Social support of citizens in the form of services. Social protection of the population. Types of social services

The data in the article is current as of November 2018.

Payments at the birth of a child in Moscow and the Moscow Region

The appearance of a small child in the family is associated with serious material costs. They are partly compensated from the budgets of various levels depending on the region of residence. in Moscow, it can be issued by any of the parents, and in their absence - by adoptive parents or guardians.

To qualify for a federal payment, you must within six months after birth, apply at the place of work (or service) to those who officially carry out labor activities. Unemployed and students should apply at My Documents. To apply in 2019 in Moscow at the place of work, the following documents will be required:

• Application for payment.
• Birth certificate plus a certificate from the registry office, which is issued to parents when it is issued.
• If there is only one parent, a document will be required - the basis for the absence of the second parent. This may be a certificate of divorce or death, a court decision.
• Certificate stating that the other parent did not apply for benefits in his own name. It should be taken either at the place of his work, or in the social security authorities, if the second parent is not officially employed.

When both parents do not have official employment, the My Documents center should provide:

• General passports of both parents (adoptive parents, guardians).
• Account number in the bank and details of the credit institution itself. They will be needed to transfer benefits.
• A document that records information about the last place of work ( employment history, military ID). If by the time the application was made, the applicant had not yet worked anywhere, then an appropriate note should be made in the text.
• Documents that can confirm the presence of older children in the family.

In some cases, additional documents may be required from applicants if they are individual entrepreneurs or are engaged in private practice (for example, a certificate from the FSS and title documents).

For consideration of the application and adoption of a decision on it, the law provides 10 days. Cash payment must be made no later than the 26th the month following the date of the application.

The amount of the payment for all children born before 31 Jan. 2018 is RUB 16,350 33 kop. If two or more children were born in the family, then the indicated amount charged for each.

For each child born in 2018, a regional payment is also provided in Moscow. Its size for the first child is 5 500 rub., and on the second and subsequent 14 500 rub. If three or more children are born in a family at the same time, then it is entitled to an additional 50 000 rub.

What will be the child benefit in Moscow and the Moscow region in 2019 will become known after January 1.

Parents are eligible for monthly payments until they reach the last one. If it is issued at the place of work, then it is 40% of average annual earnings. The same rule applies to persons dismissed due to the liquidation of the enterprise. At the same time, the amount received cannot exceed in 2018 RUB 24,536 57 kopecks. For non-working citizens, the amount of the allowance will be 3 142 rub. 33 kop. for the first child and RUB 6,284 65 kop.- for the second and subsequent children.

There is also a child care allowance. Its size is 50 rub. per month. Any member of the family who is on parental leave has the right to issue it.

There are also benefits for a young family in Moscow in 2019. Those are considered to be those in which both spouses did not reach for the period of the birth of the child 30 years of age. Plus, at least one of them must have Russian citizenship and permanent registration in Moscow. Its size is measured in the subsistence level of the region. For the second quarter of 2018, the living wage in Moscow is 16 463 rubles.

• For the first child - five times the subsistence minimum in the capital 16 463*5= 82 315 rubles.
• For the second child - seven times the value of 16 463 * 7 \u003d 115 241 rubles.
• For the third and subsequent children - ten times the value of 16 463 * 10 \u003d 164 630 rubles.

The amount of the living wage is taken on the birthday of the child.

Benefits for large families in Moscow in 2019

On the territory of the capital, all all-Russian rules for determining. It will be considered as such if it was born and brought up 3 or more children including adopted ones. Benefits are due to such families until the moment when the youngest of the children will not be 16 years old. Provided that he is studying in an educational structure under 18.

• Possibility of free travel on the city public transport.
• The right to open a family kindergarten if desired.
• Possibility to park for free in the city.

Large families are provided with the following:

	From 3 to 4 children in a family.	From 5 children in a family.	10 or more children in a family.
Monthly food allowance for children under 3 years old.	675 rub.	675 rub.	675 rub.
Monthly payment to offset rising cost of living.	1 200 rub.	1 500 rub.
Monthly payment for services Housing and communal services.	RUB 1,044	2 088 rub.
Monthly payment for paying for city telephone services.	250 rub.	250 rub.
Annual payment for the purchase of sets of student clothing.	10 000 rub. for every child.	10 000 rub.
Monthly payment for the purchase of children's goods.		1 800 rub.
Amount for a family with 10 children.			1 500 rub. per month.
Mother compensation.			20 000 rub. per month.
Payment for Family Day.
Payment for the Day of Knowledge.

In addition, each large family retains the right to other payments for childbirth and childcare.

Payment to low-income families in 2019

According to Russian legislation, one is recognized in which each of its members has a monthly amount that is less than the subsistence minimum. In Q2 2018 in Moscow it is 16 463 rubles. For calculations it is necessary to use all items of income for the last 3 months. Only family members living in jointly.

The capital provides the following support for low-income families:

• Providing free legal advice and assistance. A list of lawyers can be found on the website of the Moscow Department of Social Protection and Population.
• Getting address social assistance. It can be clothing, food and material. Please contact the center social service or social assistance to the family.
• Subsidies for utility bills.
• State scholarship for children studying full-time at budgetary basis. To receive it, you need to issue a certificate through My Documents and submit it to the place of study.

Payments for children to low-income families in 2018, Moscow provides the following:

• 10 000 rub. for children from birth to 3 years of age.
• 4 000 rub. for children from 3 to 18 years old.
• 15 000 rub. for a child under 3 years old, if one of the parents is hiding from alimony or is serving in the Armed Forces.
• 6 000 rub. for a child from 3 to 18 years old, provided that one of the parents does not transfer child support or is serving in the army.

Documents for financial assistance are submitted through My Documents. The issue is being resolved within 1 month.

Benefits for single mothers in Moscow

Benefits and allowances for families with disabilities

Families in which they are brought up may qualify for additional assistance in Moscow. They receive the following payments from the federal budget:

• Social pension.
• Monthly payment.
• Monthly allowance for the care of a disabled child.

In addition to them, the following benefits are provided in the capital:

• Monthly child allowance. You can get it until he is 18 years old. A prerequisite is the status of a low-income family. For children under 3 years old 10 000 rub., from 3 to 18 years old - 4 000 rub.
• Monthly payment for products. Relies exclusively up to 3 years. Its size is 675 rub.
• Monthly compensation to a person caring for a disabled child is equal to 12 000 rub.
• The monthly payment to disabled children who have lost their breadwinner is 1 450 RUB.

If there are parents with disabilities in the family. In this case, they can count on the following types of social support:

• Monthly allowance per child under the age of majority for parents (or single parent) who have 1 and disability is 12 000 rub.
• The monthly allowance for children under the age of majority is 10 000 rub.- for children under 3 years old. And 4 000 rub.- from 3 to 18 years old. The condition for obtaining it is the presence of a disability in the parent (also taken into account) and the status of a low-income family.
• Monthly compensation for the increase in the cost of living for children under 1.5 years old is 600 rub.

Benefits for disabled people of the 2nd group in Moscow, as well as for the third group, are issued through My Documents. They include:

• Free travel on public city transport. Only for the visually impaired of groups 1 and 2.
• Social taxi services for those registered with the All-Russian Society of the Disabled.
• Opportunity to receive an escort service when traveling in the subway. To apply for it, you need to leave an application 3 hours before the intended trip.

For disabled children in Moscow, there are special training programs and the opportunity free admission a number of sports sections. The list and schedule of their work can be found on the official website of the mayor of the capital.

Social support for military families in Moscow

According to Federal Law No. 76 The following persons are recognized as family members of a serviceman:

• official spouse.
• Minor children.
• Disabled children of any age (if the status of a disabled person was assigned to them medical commission before the age of 18).
• Children under 23 if they are in full-time education.
• All persons who are recognized as dependents of a military member.

• Cash compensation for the installation of a landline phone.
• Compensation for payment of housing and communal services (for electricity and rent).
• Monthly allowance for minor children, if their parents died in the performance of military service - RUB 2,303 27 kopecks.
• Annual allowance for children of military personnel who died in the line of duty or became disabled for a summer recreational vacation - RUB 24,158 12 kopecks.
• Monthly compensation for parents whose children died due to war trauma - 3 000 rub.
• Monthly compensation to the widows of servicemen who died in the fighting - 3 000 rub.
• Monthly allowance for military personnel who received a disability due to a military injury in the amount of 6 000 rub. for groups 1 and 2 and 2 300 rub. for group 3.

If a citizen undergoes military service, then his family is entitled to:

• One-time allowance for a pregnant wife in the amount of - RUB 26,539 46 kop.
• Payment for a child up to 3 years old - RUB 11,374 38 kop. per month.
• Monthly allowance for a child up to 3 years old - 15 000 rub., for a child from 3 to 18 years old - 6 000 rub.
• Compensation for food, if there are children under 3 years old - 675 rub.
• Compensation for housing and communal services in the presence of minor children - 600 rub.

Payments to foster parents, guardians and trustees

Depending on which category the person who took the child to be brought up in the family belongs to, payments are also graduated.

Benefits and allowances for pregnant women in Moscow

The government of the capital pays benefits not only after the birth of children. The following are also foreseen in Moscow in 2018:

• Lump sum - 628 rub. 47 kopecks.
• Benefit for women registered with the antenatal clinic before the 12-week gestation period - 628 rub. 47 kopecks. It is provided along with a one-time maternity allowance.
• Benefit for women registered before the 20th week of pregnancy - 600 rub.
• Additional monthly allowance provided that the pregnant woman was dismissed due to the liquidation of the enterprise - 1 500 rub.

An additional allowance is paid to the pregnant wives of men serving in the military.

Social support for orphans

In Moscow, cash payments are also provided for children left without parental care, as well. They include:

• One-time payment upon enrollment in educational institutions professional orientation - RUB 20,639
• Payment upon employment RUB 79,416
• A one-time payment to persons who have reached the age of majority in respect of whom the process of guardianship is terminated - 24 000 rub.
• Monthly compensation for orphans and children without care, provided that they are full-time students and support minor children themselves - 3 000 rub.

Also, all minor orphans (up to 23 years old, if a citizen is studying full-time) are entitled to a social pension. In 2018, its size in Moscow is RUB 10,068 53 kop.

Benefits, payments and subsidies for pensioners in Moscow in 2018-2019

What are the benefits for veterans in Moscow

A number of social support measures The government of the capital provides veterans with:

• Veterans of labor receive free travel on city public transport and free medicines
• Disabled people.
• Children from large families.
• Pensioners.
• Pupils.
• Students (PP Moscow No. 668).

Getting a social card provides the following benefits:

• It can be used as a debit bank card and do not pay for annual maintenance.
• Grants the right to free travel in urban public transport.
• The student's social card allows the child to be identified as a “Muscovite”, which allows visiting museums in the capital free of charge.
• makes it possible to pay utility bills without a commission.
• It can receive any social benefits.

To apply for a card, you need to contact the My Documents center. It is made within a month after submitting an application.

Social support- special measures aimed at maintaining conditions sufficient for the existence of socially vulnerable categories of citizens, social groups, individual families, individuals who are in need in the course of their life and active existence.

Difficult life situation- a situation that is subjectively perceived by a person as difficult for him personally or is objectively violating his normal life activity (disability, inability to self-service due to age, illness, orphanhood, neglect, low income, unemployment, conflicts and cruelty in the family, loneliness, etc.) .P.).

1) disabled: pensioners, disabled people, children, citizens who are in the care of the state (in homes for the disabled, nursing homes, etc.);

2) the poor;

3) caught in emergency situations: the unemployed, refugees and migrants, persons without a fixed place of residence, victims of emergency situations (fires, floods, earthquakes, radiation exposure, etc.).

Social protection and social support citizens belong to the powers of the state. The competence of local self-government bodies includes only assistance in establishing guardianship and guardianship. However, the main part of the work on social support of citizens is traditionally carried out by local self-governments as state powers.

For each of the listed categories, the state develops specific programs of social protection, and on local level- social support programs.

Types of social support programs:

1) object, designed for a specific social group of the population;

2) problematic, designed to solve some social problem.

Social services - a mechanism for the implementation of social support.

Social service represents is an activity for socio-economic support, the provision of social, medical, social, psychological, legal services, for the implementation of social adaptation and rehabilitation citizens and families in difficult life situations.

Main link social service organizations for the population - urban and rural areas, microdistrict (labor collective), small town without administrative division.

Control functions issues of social services to the population in the territory under their jurisdiction are carried out by the bodies of social protection of the population.

Social services provided free of charge and for a fee, through the system of relevant social services, including state, municipal, private and other services, based on the request of the client, his guardian, custodian or other legal representative.

Principles of social service:

1. equal opportunities for citizens regardless of nationality, gender, age;

2. availability;

3. voluntariness;

4. promoting social adaptation based on one's own strength;

5. targeting, priority assistance to citizens who are in a dangerous or helpless state;

6. humanity, benevolence, observance of confidentiality in work;

7. preventive orientation;

8. legality and compliance with international standards.

The purpose of the system social services - organization of various forms social work with different categories of the population in direct contact with them and at the most targeted territorial level. It is designed to include a complex of targeted services for various social groups who are at risk and need support given the new social situation.

Creation of a social service system aims to help in solving many problems of education, care for disabled family members, organization of life, leisure; problems associated with conflict in relationships, which reduces the ability to self-sufficiency, as well as to raise the level of social guarantees for the population. In addition, the social service system will allow coordinating the efforts of state bodies and various social structures including public, private, charity organisations.

Social service- a system of state, municipal, private and other bodies, institutions, enterprises and organizations providing social services. The activities of these institutions are subject to licensing in the manner prescribed by the Government Russian Federation.

Social workers- persons who directly provide assistance or organize the provision of assistance to clients of the social service and are on the staff of bodies, institutions and organizations providing social services.

One of the requirements- all these employees must have a higher or secondary education in the specialty "Social work" or education in a medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal or other profile that meets the requirements and nature of the work performed. Home care providers may have a secondary education but must complete coursework. Employees providing social services enjoy certain benefits, rights and guarantees.

A client of a social service is a person or family in a difficult life situation and in need of social services in connection with this.

Social work is a kind of human activity aimed at helping people who need it, who are not able to solve their life problems without outside help.

Types of social services:

1. Financial assistance, provided in the form of cash, food, medicines, sanitation and hygiene products, child care items, clothes, shoes, essentials ; special transport and technical means disability prevention and rehabilitation for the disabled and those in need of outside care.

2. Social patronage of citizens and families in need of permanent non-stationary service. Citizens living alone, who have partially lost the ability to self-service due to age, illness, disability, are provided with home assistance in the form of social services, assistance in obtaining medical and other assistance. Families in difficult life situations are provided with childcare services.

3. Social service in stationary conditions of citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and need constant outside care. In accordance with their age and health, it is planned to create the necessary conditions for life, carry out medical, psychological, social measures, provide food, care at home, and organize feasible labor activity, recreation and leisure.

4. Provision of temporary shelter for citizens without a fixed place of residence and occupation, neglected children and adolescents, and other people in need of such assistance.

5. Organization of a day stay in a social service institution. Elderly citizens and disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, as well as other persons, including children in a difficult life situation, are provided with social, domestic, medical and other services during the day in social institutions. -service.

6. Advisory assistance to citizens and families in the field of socio-economic and medical social security life-activity, psychological and pedagogical assistance, legal protection.

7. Rehabilitation services. Social services provide assistance in professional, social, psychological rehabilitation to citizens who are disabled, and carry out rehabilitation work with minors and other citizens with socially dangerous behavior.

Social service functions:

a) social assistance function which includes:

Identification, accounting of families and individuals who are most in need of social support (low-income citizens, families with children and other disabled members), providing material (financial, in-kind) assistance and providing temporary housing to those in need, etc.;

Prevention of poverty: creation of conditions for families to independently ensure their well-being, family entrepreneurship;

Home services for families and singles in need of outside care: delivery of food, medicines, transportation for treatment, home health monitoring, adaptation and equipment of apartments for clients with disabilities, etc.;

Promoting the development of non-traditional forms of pre-school, school and out-of-school education (kindergarten at home, walking groups, etc.);

Organization, together with the public education authorities, of a temporary forced stay of a child outside the parental family, his further placement in children's institution, under guardianship (guardianship), adoption;

b) consulting function :

Consultations of specialists (lawyers, sociologists, teachers, doctors, psychologists, etc.);

Participation in preparing young people for choosing a profession;

Preparation of boys and girls for marriage and conscious parenthood;

Parental medical and psychological general education;

c) the function of social adjustment and rehabilitation , which contains:

Social, medical and psychological rehabilitation of minors with deviant behavior, neglected children and adolescents, children left without parental care or persons replacing them;

Medico-social rehabilitation and rehabilitation of children and adolescents with disabilities from families raising them;

d) the function of informing the population , study and forecasting of social needs, within which there are three relatively independent areas:

Providing the client with the information necessary to resolve a difficult life situation;

Dissemination of medical-psychological, pedagogical and other knowledge among the population;

The study by social work specialists, specially created institutions, as well as with the help of scientific organizations needs of its clients and social problems that give rise to crisis situations in the region, the development and implementation of specific measures aimed at their elimination of these problems;

e) function of participation in the implementation of emergency measures on overcoming the consequences of natural disasters and social conflicts:

Participation of social service specialists in the development of emergency programs;

Formation within the framework of rescue services organized at the central (inter-republican, republican, regional) level, brigades social workers who are ready, if necessary, to arrive in the area of ​​a natural disaster or in a territory where the population has become involved in a social conflict, with the aim of providing professional rehabilitation, psychological and other assistance to the population in a stressful situation.

Sources of funding for social services:

Normative deductions from the budget of the corresponding level in the amount of at least 2% of the expenditure side of the budget;

Receipts from the social support fund of the population as a result of the allocation of part of the funds for the purpose of social support for families with children;

Funds from the federal budget for the implementation of statutory tasks;

Redistribution of funds between committees and departments of services at various levels for the implementation of regional, city and district programs;

Additional funds from the regional and local budgets to provide targeted measures to adapt the population's income to the rising cost of living;

From paid services and from economic activity educational institutions and service enterprises;

Income from the privatization of state property, commercial stores, private and cooperative lease of municipal property, land fees and others Natural resources etc.;

Charitable donations and contributions from enterprises, public organizations and individuals, proceeds from charitable events.

Local Governments social services are responsible for ensuring its quality and accessibility, for the development of the municipal sector of social services in the territories under their jurisdiction, and also provide control over compliance state standards the quality of social services in the municipal and non-state sectors of social services.

Questions for self-control

2. What mechanisms are used in the implementation of social support for the population and the municipality?

3. What are the criteria for the allocation of objects of social assistance?

4. What social service institutions can be created on the territory of the municipality?

Social support of the population - a system of principles, methods, legally established by the state of social guarantees, activities and institutions that ensure the provision optimal conditions life, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and activities of the existence of the individual, various social categories and groups; a set of measures, actions, means of the state and society directed against risk situations in the normal life of citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, disability, death of a breadwinner, and others; a set of state measures of a socio-economic and legal nature to ensure a state-guaranteed minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable segments of the population during the period of economic transformations (transition to market relations) and the associated decrease in their standard of living.

In Russia, the right of citizens to social support is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation. The system of social support of the population includes: social security, social insurance and social protection. Done through the federal local budgets, specially created funds for social support of the population, non-state funds.

The purpose of the system of social support for the population is to provide support and assistance to groups of the population and individual citizens in need of this with the help of regulatory, economic, socio-psychological, organizational and technical means and levers. The main principles of social support: humanity, social justice, targeting, comprehensiveness, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual.

The need to improve the system of social support for the population is caused by the transition to market relations in society. The main prerequisites for its development are the change in the form of ownership; change in the distribution system wealth and services and the formation of new relationships between members of society; the need to solve a number of social problems (unemployment, guarantees of social protection in old age, the necessary level of spending on education, medical care, the possibility of making a profit in the form of a dividend on shares, etc.), social stratification of society, as well as providing a legislative basis for social support for rights and human freedoms.

The system of social support for the population performs the function of maintaining the real preservation of the monetary unit in terms of inflation, an operational protection mechanism individual layers of the population (disabled, low-income, unemployed, families with children, self-employed population) from innovations that lead to a decrease in their living standards (indexation of cash income, the establishment of preferential prices for goods and services for pensioners, preferential taxation, etc.). The main goals of social support for the population are to get rid of absolute poverty (when the average per capita total family income is below the subsistence level), to provide material assistance to the population in extreme conditions, and to promote the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions of a market economy.

An integral element of the social support of the population in the crisis conditions of the transition to market relations is social assistance, provision in cash or in kind, in the form of services or benefits provided subject to social guarantees legally established by the state; totality social services, medical and social, socio-economic, social, social, psychological, socio-pedagogical and other support of a person from state and non-state structures during his crisis, in difficult life situations. It performs the function of providing assistance for poverty to certain groups of the population in extreme conditions; is in the nature of periodic and one-time cash supplements to pensions and benefits, in-kind payments and services in order to neutralize critical life situations, adverse economic conditions.

Social assistance (support) is provided at the expense of local authorities authorities, enterprises (organizations), non-budgetary and charitable foundations in order to provide targeted, differentiated assistance to those in need.

the most important integral part social support of the population is an institution of social work bodies. The purpose of their activities is to pursue a state policy aimed at establishing stable and orderly links between various levels of the organizational system, designed to form social relations in society, provide citizens with potential life benefits to meet their needs, and develop economic independence in management.

The effectiveness of the work of social support bodies of the population is expressed in resolving the problems of economic, socio-political and spiritual development, ensuring the stabilization of society. The objects of management in the system of social support of the population are institutions and organizations, labor and educational teams of this system, as well as relations between people.

The subjects of management are bodies directly involved in the problems of social assistance to the population (ministry, committees, departments, departments, departments of social protection of the population, the main function of bodies, institutions of social protection of the population is to improve the activities of its various structural elements, regulated by certain norms and controlled social institutions to ensure the achievement of the set goals.

The main levels of social work bodies: republic (Federation), region, labor collective, non-state (charitable) public organizations. An important role in the system of social support for the population is played by trade unions, administration and various forms of self-government in labor collectives.

The main functions of the bodies of social support of the population at the federal level: the organization of pension services and the provision of benefits; social service; medical and social expertise, rehabilitation of the disabled and the provision of prosthetic and orthopedic care; social assistance to families and children; preparation of legislation on social protection of the population; as well as the development of provisions on the basics of social policy, analysis and forecast of living standards various categories population, preparation of recommendations for the development of regional social programs, development social standards etc.

The functions of the bodies of social protection of the population at the regional (local) level are regulated by higher bodies, with a certain independence, include: ensuring and solving production and economic problems, planned and financial and economic activities, creating various social assistance funds, solving economic problems, etc.

Certain functions are performed by various charitable organizations and funds for social assistance to the population: social and medical assistance to the lonely, the elderly, the infirm; social rehabilitation of the disabled; legal assistance to socially needy categories of the population, etc.

The main requirements for the implementation of social support for vulnerable social strata of the population: the primary and prevailing role of the state in the implementation of this protection; shifting the center of gravity in work from material protection to social care for people; increasing the role of social and emotional communities, religious communities, collectives in social protection organizations; strengthening the contribution of entrepreneurs to the social protection of citizens in need, the elimination of poverty, the creation of jobs, etc.; providing various forms of social protection and developing targeted assistance measures designed for a specific contingent of those in need; maximum consideration of the principle of social justice.

Social support of the population includes social security, social insurance and social protection. The need to improve the system of social support for the population is caused by the transition to market relations in society.

The main prerequisites for its development is a change in the form of ownership; changing the system of distribution of material goods and services and the formation of new relations between members of society; the need to solve a number of social problems (unemployment, guarantees of social protection in old age, medical care, etc.), social stratification of society, as well as providing a legislative basis for the protection of human rights and freedoms.

The main requirements for the implementation of social support for the most vulnerable segments of the population are as follows:

The primary and prevailing role of the state in the implementation of this protection;

transferring the center of gravity in work with material support to social care for people; the need to organize social protection, primarily through family assistance;

Increasing the role of social and national communities, religious communities, collectives in the organization of social support;

Strengthening the contribution of entrepreneurs to social support for needy citizens, the elimination of poverty, the creation of jobs, etc.;

Providing various forms of social support and developing precisely targeted assistance measures designed for a specific contingent of those in need;

Maximum consideration of the principle of social justice, etc.

Every citizen has the right to social protection and support.

The constitution obliges the state to create all the necessary conditions to exercise this right.

It not only proclaims the right of citizens to social support, but also clearly defines the ways of its implementation. First of all, this is compulsory pension insurance for employees, the creation of other funds that are sources of financing social support for the population, as well as the adoption of federal laws guaranteeing the exercise of these rights.

As a matter of priority, social support in the Russian Federation is in need of:

Elderly citizens, especially single and lonely living, including single married couples;

Disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War and families of fallen servicemen;

Disabled people, incl. disabled since childhood and children with disabilities;

Disabled soldiers-internationalists;

Citizens affected by the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and radioactive releases elsewhere;

Unemployed;

Forced refugees and migrants;

Children are complete orphans;

Children with deviant behavior;

Families with disabled children, orphans;

Low-income families;

Large families;

single mothers;

Persons with disabilities.

Social protection management bodies and their subordinate enterprises, institutions, organizations, territorial bodies of social protection of the population form a unified state system of social protection of the population, providing state support families, elderly people, veterans and disabled people, persons discharged from military service, and their families, development of a system of social services, implementation of state policy in the field of pensions and labor relations.

Social protection of the population- this is one of the most important directions of the social policy of the state, which consists in establishing and maintaining the socially necessary material and social position of all members of society.

Sometimes social protection is interpreted more narrowly: as providing a certain level of income for those segments of the population who, for whatever reason, cannot provide for their own existence: the unemployed, the disabled, the sick, orphans, the elderly, single mothers, families with many children. Basic principles of social protection:

• humanity;
• targeting;
• complexity;
• ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual.

The system of social protection of the population and its structure

Social security system is a set of legislative acts, measures, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of social protection measures for the population, support for socially vulnerable segments of the population.

It includes:

1. Social Security originated in Russia in the 1920s. and meant the creation state system material support and services for the elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. This category is essentially identical to the category of social protection, but the latter applies to a market economy.

In addition to pensions (for old age, disability, etc.), social security included benefits for temporary disability and childbirth, for caring for a child under the age of one, assistance to families in the maintenance and upbringing of children (free or on preferential terms, nurseries, kindergartens, boarding schools , pioneer camps, etc.), family benefits, maintenance of the disabled in special organizations(nursing homes, etc.), free or subsidized prosthetic care, providing disabled people with means of transportation, vocational training for disabled people, and various benefits for families of disabled people. During the transition to the market, the social security system largely ceased to fulfill its functions, but some of its elements entered into modern system social protection of the population.

2. - the provision of social benefits and services to citizens without taking into account the labor contribution and testing of means on the basis of the principle of distribution of these benefits according to the needs of the available public resources. In our country, social guarantees include:

• guaranteed free medical care;
• general accessibility and free education;
• the minimum wage;
• the minimum amount of pensions, scholarships;
• social pensions (disabled since childhood; children with disabilities; disabled people without work experience; children who have lost one or both parents; persons over 65 (men) and 60 (women) years who do not have work experience);
• allowances at the birth of a child, for the period of caring for a child until he reaches the age of 1.5 years, up to 16 years;
• ritual allowance for burial and some others.

Since January 1, 2002, the amount of benefits related to the birth of a child has been increased. Thus, the amount of a one-time allowance for the birth of a child increased from 1.5 thousand rubles to 4.5 thousand rubles and in 2006 - up to 8000 rubles, the monthly allowance for the period of parental leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years from 200 up to 500 rubles, and in 2006 - up to 700 rubles. This allowance provided 25% of the living wage for an able-bodied person. The amount of the monthly allowance for a child under 16 years of age has not been revised and amounts to 70 rubles. Its ratio with the subsistence minimum for a child was 3.0% in 2004. In Moscow and some other regions, this allowance in 2006 increased to 150 rubles.

A variety of social guarantees are social benefits. They represent a system of public guarantees provided to certain groups of the population (disabled people, war veterans, labor veterans, etc.). In 2005, benefits in kind were replaced for these categories of the population monetary compensation. Since January 1, 2005, the preferential category of citizens has the right to use the social package and the right to receive monthly cash payments. The cost of the social package is set at 450 rubles. It includes travel in suburban transport, free drug provision, sanatorium treatment and travel to the place of sanatorium treatment. The law provides that from January 2006 beneficiaries will be able to choose between a social package and receiving the appropriate amount of money.

From January 1, 2006, monthly cash payments in accordance with the law were established in the following amounts: invalids of the Great Patriotic War - 2000 rubles; participants of the Second World War - 1500 rubles; combat veterans and a number of other categories of beneficiaries - 1,100 rubles.

Persons who worked during the Second World War at air defense facilities, the construction of fortifications, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities, family members of those who died or died war invalids, participants in the Great Patriotic War and combat veterans, will receive 600 rubles a month.

Disabled persons with a third degree of restriction of labor activity are paid 1,400 rubles a month; second degree - 1000 rubles; first degree - 800 rubles; disabled children will be paid 1000 rubles. Disabled people who do not have a degree of restriction on labor activity, with the exception of disabled children, receive 500 rubles a month.

Social insurance— protection of the economically active population from social risks on the basis of collective solidarity in compensation for damage. The main social risks associated with the loss of ability to work, work and, accordingly, income, are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accident, work injury, Occupational Illness, death of the breadwinner. The system is funded social insurance from special non-budgetary funds formed at the expense of contributions from employers and employees, as well as state subsidies. There are two forms of social insurance - compulsory (supported by the state of its funds) and voluntary (in the absence of state assistance). Citizens are supported primarily through cash payments (pensions and benefits for sickness, old age, unemployment, loss of a breadwinner, etc.), as well as through financing of health services, vocational training, etc. related to the restoration of working capacity.

Social support(assistance) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who, for one reason or another, are unable to secure an income for themselves. Assistance is provided through both cash and in-kind payments (free meals, clothing) and is funded by general tax revenues. Means testing is usually required to receive social assistance. Assistance is provided to those people whose incomes are below the minimum living standards, and is an essential element of the anti-poverty policy, ensuring a minimum guaranteed income, as a realization of the right to life.

Social support is not limited to material assistance. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided to individuals or groups of the population by social services to overcome life's difficulties, maintain social status, and adapt in society.

The activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, medical, pedagogical, legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations has formed into a separate branch of the social sphere - social services.

The system of social service institutions in Russia is developing at a very rapid pace. During the period 1998-2004, the total number of social service institutions increased by one third. At the same time, the number of institutions for the elderly and the disabled increased by more than 1.5 times compared with 1985, and by 18% compared with 1998. Number of centers for social assistance to families and children in 1998-2004 doubled, social rehabilitation centers- 2.5 times. There are 25 rehabilitation centers for the disabled young age, 17 gerontological centers. New types of social service institutions have appeared: crisis centers for women, so far the only crisis center for men, crisis departments for girls.

Work aimed at helping, supporting and protecting people, and, above all, socially weak sections of society, is called social work.

The object of social work are people in need of outside help: the elderly, pensioners, the disabled, the seriously ill, children; people who got into
I wish for a life situation: the unemployed, drug addicts, teenagers who have fallen into bad company, single-parent families, convicts and those who have served their sentences, refugees and migrants, etc.

Subjects of social work- those organizations and people who carry out this work. This is the state as a whole, carrying out social policy through government bodies social protection. These are public organizations: Russian Association social services, the Association of Social Educators and Social Workers, etc. These are charitable organizations and relief societies such as the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

The main subject of social work are people engaged in it professionally or on a voluntary basis. There are about half a million professional social workers (that is, people with the appropriate education and diploma) all over the world (in Russia there are several tens of thousands). The main part of social work is performed by non-professionals, either as a result of circumstances or because of convictions and a sense of duty.

Society is interested in increasing effectiveness of social work. However, it is difficult to define and measure it. Efficiency is understood as the ratio of the results of activities and the costs necessary to achieve this result. Efficiency in social sphere is a complex category that consists of goals, results, costs and conditions social activities. The result is the final result of any activity in relation to its purpose. It can be positive or negative. In social work, the result is the satisfaction of the needs of its objects, clients of social services, and on this basis the general improvement of the social situation in society. The criteria for the effectiveness of social work at the macro level can be indicators of the financial situation of the family (person), life expectancy, the level and structure of morbidity, homelessness, drug addiction, crime, etc.

The problem of the limits of social assistance to citizens is closely related to the criterion of effectiveness. As in the implementation of the income policy, it is necessary to take into account the possible negative consequences of massive social support: the appearance of dependency, passivity, unwillingness to make decisions and solve one's own problems. There may be negative developments in the social sphere (for example, active support for single mothers may result in a decrease in the marriage rate and, ultimately, the birth rate).

Social support measures and benefits for Moscow citizens established by the Law of the City of Moscow dated November 3, 2004 N 70 "On measures of social support certain categories residents of the city of Moscow" (hereinafter referred to as Law N 70) for categories of citizens assigned to the powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including:

1. labor veterans (Article 3);
2. labor veterans and persons equated to them as of December 31, 2004;
3. rehabilitated persons;
4. citizens recognized as victims of political repression - children, spouses (who did not remarry), parents of persons who were shot or died in places of deprivation of liberty and rehabilitated posthumously.

Law N 70 also defines additional measures of social support for the following privileged categories of citizens who are federal beneficiaries, including:

1. Heroes Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, Heroes of Socialist Labor and full cavaliers of the Orders of Glory and Labor Glory of three degrees;
2. invalids of the Great Patriotic War, combat invalids and persons equated to them;
3. participants of the Great Patriotic War;
4. combatants;
5. persons who worked at air defense facilities, local air defense, on the construction of defensive structures, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities within the rear borders of the active fronts, operational zones of the operating fleets, in the front-line sections of iron and highways; members of the crews of the ships of the transport fleet, interned at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the ports of other states;
6. persons awarded with the badge "Inhabitant of besieged Leningrad";
7. combat veterans;
8. family members of the dead (deceased) disabled war veterans, participants in the Great Patriotic War, veterans of military operations; military personnel, private and commanding officers of the internal affairs bodies, the State Fire Service and state security bodies who died in the line of military service ( official duties), as well as those who died in the Great Patriotic war persons from among the personnel of the self-defense groups of the facility and emergency teams of the local air defense, as well as members of the families of the deceased employees of hospitals and hospitals in the city of Leningrad;
9. former juvenile prisoners of fascism - former juvenile prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos, and other places of detention created by the fascists and their allies during the Second World War;
10. disabled people with I, II, III degree of limitation of the ability to work (or I, II, III group disability);
11. disabled children under the age of 18;
12. citizens affected by radiation exposure;
13. citizens awarded with the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia" or "Honorary Donor of the USSR".

Law N 70 also retained measures of social support for the following categories of citizens established by regulatory legal acts of the city of Moscow:

1. disabled people of groups I and II (or those with III and II degree of disability for work) by sight;
2. participants in the defense of Moscow;
3. persons awarded the medal "For the Defense of Moscow";
4. persons who continuously worked in Moscow during the defense of the city from July 22, 1941 to January 25, 1942;
5. single pensioners and families consisting of pensioners (women over 55 and men over 60);
6. families of pensioners who have dependent children under the age of 18;
7. family members of the rehabilitated victims of repression;
8. participants in the prevention of the Caribbean crisis of 1962;
9. pensioners (not related to other preferential categories).

The right to free travel on the territory of the Moscow Region by public transport along routes in accordance with the list approved by the Decree of the Government of the Moscow Region dated January 19, 2005 N 24/3 "On servicing certain categories of citizens by public transport in the implementation of social support measures" is established for certain categories of citizens living in the city of Moscow, in accordance with the annex to the Decree of the Government of the Moscow Region of January 20, 2005 N 25/4 "On additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens who have a place of residence in the city of Moscow."

The amounts of individual social payments for 2015 are established by Decree of the Government of Moscow dated December 9, 2014 N 735-PP "On establishing the amounts of individual social payments for 2015".

Social support measures provided by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation

Social support measures provided Pension Fund Russian Federation, cover the categories of citizens belonging to the “federal” beneficiaries, to whom the Pension Fund appoints and pays monthly cash payments (UDV). For certain categories of citizens, the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation establishes additional monthly material support for pensions assigned in accordance with Russian legislation.

Measures of social support for senior citizens established by the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ "On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation", Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 26, 2006 N 1455 "On compensation payments to caregivers for disabled citizens", Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 4, 2007 N 343 "On the implementation of monthly compensation payments to non-working able-bodied persons caring for a disabled person of group I (with the exception of disabled people from childhood of group I), as well as for the elderly who need the conclusion of a medical institution in permanent outside care or who has reached the age of 80 years", are also provided by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.