growing business from scratch, you need to take care of the production area. For this you will need:

• "warm room" - for sprouting mycelium. Here you need a heating irrigation system and good ventilation;
• a cool room (with lighting, heating, ventilation) for growing mushrooms;
• transport.

If you plan to make your own compost, you will need another small room with a chopper and a pasteurizer.

To whom and how to sell products

After the harvest is harvested, it is too early to immediately go to the sellers. It is also necessary to collect all the documents necessary for the sale of a batch of mushrooms. These include:

• declaration of conformity with the state standard;
• phytosanitary certificate;
• conclusion about the radiological examination.

As for the markets, there may be several options:

• to sell mushrooms on the market on your own, it is profitable if the production volumes are small, since you can get not a retail, but a wholesale price. However, for large manufacturers, this method of selling goods is not suitable;
• make deliveries to cafes, restaurants, shops; Here you can set a good price and at the same time the volumes will be considerable. However, you will have to deal with delivery, conclude numerous contracts.
• sell mushrooms to wholesalers. The price in this case will, of course, be lower, but the process of selling the goods is simplified as much as possible.

We formalize entrepreneurship

The mushroom growing business needs to be registered legally (the private farm option is not suitable here - the requirements for mushroom and oyster mushroom producers are quite strict). It will be mandatory.

The code for this type of activity is according to A.01.12.31.

The good news is that you can choose one of the most profitable taxation regimes -.

Very often, it is the issues of selling their products, including their certification, that become a stumbling block for start-up entrepreneurs. What can be especially annoying for a person who is one step away from realizing his dream - creating a profitable environmentally friendly mushroom production. The Center for Environmental Programs is ready to provide support with the sale of finished products to anyone who wants to realize their dream!

Let's try to list all possible sales channels for mushrooms:

1. Retail- with its shops various formats comes to mind first. A mushroom grower can offer his products for sale to another entrepreneur who has his own small shop. It is also possible to rent a place in the market and sell mushrooms on your own. Large chain stores, most likely, will not let a small manufacturer on their shelves - they are interested in supply volumes from several tons.

Of course, in order to be allowed to trade in food products in our country, you need to draw up the appropriate documentation:

BUT- you need to register as individual entrepreneur or how entity;

B- have on hand legally obtained specifications on your products (they will most likely have to be bought);

AT- issue a certificate of conformity for their products at the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance;

G-provide quality certificates for each batch of products offered for sale.

2. Wholesale- it is quite possible that your offer will be of interest to a dealer at a wholesale base or the owner of a small network of vegetable stalls. In this case, losing in price, you will save time and effort.

3. Canteens, cafes, restaurants- what used to be called public catering, and now the newfangled word for ferret. Naturally, business owners Catering interested in the freshness and quality of products and of course will be happy to receive your supplies.

4. Selling through friends- you (and possibly your employees) probably have friends who love mushrooms, they have their own friends with the same tastes. By organizing trade "by appointment" and hurrying up with delivery, you will find a large number of consumers of your products.

5. Recycling- The disadvantage of all the above sales channels is the seasonality of demand. As a rule, in Russia there is a huge demand for mushrooms in winter time. Especially during holidays and fasting. In summer, demand is significantly reduced. In order not to experience interruptions in the sale of mushrooms, it is best to be able to offer them to processing industries. After all, mushrooms can be frozen, dried, pickled, salted. They are also used in the preparation of various types of cheeses, pates, dumplings, dumplings and pizzas, after all.

6. And finally, the most convenient option that insures all your risks. You can donate fresh mushrooms to our company. At the same time, you do not need to register as a legal entity or individual entrepreneur, you do not need to buy technical conditions, you do not need to certify your mushrooms, you do not need to issue a quality certificate. There is even no need to buy something from our company. We will simply accept all the mushrooms at a price of up to 120 rubles. for 1 kilogram without any problems.