Natural resources of Great Britain presentation. Presentation on the topic: Great Britain. United Kingdom Great Britain

England reveals her face not like a brightly colored map. Nothing is clearly marked, the borders are not shaded. It is the firmament of the earth, but the sun and fog give it a vague charm. As soon as the sunlight disappears, everything around becomes gray, looks gloomy and dank. As soon as the fog disappears completely, the earth appears naked in the streams of sunlight and the end of the charm comes. Such, then, is the English soul, where joy and sorrow play like light and shadows, like sun and fog. The soul, which, without this misty golden haze, completely loses its charm, revealing to us the leaden-eyed Englishman portrayed by the satirists. John B. Priestley John B. Priestley

England England England (eng. England) is the largest historical and administrative part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, officially a country in its composition, occupying the southeastern part of the large island of Great Britain, known as the English. mainland. The population of England is 83% of the total population of the UK. England became a union of the once warring counties in 927 and takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled there in the 5th and 6th centuries. The capital of England, London Big city in the UK and the European Union.

The Kingdom of England, including the Principality of Wales, was a separate state until May 1, 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. England occupies two thirds of the island of Great Britain. It borders Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The landscape of England consists mainly of sloping hills, the terrain becomes more mountainous towards the north. The mountainous and lowlands are conventionally divided along a line between the mouth of the River Tees (Teesside) in the northeast and the mouth of the River Ex (Devon) in the southwest. To the east is low-lying marshland, which has mostly been drained for agricultural use.

Administrative division of England Since 1999, England has been divided into 9 government regions (Government Office Regions): Name of the region in Russian Name of the region in English Population, thous. people (2005) North East RegionNorth East2 539 North West RegionNorth West6 805 Yorkshire and the HumberYorkshire and the Humber5 009 East MidlandsEast Midlands4 252 West MidlandsWest Midlands5 320 East RegionEast of England5 463 LondonLondon7 388 South East RegionSouth West8 080 909

The manifestation of the oceanic climate of England is instability, gusty winds and fogs. The mountains serve as a barrier to wet air in the West. Winters in England are wet and mild. The average January temperature is +4, +6. The southwest wind raises winter temperatures but brings rain and storms. East and northeast winds bring frost to England. Snow rarely falls in the south of England. Winters are colder in the eastern regions. In spring, cold northern winds blow, and there is little rain. Summer is cool. The temperature in July in the south-east of Great Britain is from +16 to +32 C. In autumn, cyclones intensify. The rains are accompanied by storms. Fogs are associated with the contrast of mixed temperatures: warm air and the cold surface of the islands. Climate

Nature Britain is the most urbanized state in the world. At the same time, the British do not tend to live in cities. Seeing, through the thick fog, the white-green line of the island, the legionnaires of Julius Caesar called it Albion (white). They marveled at the ability of English green meadows to retain their emerald freshness all year round. The nature of England is well-groomed, deserted, unstable, devoid of contrasts. Only signs "Private ownership" remind of the presence of people in these places. The landscapes of England are a compromise between nature and art. Here you rarely see both forest thickets and rows of alleys. Watching the bends of English roads, it seems that here no one wants to get from one point to another. “England's roads reflect a tendency to tweak what's already there. They do not cut through the natural pattern that time has left on the face of the earth."

London Today London is a large international center and covers an area of ​​about 625 square meters. miles. This is an amazing world that many foreign tourists first see from an airplane, marveling at the zigzag ribbon of the Thames and the beauty of numerous bridges. London has become home to 7 million people who do not live in unnamed neighborhoods, but in the former towns that made it up, in Westminster and in areas that have retained features of their provincial past - in Marylbone and Kensington, Hampstead and Highgate - where the central streets and historical monuments are reminiscent of the people who created the London that every generation discovers anew.

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The official name of the state is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; also England - by the name of one of the historical parts. Great Britain was founded on January 1, 1801, after the union of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland. This is one of the largest states in Europe, a nuclear power, a permanent member of the UN Security Council, and its capital, London, is the most important world financial and economic center.

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The UK is located in the British Isles in northwest Europe. It is washed from the west by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and from the east by the waters of the North Sea. It has land borders only with Ireland, and water borders with France, Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as Denmark, Germany, Norway, located much further. The UK EGP is both neighboring and seaside, which has a positive effect on economic development countries.

Geographical position

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The total area of ​​the UK is about 244 thousand square meters. km. It consists of four fairly independent "historical provinces" (so-called countries) with their administrative capitals: England (London), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Cardiff) and Northern Ireland (Belfast). The state is considered unitary. The official capital of Great Britain is London.

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The UK form of government is a constitutional monarchy. Legally, the monarch leads the executive branch, is the supreme commander of the British army, but in fact, as a result of changes that have taken place over many centuries, the monarchs have lost absolute power. The legislature is a bicameral Parliament, consisting of the Upper House - the House of Lords and the Lower House - the House of Commons.

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Meetings are held in the Houses of Parliament, which is one of the sights of London. The 650 members of the House of Commons are elected by British citizens once every five years, while membership in the House of Lords is hereditary in the families of hereditary nobles. Executive power belongs to the Cabinet of Ministers, which is formed by a parliamentary majority. The leading role belongs to the two largest parties - the Conservatives (Tory) and Labor (Whigs).

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The population of the UK is 63.23 million (2012). National composition: English - more than 80%, Scots - 10%, Welsh (indigenous people of Wales) - 2%, Irish - 2.5%. A significant part of the population professes Protestantism. The exception is Northern Ireland, the majority of whose inhabitants are Catholics. Northern Ireland is a place of constant conflicts on religious and national grounds

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Since 1921, about 40% of the population has lived in the largest urban agglomerations with centers in London, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds and Liverpool. The rate of urbanization in the UK is 91%. The proportion of the rural population is very small. In recent years, there has been a significant influx of population from developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

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Metallurgy in the UK is one of the most developed industries. The first place in terms of the number of employment belongs to ferrous metallurgy, the rest falls on non-ferrous metallurgy. The main centers of steel and iron production are Cardiff and Swansea (Wales), Leeds (England). Aluminum smelters are located mainly in Scotland and Wales.

Metallurgy

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Engineering is one of the leading industries in the UK. It includes many directions, each of which is characterized by its location. High-tech engineering (aeronautics, electronics) is located mainly in the London area, machine tool industry in Birmingham, shipbuilding in Glasgow, and textile engineering in Manchester.

mechanical engineering

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The main sources of energy are coal, oil and natural gas. The main coal mining areas are Cardiff, South Wales and Central England. The main oil refineries are located in Southampton, Cheshire, Yorkshire. Numerous hydroelectric power plants are located in the mountainous regions of Scotland and Wales, and thermal power plants are located in coal mining areas. The share of nuclear power plants is small, although in recent years there has been an increase in their construction.

Fuel and energy industry

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The chemical industry is concentrated mainly in Birmingham and Middlesbrough. This is mainly the production of plastics, detergents and disinfectants, dyes, fertilizers. The UK is one of largest exporters dyes in the world. High level development of the pharmaceutical industry.

Chemical industry

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Main development areas light industry are Lancashire, Yorkshire, Liverpool, Manchester. The production of woolen fabrics is concentrated on the Isle of Lewis. The production of knitwear is concentrated in Scotland, and the production of linen fabrics is concentrated in Northern Ireland. The factories involved in leather production are located mainly in Lancashire, Yorkshire, and the outskirts of London. The UK clothing industry is the largest in Europe, with London, Leeds and Manchester as its main centers.

Light industry

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There is a very high consumption of bakery and confectionery, chocolate and cocoa. More than 2/3 of all bread is produced in automated bakeries. Smaller bakeries produce a variety of cookies, cakes and muffins. The UK also specializes in the production of fruit jams and ready-made fruit fillings for pies. Annually Among the meat products, the production of ham and bacon prevails.

food industry

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The UK is characterized by a temperate and rather humid climate with small temperature fluctuations throughout the year, which creates favorable conditions for the development of agriculture. Rural lands are occupied by pastures and agricultural crops - potatoes, sugar beets, wheat, barley, oats. In the south of Britain, in the Dover region, there are a few orchards. The production of natural milk is widely demanded. Dairy cattle are predominantly bred in the southwest of England. In the mountains of Scotland, special breeds of highland cattle are bred; pig breeding is especially developed in the eastern regions of England. Up to 30% of pork is used to make bacon, and the rest goes to the production of meat products. Developed fishing.

Agriculture

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Contents Geographic location General information London is the capital of England Relief Climate of Great Britain Rivers and lakes 6.1. River Thames 6.2 Lake District National Park UK Vegetation Animal world Minerals Industry of Great Britain Agriculture Population of England Government 13.1. Interesting Facts about Elizabeth II 13.2. Children of Queen Elizabeth II Some Traditions of England 15-16. Landmarks of London England - the birthplace of football

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1. Geographical position Great Britain occupies: British Isles; Northeast of the island of Ireland; Channel Islands; many small islands. Great Britain is washed by: the Atlantic Ocean; the North Sea; Straits of the English Channel and Pas-de-Calais; Irish Sea; Strait of Saint George.

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2. General information The total area of ​​the United Kingdom is 243,610 square kilometers. Of these: the territory of England - 130,410 sq. km., Scotland - 78,772 sq. km. km., Wales - 20,758 sq. km., Northern Ireland - 13,843 sq. km. The population of Great Britain in 2011 was 63,181,775 people, of which 92% of the population are indigenous. In the country, the birth rate exceeds the death rate (population growth - 0.279%).

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3. London - the capital of England The area of ​​London is 1706.8 km2. With a population of 8.2 million, the UK capital is the largest city in the European Union and 16th in the world. The zero meridian passes through the capital, which is called the Greenwich Meridian. Cars in London drive on the left side of the street. There are almost never traffic jams in the city center - all because the entrance to the center of the capital is paid. On average, about half of the people on the central streets of the capital of Great Britain are tourists. Becoming a taxi driver in London is very difficult - there are more than 1000 streets in the city, and every taxi driver should know them by heart. To do this, drivers are trained in courses for 3 years. The height of the famous London Eye is 135 meters - it is the third largest Ferris wheel in the world. A full rotation of the Ferris wheel is 30 minutes.

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4. Relief There are many National Parks in the UK, which are created to preserve the unique nature and ecology of the country. The most famous of them are: the Lake District, Dartmoor, Loch Lomond, Exmoor and others. Mount Snowdon (1085 m) Name Location Landform "Low Britain" South and south-east of the country Hilly: small uplands, lowlands, several mountainous areas "High Britain" North and West of the country, including Ireland Mountainous landform: Cumberland mountains; the Pennines; The limestone hills of Exmoor and Dartmoor; North Scottish Highlands Cambrian Mountains.

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5. The climate of Great Britain The climate is temperate oceanic, humid. Average temperatures in January are from 3 to 7 C, in July 11-17 C. Summer temperatures rarely rise above 29°C or fall below -7°C on winter nights. In the mountains, frost and snow are a constant phenomenon, but in the lowlands, in a normal winter, temperatures below 0 ° C stay only 30-60 days a year, and snow - only 10-15 days. Cool air comes from the Atlantic Ocean in summer, and warm air in winter, so the climate of England is mild. In England, rather overcast weather prevails, since most of the precipitation falls in the form of constantly drizzling rains, not showers, and the sun does not show on many days of the year. Wet damp fog is recorded in London on average 45 days a year, mainly in January and February. Palace of Westminster in the fog

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6. Rivers and lakes Great Britain is rich in water resources; a dense network of full-flowing rivers is developed on its territory. The largest rivers in Great Britain are the Severn (354 km) and the Thames (338 km). The main rivers of England are the Thames, the Severn, the Tyne. The main rivers of Scotland are the Clyde, the Tay, the Force, the Tweed, the Dee and the Spey. The main rivers of Northern Ireland are the Foyle, the Upper Ban and the Lower Ban. The largest lakes in Great Britain are Loch Neagh (about 400 sq. km) in northern Ireland, as well as Loch Lomond and Loch Ness in Scotland. Numerous lakes of Highland Scotland and the Lake Circle are very picturesque, which attracts tourists and tourists. There are no large lakes in the flat part of Great Britain, but there are many artificial reservoirs created on the site of former peat extraction, sand and gravel pits.

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6.1. River Thames The Thames is the longest river in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom. The river flows through London, the capital of the United Kingdom. There are various types of birds, some of which can be found both on water and on land. These are mainly great cormorants, black-headed and herring gulls. Mute swans on the river are a common sight, you can meet black swans on the run, but very rarely. There are more than 80 islands and areas with both fresh and salty sea water on the Thames. Every year a swan census ceremony is held, an old tradition of counting the number of swan families. River Thames, London

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6.2. Lake District National Park The Lake District National Park is a nature reserve in the mountainous region of North West England, in the county of Cumbria. Founded in 1951. In the Lake District there are 16 large lakes and many small ones, there are rivers, streams, waterfalls and ponds. Fishing is prohibited here. Today, the villages of the county meet tourists, treat them with beer, accommodate them in cozy hotels and offer excursions. In ancient times, the inhabitants of these places traded sheep's wool, later graphite was mined here. You can learn more about the history of this region at the Cumberland Pencil Museum. Castlerigg Ring of Stone, Lake District Lake District

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7. Vegetation of the UK The UK is characterized by a cultural landscape (cultural means formed as a result of human activity). Natural vegetation is preserved only in mountainous areas. Today, only 9% of the UK is forested. There are a lot of fields, meadows, small forest areas and parks. The forests are dominated by broad-leaved species (oak, hornbeam, elm, beech) and only in Scotland - pine. spray. The west coast is almost devoid of vegetation due to the impact of winds with salty sea spray. Levens Garden, Cumbria, England

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Kingfishers are small birds with bright plumage. They feed on small fish. 8. Fauna There are about 30 thousand species of animals in Great Britain. Of the 200 species of birds, the most common are sparrows, finches, starlings, crows, kingfishers, robins, and tits. You can also meet nightingales, partridges and pigeons. Most of the birds arrive from neighboring countries. Among the representatives of the fauna live deer, black rats, foxes, ferrets, rabbits, hares, badgers, red squirrels, otters, mink, roe deer and others. There are only four species of reptiles in all the British Isles, and even then in England they are quite rare. The rivers are mostly inhabited by salmon and trout. Due to the severe pollution of the rivers of Great Britain, the volumes of the fishing industry are very small.

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9. Minerals There are not so many valuable natural resources in the UK. It is especially rich in coal, the total reserves of which are 189 billion tons. The largest reserves and production are three basins: Yorkshire (southeastern slope of the Pennines), Northumberland (northeast of the Pennines) and South Wales (southern slope of the Cambrian Mountains). ). Currently the role hard coal is no longer so great, its production has decreased, the best layers have been worked out, the use of deep mines has become unprofitable. In the 1960s, oil and gas fields were discovered in the North Sea shelf. Large deposits are located off the coast of southeast England and northeast Scotland. In addition to large energy resources, Great Britain has significant reserves of iron ore. As for other minerals, there is a large deposit of kaolin in Cornwall, also rock salt in Cheshire and Durham, potash salt in Yorkshire, and some non-ferrous metals in very small quantities. Uranium ore found in Scotland.

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10. UK industry Great Britain is an economically developed country, one of the seven most highly developed world powers. UK industry: mechanical engineering, aircraft building, shipbuilding; tobacco and food industry(famous Scotch whiskey, gin, milk, etc.); paper and printing industries, light industry; pharmaceutical industry; chemical, timber, furniture, rubber industries and others. Rolls-Royce Ghost 2013 UK is the 8th largest car manufacturer in the world. The most famous brands are Jaguar, Rolls Royce, Aston Martin, Bentley and Land Rover.

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11. Agriculture in the UK agriculture less than 2% of the population is employed. At the same time, the country fully provides itself with the necessary products (except for sugar and cheese, which are imported). the state pays extra to people who are employed in the agro-industrial complex; in the country minimum prices on domestic goods and introduced duties on imports; farmers are compensated for unused land; beef and mutton producers are specially paid extra to make their product competitive on the European market. Among the cereals, wheat, oats, and rye are important. A significant part of the cereals goes to the production of bread, cereals, etc. In animal husbandry, the most important cattle. Grazing, England

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12. The population of England Great Britain is a densely populated country. Only in the mountains of Scotland there is a small population. 80% of the population lives in cities. The level of urbanization in the country is one of the highest in the world. 4/5 of all inhabitants of the UK are now British. Their official language is English. The official church in England is the Anglican Church, which has 26 million parishioners. The official Scottish Church unites 1 million believers. Other Protestant churches, of which the Methodist is the largest, have 1.6 million believers. There are also adherents of the Roman Catholic Church and Muslims.

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13. State structure Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. The head of state is the king (queen). The monarch authorizes bills, enjoys the right to pardon, bestows titles and ranks, but has only nominal power. supreme body legislative power - parliament, consisting of the House of Commons (630 deputies) and the House of Lords (1000 secular and spiritual peers). The highest body of executive power is the Cabinet of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister. The Queen of Great Britain - Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh - her husband Administratively, England is one of 4 administrative and political parts (historical provinces): it has 39 counties, 6 metropolitan counties and Greater London.

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13.1. Interesting facts about Elizabeth II The marriage of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh took place on November 20, 1947 at Westminster Abbey. The Queen has an extensive collection of jewelry, most of which are royal regalia (crowns, scepters). The rest of the jewels the queen received as an inheritance or as a gift. During the years of her reign, the Queen of England had more than 30 Corgi dogs. The Queen currently has five Corgis. The Queen developed a new breed of dog known as the Dorgi. Elizabeth II is fond of horse breeding. Each season, approximately 25 royal racehorses are trained for competition. Corgi dog

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14. Some traditions of England Traditional English tea drinking. To conduct an English tea ceremony, you need a specially served tea table, tea, snacks for tea and a special mood. Changing of the guard ceremony. This free theatrical performance can be seen at Buckingham Palace and several other places in London. The changing of the guard to the sound of an orchestra at Buckingham Palace consists of replacing the old guard with a new one. The ceremony lasts 45 minutes. Receptions in the royal garden. Every summer there are at least three receptions at Buckingham Palace and one at Holyroodhouse Palace. More than 30,000 people attend receptions in the Royal Garden every year. Ceremony of the Keys. Every night, the chief jailer of the Tower of London (beefeater) performs the rite of locking the gates of the Tower of London. All gates must be locked at exactly 21:53. After that, the staff trumpeter of the Tower blows the all-clear and the ceremony ends. To see this ceremony, you need to pre-register 6-8 weeks in advance, since the number of participants is limited.

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15. Sights of London Collegiate Church of St. Peter in Westminster, the traditional place of the coronation of the monarchs of Great Britain and the burial places of the monarchs of England. From the 11th century, the oldest part of the abbey has been preserved - passages and a chapel under the dormitory. The premises of the ancient treasury also survived - heavy vaults on thick columns, chests where jewelry was stored and a high vaulted entrance. Buckingham Palace is the working office of the monarchy. Many royal ceremonies begin here. When the Queen is in the palace, the royal flag is flown on the roof. In summer, the palace is visited by about 30,000 guests who take part in receptions in the royal garden. Buckingham Palace Westminster Abbey

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16. Sights of London Over its more than 900-year history, the Tower of London has been a fortress, a palace, a prison, a repository of royal jewels, an observatory, and a mint. Today's Tower has retained its traditional features. On its territory are the Treasury of the British Crown, a medieval palace, Martin's tower, the Fusiliers Museum and Tower Meadow. At the Madame Tussauds Wax Museum you can see representatives of the royal family, pop stars, outstanding scientists and military leaders and many other "twins" of famous people. Museum founder Marie Grosholz. Madame Tussauds Museum Tower of London

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17. England is the birthplace of football Long time playing football was considered a pagan pastime and frowned upon by the church. In 1314, King Edward II banned "big ball madness" by decree. The next two centuries of ball games and their participants were persecuted. "Amnesty" was followed only in 1603 by Queen Elizabeth I. Football became an integral part of the festivities on Maslenitsa and Easter. These days, the inhabitants of the English villages arranged a kind of football. The game took place in all the streets and squares of the village, not obeying any rules. On October 26, 1863, the captains of the teams gathered in the London pub "Freeman Tavern" and made an attempt to develop uniform rules for playing big football. A month later, one of the members of the "Association of Football" published a book called "Description of the game of football." It sets out the basic rules that formed the basis of modern football. To date, the most famous football clubs are Liverpool, Chelsea, Arsenal, Manchester United and others.

2 Contents Map of Great Britain Map of Great Britain Map of Great Britain Map of Great Britain GENERAL INFORMATION GENERAL INFORMATION GENERAL INFORMATION Great Britain - an amazing country Great Britain - an amazing country Great Britain - an amazing country Great Britain - an amazing country Geographical position Geographical position Geographical position Geographical position , Northern Ireland) UK AREAS (England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland precipitation, Relief, Minerals, Forest resources, Biological resources) Assessment of natural conditions and resources (Climate and precipitation, Relief, Minerals, Forest resources, Biological resources) Assessment of natural conditions and resources Climate and precipitation Relief Minerals Forest resources Biological resources Assessment of natural conditions and resources Climate and precipitation Relief Minerals Forest resources Biological resources general characteristics economy (Industry, Agriculture, Services, Transport and foreign economic relations) General characteristics of the economy (Industry, Agriculture, Services, Transport and foreign economic relations) General characteristics of the economy Industry Agriculture Services Transport and foreign economic relations General characteristics of the economy Industry Agriculture Services Transport and foreign economic relations London - the capital of the state London - the capital of the state London - the capital of the state London - the capital of the state Development of the regional economy Development of the regional economy Development of the regional economy Development of the regional economy

4 GENERAL INFORMATION United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Area - 244.7 thousand km 2 Capital - London Population - 59.5 million people 80% - British, 15% - Scots, Welsh (or Welsh) and Irish Most believers are Protestants The largest cities are Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds, Edinburgh, Belfast. Official language - English Form of government - Monarchy Currency - Pound sterling

6 Great Britain - an amazing country The British pride themselves on being markedly different from any other nation in the world. They still practice strange customs such as driving on the left or playing cricket. Logic is not the most prominent feature of the British character. But this proud nation is friendly to tourists. She is happy to show others that she is the most civilized nation in the world.

7 Geographical position Great Britain - an island on which England, Scotland and Wales are located, forms, together with many small islands, an irregularly shaped archipelago with a very diverse landscape and nature. Area of ​​Great Britain The area of ​​Great Britain is about sq. km. Most of it is land, and the rest is rivers and lakes. The distance from the south coast of England to the northernmost point of Scotland is 960 km, and between the east coast of England and western Wales km.

8 Geographical position Initially, Great Britain was part of the European mainland, but the melting of glaciers after the ice age led to a rise in sea levels, and the country was separated from the continent by the English Channel .. The land of Great Britain can be divided into highlands and lowlands. Mountains and uplands are found mainly in the north and west.

9 England England (pop. 48.2 million) consists mainly of rolling or flat lowland areas. Low hills stretch across most of the country, interspersed with lowlands and plains. The population is concentrated mainly around large cities: London and in general in the south-east of England.

10 Wales Wales (population - 2.9 million) is a mountainous country with mountains and hills stretching throughout the territory, often breaking off into deep valleys created by riverbeds. The lowlands are bounded by narrow coastal belts and river valleys in south Wales.

11 Scotland Scotland (pop. 5.1 million) can be divided into three main parts. The first part is the northwestern and central mountains, together with a large number of islands. The second part is the central lowlands, the third part is the southern uplands, which include a series of hills extending to the border with England.

12 Northern Ireland Northern Ireland (population - 1.6 million) is only 21 km from the Scottish coast, which caused the migration of peoples. It borders the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. In the north there is a mountainous coast, in the center, towards the south, a fertile valley, and mountains in the west, northeast and southeast.

14 Population In the history of the British Isles there was a process of formation of three different ethnic communities - the English, the Scots and the Welsh. three different ethnic communities three different ethnic communities The dominant and most numerous group of the population of Great Britain is the British. English language belongs to the northwestern group of Germanic languages. The UK is one of the most densely populated and highly urbanized countries in the world. On average, per 1 sq. km. its area accounts for 230 people. The UK is one of the most densely populated and highly urbanized countries in the world. On average, per 1 sq. km. its area accounts for 230 people. However, the distribution of the population across the country is very uneven. The main part of the inhabitants of Great Britain is concentrated in England.

16 Assessment of natural conditions and resources The raw material resources of the UK proper are relatively small. These are coal, iron ore, nonferrous metals, oil, rock salt (deposits are of great industrial importance), oil shale, and kaolin. A significant part of the raw materials consumed and processed in the country is imported from abroad.

17 Climate and Precipitation The relatively small size of the country and the almost universal influence of warm seas and westerly winds means that extreme temperature contrasts do not occur throughout the UK. The climate is mostly temperate. Temperatures rarely reach 32°C in summer or fall below -10°C in winter. The total average rainfall is over 40 inches (1100 mm) per year. March to June is the driest period, September to January is the rainiest. Fronts low pressure can cause very different weather. The overall average rainfall is over 40 inches (1,100 mm) per year. March to June is the driest period, September to January is the rainiest. Low pressure fronts can cause very variable weather.

18 Relief 1. Great Britain is divided into two main areas according to the nature of the relief: 1. High Britain. It is confined to the northwestern part of the country, Low Britain. There are no high mountains in it. The longest river Severn has a length of 338 km. It originates in the mountains of Wales and flows into Bristol Bay. The River Thames (336 km) is the main river on the east coast. It crosses the densely populated areas of southeast England.

19 Minerals There are not so many valuable natural resources in the UK: lead and zinc. Quite a lot of other resources, such as chalk, lime, clay, sand, gypsum. There are not so many valuable natural resources in the UK: lead and zinc. Quite a lot of other resources, such as chalk, lime, clay, sand, gypsum. Despite the poverty of minerals, the UK has significant oil reserves. North Sea oil is light, suitable for the production of gasoline, kerosene. Despite the poverty of minerals, the UK has significant oil reserves. North Sea oil is light, suitable for the production of gasoline, kerosene.

20 Forest Resources The natural vegetation of the British Isles is deciduous forests, mainly oak forests. The largest forests can be found in northeast Scotland and Wales. Glades and wasteland occupy approximately a quarter of the entire territory of the United Kingdom.

21 Biological resources The British Isles are an ornithologist's paradise. About 200 species of birds can be found in the UK. The most numerous species are sparrow, rook, chaffinch and starling. There are many British rivers once famous for their salmon, trout, roach, perch, pike and grayling. The shores of the North Sea have been the largest fishing grounds in Europe for centuries.

22 General characteristics of the economy Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country, which acts as a supplier of industrial products in the international division of labor. At the same time, the economic role of Great Britain in the modern world is defined as banking, insurance, ship-freight and other commercial activities.

23 Industry The most important sectors of industry are mechanical engineering, food industry (including the production of non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages), tobacco and chemical industries, paper and printing industries, and light industry.

24 Agriculture The UK stands out in agriculture among European countries in that less than two per cent of its population is employed in this sector of the economy. The most important cereals are wheat, oats, rye. A significant part of the cereals goes to feed livestock, the rest goes to the production of bread, cereals, etc. In animal husbandry, cattle are the most important. In animal husbandry, cattle are the most important.

25 Services The most notable feature of the UK economy has been the growth of the service sector. It reflects the increase in real incomes of the population, as well as the ratio between spending on goods and services. Representatives of the financial sector, the entertainment and tourism sectors especially benefited. Representatives of the financial sector, the entertainment and tourism sectors especially benefited. Recently, the UK has also been actively developing the education sector. foreign languages, especially English, Intermediate and higher education by attracting international students.

26 Transport and foreign economic relations Great Britain is an island state, all its external transportation and trade are connected with sea and air transport, moreover, about 9/10 of the total cargo turnover is accounted for by sea transport. Great Britain is connected to the continent by a tunnel under the English Channel and numerous sea, car and passenger ferries. Great Britain is connected to the continent by a tunnel under the English Channel and numerous sea, car and passenger ferries. In domestic freight transport road transport plays the most important role.

27 Participation in integrations European Union European Union Britain's participation in the European Union helped offset the effects of the downturn in the British economy after the secession of the colonies. Now the UK sees the present and future of its economy in the European market. FAO FAO UN UN UNESCO UNESCO

28 London - the capital of the state London The capital of Great Britain and the center of the south-eastern part of England - London is one of the most ancient cities in the country. London consists of three historical parts: the City, Westminster and the West End. London was founded in 43 AD. on the north bank of the River Thames by the Roman conquerors, who named it Londinium. Although London remains today one of the world's major commercial and financial centers, the fastest growing industry is tourism. Approximately 20 million tourists visit London every year.

29 Development of the regional economy One of the important tasks of regional policy is to help create links between various sectors of the economy. England Measures to boost entrepreneurship in England include: Measures to boost entrepreneurship in England include: encouraging innovation and the use of new technologies; encouraging innovation and the use of new technologies; providing enterprises with finance, including the creation of local aid funds small companies providing enterprises with finance, including the creation of local funds to help small companies with the prospect of growth; the prospect of growth; encouraging domestic investment; encouraging domestic investment; encouraging the strategic use of funds European Union. encouraging the strategic use of European Union funds.

30 Regional Policy Scotland In Scotland, the focus is on the link between the education system and the economic sector. Scotland's regional policy measures include: encouraging efficient production and competitiveness; attracting domestic investment and encouraging exports; financial support for new businesses and assistance in expanding existing ones; improvement environment; increasing the number of jobs and improving the skills of employees.

31 Regional Policy Wales The objectives of regional economic policy in Wales are to further the economic and social development, promoting efficient production and international competitiveness, improving the environmental situation. Northern Ireland Support for regional entrepreneurship in Northern Ireland includes: Support for regional entrepreneurship in Northern Ireland includes: attracting foreign investment and developing medium-sized businesses; attraction of foreign investments and development of medium business; small business development; small business development; advice and assistance to companies, including assistance in the transition to new technologies; advice and assistance to companies, including assistance in the transition to new technologies; advanced training of managerial personnel. advanced training of managerial personnel.

United Kingdom

Great Britain is an island state in northern Europe, located in the British Isles. UK amazing story- originally inhabited by Celtic tribes, it went from a remote Roman province to the mighty British Empire, shrinking in the middle of the twentieth century almost to its original size, while not losing either its influence on the world stage or the respect of the world community.

256,000 sq. km UK area

Capital London

Population 62,008,000 Population growth, per year: 0.28% Average life expectancy, years: male. 76, female 81 Population density, person/km2: 254.03 Official language: English

Regions England is divided into 9 regions. These include Greater London, South East, South West, North West and North East England, West Midlands, East Midlands, Yorkshire and the Humber, and East Anglia

Greater London

South East England

South West England

West Midlands

North West England

North East England

Yorkshire and the Humber

East Midlands

East England

Climate of Great Britain Great Britain has a temperate oceanic climate with a lot of rain throughout the year. Temperatures vary seasonally but rarely fall below -11°C or rise above 35°C. The main winds come from the southwest and often bring cold and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean, but the eastern parts of the country are mostly protected from these winds , and since most of the precipitation falls in the western regions, the eastern ones are the driest. The Atlantic currents, heated by the Gulf Stream, bring mild winters, with occasional snowfalls in winter and early spring, although the snow usually does not last long.

MINERALS In the course of the complex geological history of the islands, a variety of minerals have formed in their bowels. Almost all known minerals are found there, except for diamonds. Particularly rich are the coal deposits in the Peniny, on the Mid-Scottish Lowland, in the foothills of South Wales, whose industrial reserves amount to 4 billion tons. The largest iron ore deposit is in the East Midlands: 60% of all reserves are concentrated here. Significant reserves of rock and potash salts found in Cheshire and Durham.

AGRICULTURE Only about 3% of the country's working population is employed in agriculture in the UK. Great Britain produces more than half of the agricultural products consumed by its population. The demand for barley, oats, potatoes, poultry, pork, eggs and fresh milk. However, many important UK products have to be imported from other countries. They import 4/5 of butter, 2/3 of sugar, half of wheat and bacon, 1/4 of the beef and veal consumed in the country.

INDUSTRY. The UK industry provides 1/3 of the gross national product, it accounts for 1/3 of all employees. It uses mainly imported raw materials and is increasingly oriented towards foreign market. The main branch of the mining industry in Great Britain is coal mining. Oil became an increasingly serious competitor to coal. In addition, improved methods of using the coal itself. All this led to a decrease in its consumption. The use of natural gas, new methods of steel smelting and the electrification of transport have led to an even greater reduction in the consumption of this type of fuel.

Great Britain is the world's second largest supplier and exporter of kaolin (the white clay used to make porcelain); other types of clay for the ceramic industry are also mined here on a very large scale. The UK is fully self-sufficient in electricity. 86% of electricity is produced by thermal power plants, 12% by nuclear and 2% by hydroelectric power plants. British non-ferrous metallurgy is one of the largest in Europe. It works almost entirely on imported raw materials, so the smelting of non-ferrous metals gravitates towards port cities. In the largest branch of British industry - engineering, 1/4 of all those employed in the manufacturing industry work. Transport engineering dominates.